Heartland 2050 Winter Summit Enhancing Transportation Demand Management
- 1. PRIMARY INVESTIGATORS: DRS. ANGELA EIKENBERRY & CRAIG MAHER RESEARCH ASSISTANTS: FARRAH GRANT AND JUNGHACK KIM January 2015 ENHANCING TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA AT OMAHA The Costs, Benefits and Challenges of Implementation
- 2. “A university is a diverse community held together by common complaints about parking.” – Clark Kerr, former chancellor of University of California (Toor and Havlick, 2004)
- 3. WHAT IS TDM? Aims to decrease the percentage of commuters who travel by single occupancy vehicles (SOVs) and/or vehicle miles traveled by commuters who use SOVs (Winters, 2000) Alternatives to SOV driving include: biking, walking, public transit, carpooling, vanpooling,
- 4. WHY USE TDM? By 2020-21, UNO will be faced with a shortage of 1,607 spaces if no efforts are made to shift SOV users to other modes (UNO’s Transportation/Parking Master Plan )
- 5. PRIMARY RESEARCH QUESTIONS What has UNO done in relation to TDM and how does it compare to peer and other universities? What strategies have been implemented and why? How is TDM administered and financed? What has been successful and what are the challenges?
- 6. PRIMARY RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are the direct and indirect costs of supporting various modes of transportation at UNO? What is the return on investment of each mode? What strategies and priorities should UNO consider in supporting sustainable transportation options?
- 7. METHODOLOGY Interviews Key stakeholders on campus Representatives of designated, aspirational and local peers Surveys 481 faculty/staff/administrators and 540 students responded as part of Sustainability Master Plan (SMP) Secondary data collection
- 8. TDM AT UNO AND PEER UNIVERSITIES A multi-pronged approach to TDM is being pursued by most of UNO’s university peers and to some degree by UNO. The more advanced peers do so in a planned and holistic manner and in partnership across campus and with partners outside of campus.
- 9. TDM AT UNO AND PEER UNIVERSITIES Approaches that silo parking and transportation from facilities/planning make it difficult or impossible to take a more comprehensive approach to TDM. Leadership from the top can make all the difference in implementing TDM. One person in a key position can also be a major roadblock to implementing TDM.
- 10. MODE SHARE AT UNO 2014 survey data: 67% of UNO students drove alone to campus Higher proportion as compared to peers (UC Denver 60% and Portland State 23%) 83.9% of faculty/staff drove alone to campus Only UNMC was higher (87.3%) 10% of UNO students took transit (compared to 45% at PSU) 2.9% of UNO students biked (compared to 15.9% at UC Boulder)
- 11. COST ESTIMATION Costs Associated With Parking Construction Operating and Maintenance Opportunity/Land Costs Shuttle Service
- 12. COST COMPARISON PER MONTH Parking Surface Lot $204,266 to $319,970 Parking Garage $282,253 to $367,424 Total Costs $486,519 to $687,394 Sustainable Transportation MavRide $13,233 Zimride $1,208 Bicycling University $9,519 Individual $29.16 Guaranteed Ride Home $630.42 Lost Parking Revenue $67,494 to $84,165 Total Costs $92,113 to $108,784 * These estimates are based largely on work done by Verdis (2013) and UNO’s Parking/Transportation M Based on the additional demand for 1,607 stalls
- 13. CALCULATING BENEFITS The benefits of sustainable transportation modes are divided into four sections: Fiscal Health Environment Community Each benefit is derived from the premise that the anticipated 1,607 parking spaces would not need to be built
- 14. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS Investing in sustainable transportation options is cost effective compared to investing in SOV parking. At minimum, benefits of multi-modal options relative to costs are more than 6 to 1. Ratios range from a low of 6.08 to a high of 7.67
- 15. RECOMMENDATIONS & RESULTS Modify the parking fee model to better capture UNO’s associated costs: Monthly parking lot fee is $24.99, whereas the actual cost is between $176 and $229 per month. Monthly parking surface pass at UNO is $20, whereas the associated cost is between $127 and $199 per month.
- 16. The largest return on investment appears to be to greatest for the MavRide program •Spring 2016, ALL students and faculty/staff may use their MavCARD to ride for free Zimride and Guaranteed Ride Home program are now RECOMMENDATIONS & RESULTS
- 17. The most effective strategy is a multi-pronged approach to TDM. Work collaboratively with Metro Transit, the City of Omaha and the Metro Area Planning Agency (MAPA) to promote TDM and a complete streets policy locally and regionally. RECOMMENDATIONS & RESULTS
- 18. FINAL THOUGHTS UNO’s parking “problem” is no more severe than what you find at other urban universities. Given the proportion of SOV use at UNO compared to other universities, there is much room for improvement.
- 19. QUESTIONS? Research funded by the UNO Center for Urban Sustainability