He module 2

He module 2

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  1 PROJECT EASE Effective andAffordable Secondary Education TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION Home Economics MODULE 2 BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Department of Education DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City
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  2 Home and FamilyLiving First Year Module 2 A Space Called Home What this module is about Hello again, dear student! Do you know what we are going to explore today? Okay, to give you a clue, complete this line, “there’s no place like…” If you’re thinking of HOME, then you are right! A home is the place where family lives in peace, joy, and harmony. So, what are you waiting for, start turning the pages and find out! What you are expected to learn This module is planned to enable you to: 1. Differentiate a house from a home. 2. Explain the characteristics of an adequate house. 3. Describe the characteristics of a suitable house for the family. 4. Apply the principles of design in furniture and furnishing arrangement. 5. Identify the daily household tasks as well as the weekly and occasional tasks. 6. Show proficiency in the use of tools and materials for doing simple repairs. PRETEST Directions: Read each statement very well then, choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your notebook. 1. It is where love, joy, companionship, and even sorrows are shared. a. school c. church b. home d. house 2. This refers to the accessibility of services such as markets and schools, among others. a. location c. size b. cost d. design 3. Which of these rooms requires good ventilation? a. bathroom c. dining room
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  3 b. guest roomd. bedroom 4. The following government agencies can help you acquire a house through loans, except a. NHA c. MMDA b. PAGIBIG d. GSIS 5. If you find a large painting in the living room that immediately calls attention, it creates a. rhythm c. emphasis b. balance d. harmony 6. Placing two identical side tables beside the sofa, shows a. harmony c. emphasis b. rhythm d. balance 7. Which piece of furniture would best suit the dining room? a. small tables c. a China cabinet b. lounge chairs d. a bric-a-brac showcase 8. When buying furniture, we should be careful to look into a. the design c. comfort b. the workmanship d. all of the above 9. Following are examples of daily tasks, except a. cooking c. defrosting the refrigerator b. cleaning the house d. dishwashing 10.Which room needs to be well-maintained because it gives guests an idea of the kind of people who live in the house? a. kitchen c. bathroom b. living room d. bedroom 11.It is the cleanest place in the house because food preparation takes place there. a. kitchen c. guest room b. family room d. dining room 12.This technique employs the easiest, quickest, and simplest way of performing a task. a. work evaluation c. work habits b. work efficiency d. work simplification 13.Routine house checks are best done while a. cleaning the house c. decorating the house b. moving the furniture d. hanging the curtains
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  4 14.A tool usedfor loosening nuts on leaking faucets. a. screwdriver c. pliers b. monkey wrench d. clamp 15.Knowing simple home repairs saves you a lot of a. energy c. money b. time d. all of these Lesson 1 Making the Home Adequate Shelter is one of man’s basic needs. A house is a structure that fulfills the need of the family, not only for shelter but also for protection, relaxation privacy and socialization. A home is not merely a structure, it is where love, joy, companionship and even sorrows are shared. Functions of a House • It provides shelter and protection from the elements like the sun, wind, and rain and from animals and criminal elements. Every family needs a house to protect life and health and secure the well-being of loved ones. The house also protects the properties the family has invested over the years. • It is a place for rest, relaxation and recreation. Any family member can always look forward to going home in order to enjoy and relax. It can also be a venue for entertaining friends. • It provides privacy. Families need a space to interact and appreciate one another’s company, or discuss family concerns and find the emotional and psychological support they need, free from the intrusion of outsiders. Characteristics of an Adequate House Besides providing shelter, a house should also provide for the social, economic and psychological needs of the family. The home should be a place where the family can find peace, rest, and enjoy recreation. There is a space for entertaining family and friends, for reading books or listening to music. There should be privacy for the family and for each family member. Cleanliness and orderliness are more important than the furnishings and decorations in a house. Well-selected furnishings that are in good taste, practical and well-kept make a house beautiful.
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  5 Economic needs ofthe family include making sound investments and being financially stable. House design, construction, electrical connections and other features should be accident proof. It should assure to the occupants of the house safety and security. Since the home is very important factor in shaping one’s life, the house should be carefully chosen. Below are some factors to consider when choosing an ideal house. Factors to Consider in Choosing an Ideal House 1. Location. The house should be located in areas accessible to basic services such as markets, schools, hospitals, parks, churches and place of employment. Easy access to main roads, police and fire stations would be a bonus. 2. Design. The design of the house should give comfort and convenience to the family. It should provide for the security of the occupants. The house should be complete with the basic rooms for the family such as bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen, and bathroom. There should be separate bedrooms for the parents, and for the boys and girls. All rooms, particularly the bedrooms and kitchen, should have wide windows for good ventilation. Ideally, bedroom windows should open to a garden. 3. Size. Adequate room areas should provide for privacy, convenience for work activities, space for basic pieces of furniture in each of the rooms and storage. Sizes of the rooms will depend upon the family members, their interest and hobbies. Floor plans should observe economy in the use of space. The location of toilets and bathrooms should be considered for plumbing installations. 4. Cost. This will be a major deciding factor on how your home will be like. If your family has insufficient budget, a housing loan from either SSS or the GSIS could be of great help. Banks and home financing agencies also offer assistance. Before purchasing or building a house, consider the ability of your family to pay the loan. Activity 1 Observe the houses in your community. Describe the following features of the houses: 1. style 2. water supply 3. garbage disposal 4. cleanliness of surroundings 5. drainage Activity 2 Draw your own dream house. Illustrate the floor plan on an illustration board. Write a short paragraph telling why you feel that the house best fits you and your family.
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  6 Self-check: The answers tothe statements are written alphabetically. Re-arrange the letters to form the correct answers. degins 1. Refers to the provision of the house for basic rooms such as bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen and bathroom. eisz 2. This refers to access of the room. It should be big enough to provide privacy, convenience of movement and safety from moving furniture. acilnoot 3. The house should be near markets, schools, churches, and places of work. afllnoopr 4. It shows the location of the rooms of the house. alnos 5. It is an alternative if the family has insufficient budget and cannot build or purchase a house. Lesson 2 Making One’s Home Livable, Comfortable and Attractive A home is a sanctuary where the family can find peace, relaxation and recreation. Therefore, the home should be made comfortable, attractive, and livable for all family members. Thus, arrangement of furniture and furnishings at home should be light to the eyes to create an ambiance of peace and harmony. Design of the house should give comfort and convenience to the family. To know more about the principles of design, proceed to the foregoing discussion. Principles of Design in the Arrangement of Furniture and Furnishings Design, as defined by Faulkner, refers to the selection and organization of forms, spaces, colors and textures to create beauty. Emphasis, rhythm, balance, proportion and harmony are some principles of design that can be used as guide to ensure beauty as well as comfort at home. 1. Emphasis or center of interest. This is the principle of dominance and subordination. Decide which part of the room should be emphasized. Arrange all furnishings in such a way that attention is immediately directed to that place. There should be a good view of the garden, a place for fine furniture, and an artwork or painting. The thing to remember is to emphasize a few important things and subordinate the rest.
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  7 Tips on howto give emphasis: a. Determine which parts should be dominant or subordinate. Emphasize important points and down play the rest. b. Limit the number of parts that should be emphasized. One dominant and two or three subordinate parts should be good enough. c. Arrange other parts of the house to direct interest to the more important ones. d. Use wisely bright and intense colors, large shapes and things that have unusual forms. e. Repeating colors or forms is one way of impressing dominance. 2. Balance. This means equilibrium which gives a feeling of stability and steadiness in a room. This could either be formal symmetrical balance, where one side of the room is exactly the same as the other side. Some call it the mirror image of the other. For example, a sofa may have identical side tables and lamps. Symmetrical or formal balance is used when a formal effect is desired or if there is something important to be emphasized. Informal or asymmetrical balance is an arrangement in which one side is differently arranged from the other side. It tends to attract attention and makes one think about what makes the arrangement balanced. Informal balance creates a feeling of informality, movement and being casual. Balance creates equilibrium and is needed for order and design. Formal or informal types of balance can be used at home. In the choice of the types of balance to be used, one should consider that which best suits the needs of the family. 3. Proportion. This is the harmonious relationship among various elements of art. This corporative relationship refers to size, amount and space. 4. Rhythm relates to organized movement. It helps the eyes move around the room. All objects in a room give life to it through the movement that rhythm creates. It is achieved by means of the following: a. Repetition - Colors, shapes and textures are repeated in the interior of the house. Those that are ordinary should be repeated. b. Progressive -Transition is produced by increasing or decreasing one or more qualities of an object such as size, shape, color and texture of an object or a room. It is more lively than repetition because it creates movement leading to a certain direction. 5. Harmony. This is the principle of art which produces the impression of unity through the arrangement of consistent objects and ideas. When lines or forms are related and appear to belong together within a given space, a feeling of unity or harmony is achieved.
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  8 Buying and ArrangingFurniture Good furniture pieces provide comfort and satisfaction to the family for a long time, hence, every piece of furniture should be carefully selected. Craftsmanship, comfort, simplicity of design, proportion to the space where it will be placed and cost should be considered when buying furniture. It is better to buy a good piece of furniture which costs more than buying one of less quality. Taste of the family and the purpose for which the furniture will be used are important factors in the choice of furniture. The principles of design are useful in arranging furniture. The family’s taste and style will give the impression of their personality which may be hospitable or warm, cold or aloof, formal or familiar. The following are descriptions of how pieces of furniture are arranged in different parts of the house. a. Living Room. Large furniture are best placed against or parallel to the window. A light sofa must face the door. On both sides of the sofa are side tables with vases, figurines, lampshades and other accessories arranged to make the living room colorful and lively. At the center should be a low center table usually square or rectangular. b. Dining Room. The dining table should be placed in such a way that space around it is used to place the chairs. A china cabinet may be added for keeping table appointments. A fruit tray or a bouquet of fresh or artificial flowers on a flat vase could be placed at the center of the table. c. Bedroom. Since this is the place for sleep or rest, room arrangement should induce rest. There should be enough windows to let in fresh air. The bed should be placed where there is no direct glass. There should be enough cabinets for clothes and personal things. d. Kitchen. There should be a working table located at the center of the kitchen. Utensils and cooking tools used frequently should be within easy reach. The dishwashing area must be close to the range, placed on the left. The refrigerator should be at the end for one continuous flow. Cabinets for storing cooking equipment may be labeled for ease of reference. e. Bathroom. Curtains made of plastic or waterproof cloth are good for bathrooms. Stainless or glass cabinets may be installed for accessories and toiletries. In some houses, sliding glass doors or curtains separate shower and bath. Potted plants that do not require much sunlight help brighten up the bathroom, making it look fresh, clean and well-maintained. Activity 3 Draw or paste a picture of the living room in your notebook and like an interior designer, draw lines to show in which parts of the living room the principles of design are used. Color your work to accentuate your drawing (if you choose to draw).
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  9 Self-check: Pick out thewords in the box below that describe the principles of design. Harmony Progression Proportion Balance Repetition Emphasis Opposition Rhythm Formal _______ 1. It gives an impression of unity. _______ 2. It is produced by increasing or decreasing one or more qualities of an object. _______ 3. It is also called center of interest. _______ 4. It gives a feeling of stability and steadiness in a room. _______ 5. It is the relationship that pertains to space, amount and size. Were you able to get all? You’ve done well! If you missed some of the items, go back and find out what you missed? Try to do better next time. Lesson 3 Maintaining Cleanliness and Orderliness at Home A house, no matter how small and simple, can be attractive and inviting if kept clean and orderly. The incidence of diseases spreading in the Philippines and the rest of the world like dengue, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) hepatitis, among others can be controlled through cleanliness. The Department of Health (DOH) has issued an all-out campaign on cleanliness to keep everyone healthy. The best place to start this, is in our own home. Housekeeping must, therefore, be every family member’s task. A good homemaker knows how to distribute tasks to be able to get the work done. First, determine which tasks are done daily, weekly or occasionally. Then, determine the bulk of the tasks each family member has to perform. It would be good to keep a list of activities. In keeping the house neat and clean, group the work activities according to: 1. Daily tasks - cooking, cleaning the house, setting the table, washing the dishes, cleaning bathrooms and toilets, and watering the plants. 2. Weekly tasks - marketing, ironing, laundering, defrosting the refrigerator, mopping and waxing the floor 3. Occasional tasks - cleaning the windows, walls and floors, changing the curtains, minor repairs
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  10 Housekeeping is anever-ending task that has to be done repeatedly. It is not just one task, but several tasks done regularly. A good plan helps give the house the care and maintenance it needs. Remember to have a place for everything and see that everything is in its place. Living Room Care The living room gives an impression of the kind of people who live in it. It should always be kept clean and attractive. Newspapers and magazines should be in their proper places. Decors should be put up and arranged properly. Cleaning the room should be done daily. Bedroom Care The bedroom is the individual’s private place where one sleeps, rests and dresses up. All articles should be returned to their proper places after use. Used clothes should be placed in a laundry basket or brought to the laundry area. Cleaning of the room may be done daily or weekly. If done weekly, it must be thoroughly cleaned. Floors should be swept and mopped. Bathroom Care One who uses the bathroom should leave it as clean as he finds it. It should be cleaned with disinfectants to destroy germs and bacteria. The toilet bowl should be scrubbed daily and bathroom floors and walls, washed once a week. Find a good cleanser or a similar product to remove scars and dirt accumulating on the tiles. Kitchen Care The kitchen should be the cleanest room of the house for it is the place where food is prepared and served. Screens best protect the kitchen against flies and other insects. If screens are not used, food must be covered. Hot water is best used for sanitizing plates, glasses and flatware, and then kept in dish racks or dish dryers. Stovetops and refrigerators can be cleaned with an abrasive cloth. Refrigerators must be unplugged while being defrosted. A little baking soda with the cleaning liquid can keep refrigerator odors away. Garbage containers should be emptied and disinfected regularly. Always keep these containers clean and covered to keep flies and other insects away. Work Simplification Techniques Work simplification means looking for the easiest, simplest and fastest way of accomplishing work. It needs the most comfortable position in working and the best effort in doing these to avoid stress or strain. Following are good reminders: 1. Finish doing all tasks of the same type before starting another. Scrub floors before sweeping. Wash all windows before cleaning the walls.
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  11 2. Start fromthe ceiling, down to the lowermost part, the floors. Clean the area upstairs before the area downstairs. This routine prevents doing unnecessary tasks like sweeping the floor repeatedly. 3. Use correct hand and body techniques: a. push instead of pull b. when lifting heavy objects from the floor, bend from the knees and not from the waist c. when pushing heavy objects like the sofa, use the weight of the whole body and not the arms d. keep tools and cleaning equipment within reach to avoid strain e. sit while working whenever you can, like when preparing vegetables in the kitchen or washing clothes f. dovetail tasks by doing two at the same time, like setting the table while cooking Activity 4 Classify the given household tasks and place them in their proper columns. Daily Tasks Weekly Tasks Occasional Tasks cleaning the windows ironing clothes setting the table cooking food repairing the faucet waxing the floor marketing mending clothes scrubbing the walls laundering clothes general house cleaning cleaning the cabinets changing the curtains cleaning the toilet washing the dishes cleaning the refrigerator changing bed linens watering the plants Activity 5 Look for household cleaning tips and write them in your notebook.
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  12 Self-check: Do’s and Don’ts:Encircle DO if you think the housekeeping practice is correct; DON’T, if the housekeeping practice is not done in the proper way. Do Don’t 1. Clean the house when guests are coming. Do Don’t 2. Plan work to be done to facilitate housekeeping. Do Don’t 3. Have a place for everything and everything in its place. Do Don’t 4. Living rooms should be cleaned weekly. Do Don’t 5. Clean the floors before the ceilings. Do Don’t 6. Work simplification techniques can lighten housekeeping tasks. Do Don’t 7. Leave the bathroom clean as you found it. Do Don’t 8. Clean refrigerators with non-abrasive cloth. Do Don’t 9. Bend from the waist when picking heavy objects from the floor. Do Don’t 10.Clean the downstairs area before the area upstairs. Lesson 4 Simple Home Repairs Once in a while, we call on the services of repairmen such as electricians, plumbers, painters and carpenters to fix the house. But do you know that you can save money if you can do the repairs yourself? Checking for minor defects can be done while housekeeping. Minor home defects such as broken furniture, tiles, jalousies, electrical outlets and leaking faucets can be done by family members to save money from paying repairmen. Home Maintenance 1. House - Preserving the appearance and steadiness of the home requires expenditure. If the family sets aside some savings for home maintenance, the place could last for years. Following are some suggestions: a. House paint is not only for aesthetics. It protects the house from possible damage due to sun and rain exposure and pollution. If money can be set aside, have your house repainted at least every two years. b. Protect your house against pests that could eat up the floors, or plastic pipe connections by having your house treated for termites, ants and other pests. c. Make routine inspections of the house, especially before the rainy season. Look for damaged gutters, leaking roofs, busted pipes, and broken windows to be repaired. 2. Furniture and Appliances - Set a place where children can play away from the living room, since most of the furniture pieces are there. If there is no such place,
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  13 teach your youngerbrother or sister the proper care of the furniture and appliances. In doing so, you are involving them in the care and maintenance of the house. Prevent spills, particularly of liquids or products that can discolor or leave unpleasant odors or other damages. Regular dusting and sweeping will help make furniture look fresh and new. Read the instructions on cleaning products very well before using them. Check for proper installation of electronic appliances. Use the correct voltage, but read the user’s manual before using them. . Common House Repair Work 1. Electrical Appliances. It is not advisable to experiment with electrical appliance repair. This is best left to a skilled repairman. 2. Simple Plumbing such as replacing washers. Use a monkey wrench to loosen the nut. The washer is located at the bottom of the stem. Remove the screw that holds the washer in place. Be careful not to scrap it off. If the screw slot is corroded or partly broken, use the pliers to loosen it. If the screw head is gone, you can move the washer up in order that a part of the screw will be exposed and can be gripped with pliers. Remove the washer from its brass cap. Clean the cap with a brush or knife, and choose a new washer to fit. Choose a hard rubber washer for a snug fit. Be sure that the brass screw is tight and does not loosen or fall off. Knowing your tools and their use 1. screwdriver -used in turning screws on furniture and other fixtures 2. hammer -a driving tool used for striking and pulling out nails 3. saw -a toothed tool for cross cutting the grain of wood 4. pliers -a tool with pivoted jaws used in holding, bending or cutting wires 5. wrench -a tool with a fixed or adjustable jaw used for turning, twisting or gripping objects such as nuts. Activity 6 Try to replace a faucet washer at home then, write the steps you followed in doing the task. Self-check: Write T, if the statement is true, and F, if the statement is false. _______ 1. Paint protects the house from damage due to exposure from sun and rain. _______ 2. The best time to check for leaks on the roof is during rainy days. _______ 3. Protect the house from pests by having the house treated for termites and other pests. _______ 4. The washer is found at the top of the stem.
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  14 _______ 5. Ahammer is a tool used for driving and pulling out nails. I hope you got all the five right! If you got three, then you are good enough to try doing simple repairs at home. If you missed a few items, you may repeat the lesson. LET’S SUMMARIZE A house is a place that provides shelter, protection, relaxation, privacy and opportunities for socialization. It is a place where love, joy, companionship and even sorrows are shared. Design refers to the selection and organization of shapes, colors and textures to create beauty. The principles of design are emphasis, balance, rhythm, proportion and harmony. Knowledge of the principles of design will be useful in designing the different parts of the house. Cleanliness and orderliness of the house may be achieved by dividing tasks into daily, weekly and occasional activities. Work simplification techniques help make housework easy, for it looks into the best way of performing tasks with less effort. Knowledge of home repair can help preserve the house and save the family from expenses. POSTTEST Directions: Read each statement very well then, choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. It is where love, joy, companionship, and even sorrows are shared. a. school c. church b. home d. house 2. It refers to the accessibility of services like the market, schools, and church. a. location c. size b. cost d. bedroom 3. Which of these rooms requires good ventilation? a. bathroom c. dining room b. guest room d. bedroom 4. The following government agencies can help you acquire a house through loans. a. NHA c. MMDA b. PAGIBIG d. GSIS
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  15 5. If yousee a large painting in the living room, which of the following qualities calls attention? a. rhythm c. emphasis b. balance d. harmony 6. When you find two identical side tables beside the sofa, that shows a. harmony c. emphasis b. rhythm d. balance 7. Which piece of furniture would best suit the dining room? a. small tables c. a China cabinet b. lounge chairs d. a bric-a-brac showcase 8. When buying furniture, we should be careful to look into a. the design c. comfort b. the workmanship d. all of the foregoing 9. Following are examples of daily tasks, except a. cooking c. defrosting the refrigerator b. cleaning the house d. dishwashing 10.Which room needs to be well-maintained because it gives guests an impression of the kind of people who live in it? a. kitchen c. bathroom b. living room d. bedroom 11.It is the cleanest place in the house because food preparation takes place there. a. kitchen c. guest room b. family room d. dining room 12.This technique employs the easiest, quickest, and simplest way of performing a task. a. work evaluation c. work habits b. work efficiency d. work simplification 13.Routine house checks are best done while a. cleaning the house c. decorating the house b. moving the furniture d. hanging the curtains 14.A tool used for loosening nuts on leaking faucet. a. screwdriver c. pliers
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  16 b. monkey wrenchd. clamp 15.Knowledge of simple home repair saves the family a lot of a. energy c. money b. time d. all of these By now, you should have made a perfect score. This is the end of Module 2. Take time to relax for a while and have a short break. Be proud of what you have accomplished! You have been an honest, patient, and most of all a hardworking student. Keep it up! It will help you achieve your dreams for the future. After that much needed rest, I am inviting you to move on to the next module. Good luck! ANSWER KEY Pretest / Posttest 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. d 7. c 8. d 9. c 10. b 11. a 12. d 13. a 14. b 15. d Lesson 1: Self-check 1. design 2. size 3. location 4. floor plan 5. loans Lesson 2: Self-check 1. harmony 2. progression
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  17 3. emphasis 4. balance 5.proportion Lesson 3: Self-check 1. Don’t 2. Do 3. Do 4. Don’t 5. Don’t 6. Do 7. Do 8. Do 9. Don’t 10.Don’t Lesson 4: Self-check 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T