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Harlem renaissance
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- 2. Harlem, a neighborhoodin New York City, was the center of the African American political, cultural, and artistic movement in the 1920s and early 1930s.Can you see any evidence from this map that this is an African American community?
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- 4. 4 What It Was •Harlem Renaissance – A flowering of African American art, literature, music and culture in the United States led primarily by the African American community based in Harlem, New York City.
- 5. 5 Who? • Descendants froma generation whose parents or grandparents had witnessed slavery and Reconstruction • Lived in a country governed by Jim Crow laws.
- 6. Based on thesepictures, describe what life was like in Harlem in the early 1930s.
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- 8. 8 Between 1910 and1930, the African American population in the North rose by about 20 percent overall. Cities such as Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Cleveland had some of the biggest increases.
- 9. Causes What events andmovements do you think may have helped lead to the Renaissance? Great Migration: the movement of hundreds of thousands of African Americans from rural areas in the South to urban areas in both he North and South. What push factors led to the migration? What pull factors led to the migration?
- 10. Causes Growing African AmericanMiddle Class: developed as a result of improved educational and employment opportunities for African Americans. The Harlem section of New York became the center of this new African American class.
- 11. Causes Political Agenda ForCivil Rights by African Americans: leaders such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey and the NAACP helped inspire racial pride in the middle and working class. Marcus Garvey pushed for the Back to Africa movement Du Bois, author of The Souls of Black Folks, was instrumental in the foundation of the NAACP.
- 12. The NAACP published The Crisis,a journal used to share the literary works of African Americans. Du Bois believed that artistic and literary work could be used as a form of propaganda to help combat racial stereotypes and gain new respect for the race. What message does this song, written by an African American, send to the general public? How do images like this hinder the efforts of African Americans like Du Bois?
- 13. Du Bois alsobelieved in the “talented tenth.” This was the idea that a small percentage of the African American population who were exceptionally skilled should be designated and educated as artistic and cultural leaders. He proposed absolute equality for the "talented tenth" and technical training for the black masses.
- 14. The Negro Speaksof Rivers Langston Hughes I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset. I've known rivers: Ancient, dusky rivers. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. Dubois’ Influence on Literature Incident Countee Cullen Once riding in old Baltimore, Heart-filled, head-filled with glee, I saw a Baltimorean Keep looking straight at me. Now I was eight and very small, And he was no whit bigger, And so I smiled, but he poked out His tongue, and called me, "Nigger." I saw the whole of Baltimore From May until December; Of all the things that happened there That's all that I remember.
- 15. African American Poet,Claude McKay memorialized the bloody summer of 1919 with the poem, “If We Must Die,” which was published in the magazine Liberator. If We Must Die If we must die--let it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs, Making their mock at our accursed lot. If we must die--oh, let us nobly die, So that our precious blood may not be shed In vain; then even the monsters we defy Shall be constrained to honor us though dead! Oh, Kinsmen! We must meet the common foe; Though far outnumbered, let us show us brave, And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow! What though before us lies the open grave? Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back! What is the imagery used in the poem? What message is the author sending to African Americans? Do you agree or disagree with the author? Why?
- 16. Impact The Harlem sectionof New York City was transformed from a deteriorating area into a thriving middle class community. Before After
- 17. Modernism & theHarlem Renaissance • Blacks view surge in art, music and literature as the creation of a new cultural identity. • Whites see it as another new, exotic, and trendy form of entertainment.
- 18. As Modern Artistslook to “make it new” they turn to the “New Negro” arts movement.
- 19. Jazz Shapes AmericanCulture
- 20. 20 Music • Jazz – Brassand woodwind instruments with trumpets, trombones and saxophones playing lead parts – Characterized by intricate leads and accidentals – Complex chords, syncopated rhythms – Improvised solos
- 21. 21 Music • Big Bandor Swing • No microphones meant that musicians increased band size to increase sound • Used composers and arrangers • Little room for
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- 23. 23 Notable Artists Self Portraitwith Bandana, William Johnson
- 24. 24Les Fetiches, LoisMailou Jones
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- 26. Differences in ArtisticVision What do you believe was more important: fighting racial prejudice and stereotyping, or true personal expression? Dubois & Locke • “Thus all art is propaganda and ever must be despite the wailing of the purists.” • “The great social gain in this is the releasing of our talented group from the arid fields of controversy and debate to the productive fields of creative expression.” Hughes & Hurston •“We younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesn’t matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly too.”