Hand hygiene is the most important measure for healthcare workers to prevent transmission of harmful germs and healthcare-associated infections. The document explains that thousands die daily from infections acquired during healthcare and that hands are the main way germs are transmitted. It recommends cleaning hands with alcohol-based formulations for routine hygiene if hands are not visibly soiled, and washing with soap and water when hands are dirty or after using the toilet. Proper hand hygiene should be practiced by all healthcare workers and caregivers, especially before and after contact with patients.