Hatchery management in Poultry (Fumigation)

SUBMITTED BY,
Dr. RAJWARDHAN.
Jr. MVSc
DEPARTMENT OF POULTRY SCIENCE
VETERINARY COLLEGE, BANGLORE

OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 Selecting hatching eggs.
 Handling and care of hatching eggs.
 Cleaning and sanitization of hatching
eggs.
 Fumigation of incubators and fumigation
chamber for eggs.
 Generation of Formaldehyde gas.
 Optimum conditions for incubation of
eggs.
 Incubation methods.
 Factors affecting fertility.
 Factors altering hatchability.

INTRODUCTION
 Enriched human food in the forms of
eggs and meat.
 Briolers – 42 days,
 Layer – 72 weeks.
 Life span – 7-8 years.

EXOTIC BREEDS
LAYER STOCKS BROILER STOCKS
Babcock,
Asian-Agro,
H and N,
Hissex,
Shavers,
Pearls,
Lohmann,
De-kalb etc.
Cobb,
Hubbard,
Pearlbro,
Hybro,
Kasila,
Anak,
Lohmann etc.

INDIA
 In India - 400 Hatcheries.
 Government Hatcheries – 160 and
remaining are operating in private
sector.
 Technical person like Veterinarians
and Hatcherymen – Practical
knowledge of incubation and hatching

SELECTING HATCHING
EGGS
 Shell quality.
◦ Breeding, Nutrition and Weather.
◦ Strong shell > Thin shell.
◦ Cracked eggs – Candling.
 Interior quality.

SELECTING HATCHING
EGGS
 Interior quality.
◦ Aircell, Albumen and Yolk quality.
◦ Aircell – 8mm.
◦ Rejected eggs :
 Floating air cell,
 Double yolk,
 Off centered yolk,
 Albumen with blood,
 Meat spot.

CARE DURING SELECTION
 Sex ratio – Fertile eggs.
 Egg weight – 50-55gm,
 Egg shape
 Sound, clean, Smooth, thick shells.
 High internal qualities.

HANDLING & CARE OF
HATCHING EGGS
 Optimum hatchability with healthy chicks.
 All stages – Handling – Gently with care.
Rough handling – Mortality.
 Egg collection.
 Moderatly soiled eggs.
 Transportation.
 Storage period - < 4 days – 18.3-20o C
- 7 days – 15-16o C
- Humidity – 75-80 %.

CLEANING & SANITIZATION OF
HATCHING EGGS
 Cleaning of soiled egg.
◦ Good yield.
◦ Mild dirty/Soiled eggs.
◦ Badly soiled eggs.
 Sanitization.

SANITIZATION
 Eggs and Equipments.
 Chlorine dioxide spray (or) dip.
 Ozone (O3) - 100 ppm
 Quaternary ammonia.
 Farmaldehyde gas.

FUMIGATION OF INCUBATORS
& FUMIGATION CHAMBER
FOR EGGS
 Commercial formaldehyde.

GENERATION OF
FORMALDYHYDE GAS
1. Potassium
permanganate method.
2. Paraformaldehyde
method.
3. Evaporation of
formalin solution.

 Two parts (by volume) Formalin +
One part (by weight) of KMnO4.
1. KMnO4 Method
1x
• Single strength concentration
• Normal
2x
• Double strength concentration
• In case of Outbreak
3x, 5x
• Other concentration
• Excessive microbe load

Fumigation levels per 2.83 m3 (100
ft3)
Strength To produce formaldehyde
gas mix together
Formalin Pottassium
permangana
te
(ml) (g)
Single (1x) 40 20
Double (2x) 80 40
Triple (3x) 120 60
(5x) 200 100

Strength To produce equivalent
amount formaldehyde gas
Paraformaldehyde powder
(g)
Single (1x) 10
Double (2x) 20
Triple (3x) 30
(5x) 50
2. PARAFORMALDEHYDE
METHOD

 A 40% formalin used in regulated
quantities for fumigation of hatchers
during piping and hatching period with
slow release of gas.
3. EVAPORATION OF
FORMALIN SOLUTION

Fumigation of Concentration of
fumigant
Fumigation time Neutraliser
NH4OH
Hatching eggs immediately
after laying
3x 20 No
Eggs in incubator (1st day
only)
2x 20 No
Incubator room 1x, 2x 30 No
Chicks in hatcher 1x 30 Yes
Hatchery between hatches 3x 30 No
Hatching and chick room
between hatches
3x 30 No
Wash room 3x 30 No
Chick boxes 3x 30 No
Trucks 5x 20 Yes
FUMIGATION OF HATCHERY
COMPONENTS

1. Temperature
2. Humidity
3. Ventillation
4. Turning of
eggs
5. Setting of eggs
OPTIMUM CONDITION FOR
INCUBATION OF EGGS

Species Chicken
Average incubation period (days) 20-21
Temperature OC (OF) 37.7 (99.7)
36.7 (98.3)
Duration of Incubation (days) (Phase 1
& 2)
1. 1- 18 days
2. 19-21 days
(H*)
RH percent 60
70
Turning required Yes
No
OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR
INCUBATION OF EGGS
(H* - Actual Hatching period during which chicks are hatched out)

INCUBATION METHODS
 Natural incubation method
 Artificial incubation method.

FACTORS AFFECTING
FERTILITY
 Major role in production of day old
chicks.
 The number of chicks hatched out from
number of eggs is also directly depends
on fertility.
 Expressed in Percentage (%).
 Union of sperm and ovum.
 Site : Infundibulum, within 15 minutes of

1. Heavy breeds.
2. Semen
3. Sex ratio
4. Age of bird
5. Preferential mating
6. Lighting condition
7. Laying condition
8. Temperature
9. Deficiency
FACTORS AFFECTING
FERTILITY

FACTORS ALTERING
HATCHABILITY
 Hatchability : No. of chicks produced
from eggs.
• Total egg set
• 85-87 %.
• Fertile eggs
• 90-95 %.

1. Breed.
2. Inbreeding.
3. Nutrition and Management.
4. Temperature.
5. Laying stage.
6. Abnormal shape of egg.
7. Faulty preincubation storage.
8. Temperature and humidity in incubator and hatcher.
9. O2 and CO2 levels in incubator.
10. Reverse setting of eggs.
11. Faulty turning.
12. Use of separate setter and hatcher with optimum
temperature and humidity.
FACTORS ALTERING
HATCHABILITY

• Solid waste
management
• Liquid waste
management
HACHERY WASTE
MANAGEMENT

 Solid hatchery waste – Empty shells,
Infertile eggs, Dead embryos, late
hatchings and dead chickens and a
viscous liquid from egg and decaying
tissue.
 Waste water - comes from the water
used to wash down incubators,
HACHERY WASTE MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION

1. Power generation.
2. Rendering.
3. Autoclaved or Extruded.
4. Boiling.
5. Ensiling.
6. Enzymes or sodium hydroxide
treatment.
7. Composting.
8. Anaerobic digestion.
SOLID WASTE TREATMENT
SYSTEM

1. Anaerobic digestion.
2. Integrated aquaculture method.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
SYSTEM

 Hatchery waste can be separated into
solid waste and liquid waste by
centrifuging .
 Alternatively inclined screens and the
use of a belt or filter press can
separate the components of the
waste.
 Flexible multi-layer filters can be used
to separate liquid wastes from solid
wastes.
CONCLUSIONS

Shells can be separated from the
hatchery waste as follows
 A powerful suction vacuum
 vibrating or shaking device and a
cyclone forced-air separator
CONCLUSIONS

Products that can be developed from shell
include
 Increase the mineral content of compost
 Spread around plants to deter slugs and
snails
 Mixed with garden soil for use as a fertilizer
 Mixed with seeds for use as a feed for aviary
birds
 Added to cement to increase its strength
 Used by artists to make mosaics
CONCLUSIONS

Hatchery management in Poultry (Fumigation)

Hatchery management in Poultry (Fumigation)

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Hatchery management in Poultry (Fumigation)

Recently uploaded

In this document

Hatchery management in Poultry (Fumigation)