Henry Tudor declared himself King of England and Wales after the Wars of the Roses, taking Elizabeth of York as his wife to unite the houses of York and Lancaster. He faced problems with low funds, lawlessness, and the threat of invasion from Spain. Henry managed to make peace with Spain by marrying his son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon. After Arthur's death, Catherine went on to marry his brother Henry VIII. Henry VIII had six wives and broke with the Catholic Church when the Pope refused him a divorce, establishing the Church of England instead.