Hepatitis

Hepatitis

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  HEPATITIS
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   Condition ofliver inflammation as a result of an injury or infection is called hepatitis.  Common cause is hepatitis virus and other infections, toxic substances and autoimmune diseases Types SPAN OF DISEASE ETIOLOGY INDUCED BY METABOLIC DISORDERS • ACUTE HEPATITIS – less than 6 months •CHRONIC HEPATITIS – greater than 6 months •VIRAL HEPATITIS – Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E,F •ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS- Excess consumption of alcohol •DRUG INDUCED HEPATITIS-consumption of drugs more than recommended dose (paracetamol, herbal products) •HEMOCHROMATOSIS –accumulation of iron •WILSON’S DISEASE - accumulation of iron •ISCHEMIC HEPATITIS- reduced blood to liver •OBSTRUCTIVE HEPATITIS – bile flow obstruction due to bile duct •AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS- Body’s immune system
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  TYPES HEPATITIS AHEPATITIS B HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS D HEPATITIS E Other name Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis E virus Symptoms • Fatigue •Fever •Abdominal pain •Appetite loss •Appetite loss •Fever •Generalized weakness •Dark urine •Jaundice Acute Hepatitis •Appetite loss •Fatigue •Abdominal pain Chronic Hepatitis •Cirrhosis •Ascites •Varices •Hepatic encephalopath y •Mild fever •Jaundice •Dark urine •Joint ache •Nausea, vomiting •Fatigue •Jaundice •Anorexia •Abdominal pain •Nausea, vomiting Transmiss n Fecal - oral Parentral and close contact Parentral and close contact Parentral and close Water borne
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  TYPES HEPATITIS AHEPATITIS B HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS D HEPATITIS E ETIOLOG Y •Contaminat ed food and water •Close contact and sexual intercourse with affected person •Contaminated needle •Mother to infant •Close contact •Blood transfusion •Organ transplantation •Contaminated needle •Blood transfusion •Tattooing •Sexual contact •Sharing personal items •Direct contact with body fluids •Contaminate d drinking water COMPLIC A- TION Sudden loss of liver function •Liver cirrhosis •Liver cancer •Liver failure •Kidney failure •Liver cirrhosis •Liver cancer •Liver failure •Fulminant hepatitis •Chronic hepatitis •Cirrhosis •Hepatocellula r jaundice
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  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITISA Virus enters body via fecal-oral route Virions are secreted into bile and excreted through faeces Reaches the hepatocytes and multiplies Gets absorbed to blood through oropharynx and intestines Continues for 11 days till patient shows symptoms Patient became infectious
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  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITISB Virus enters body Immune system gets activated Produce antibodies T cellsB cells Act against virus’ envelope, nucleocapsid and polymerase region Liver cell damage
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  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITISC Virus enters body Activates B cells Helper T cells activated Cytotoxic T cells activated Specific T-cell receptors activated Produce antibodies Recognise HCV infected cells Lysis of infected cells Liver cell damage
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  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITISD Virus enters body Activates B cells Helper T cells activated Cytotoxic T cells activated Specific T-cell receptors activated Produce antibodies Recognise HCV infected cells Lysis of infected cells Liver cell damage
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  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATITISE Multiplies for 35 days (Incubation period) Virus enters the body Virions and antigen can be detected in faeces and liver Shows symptoms of cholestasis Elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase