Higher Edu and Society in the context of NEP 2020 - Dr JD Singh.pptx

Higher Education and Society
in the Context of NEP 2020
Dr. J D Singh
Associate Professor
G V (PG) College of Education (CTE)
Sangaria-335063, Rajasthan
Email: drjdsingh@gmail.com
Cell: +91 9414577875
A Lecture delivered as an Expert Speaker on 15th Oct. 2024 at 4:00 pm on the subtheme ''Higher Education and Society in the context of
NEP 2020'' in UGC-MMTTP Sponsored Online NEP Orientation and Sensitization Programme at Ramanujan College, University of Delhi.

Presentation Outline
• Preface of NEP 2020
• Five Pillars of Education
• Development of NEP 2020
• Main Goals/ Outcomes of the NEP 2020
• Importance of Higher Education in Society
• Major Transformational Reforms in Higher Education
• Role of higher Education in development of Society
• Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the
context of NEP 2020
• Future Possibilities
• Concluding remarks

Preface of NEP 2020
• National Education Policy 2020 is the third education
policy after independence (First introduced in 1968 &
second in NPE 1986).
• The National Education Policy (NEP) 1968 and 1986
envisaged equity in educational opportunities.
• The NEP 1968 emphasized on restructuring the
educational system, NEP 1986 stressed on the removal
of disparities.
• The recent NEP 2020 seeks to equity and inclusion
through education.
• Education is fundamental for achieving full human
potential, developing an equitable society, and
promoting national development.

Preface of NEP 2020
As we know “Education forms the backbone of a society.”
• New National Education Policy 2020 is a comprehensive
framework to guide the development of education in the
country.
• It is a visionary, ambitious and comprehensive document
which brings about several major reforms in education
system in India. It is not a legal document.
• New Education Policy shifts focus from 'what to think' to
'how to think‘ critically and solving problems.
• It’s vision to develop more vibrant socially conscious,
innovative, knowledgeable, prosperous and skilled
nation.

Five Pillars of Education
The five guiding pillars of the new National Education
Policy 2020 are-
1. Accessibility
2. Equity
3. Quality
4. Affordability
5. Accountability.
It will prepare our youth to meet the diverse national and
global challenges of the present and future society.

NEP 2020 built on various Recommendations
The NEP 2020 builds on recommendations of
• Education Policy (1968) based on Kothari
Commission (1964–66)
• Justice J. S. Verma Commission (2012)
• National Policy on Education 1986, modified in 1992
(NPE 1986/92)
• Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education
Act, 2009 and
• Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPWD) Act, 2016.

Goals of the NEP 2020
The NEP 2020 aims to:
• Make ‘India a global knowledge superpower’.
• Reform the education system in schools and higher
education
• ‘Radical restructuring' of India's educational system and
equalizing opportunities for all
• Promote multilingualism can help preserve cultural
heritage, enhance cognitive abilities and improve
communication skills.
• Enhance the quality of education and research in India
• Enhance creativity and critical thinking to encourage
logical decision-making and innovation

The NEP 2020 aims to:
• Develop a society by providing quality higher education
that prepares students to be well-rounded, creative, and
productive members of society.
• Create a global hub of skilled manpower in India.
• Establish India as a hub for international education.
• The Policy says, ‘Over 85% of a child's cumulative brain
development occurs prior to the age of 6’, which
emphasizes the necessity of providing the brain with the
right care and stimulation in the early years to promote a
child's holistic development.
• 360 degree Holistic Progress Card that is designed to provide
a multidimensional view of a child's growth and uniqueness.

• Increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in education
• Enhance extensive use of technology in teaching and
learning
• Produce socially engaged, productive and contributing
citizens for building an equitable, inclusive, and plural
society as envisaged by our Constitution.
(Country first as per John F Kennedy (1961),"Ask not what
your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your
country ...)
• Moto of Policy - To Educate, Encourage and Enlighten the
citizens
• The aim of the policy is to prepare the children of India with
21st century skills.

Development of NEP 2020
 Process started from January 2015.
The Committee was constituted under the Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) in October, 2015.
 ISRO scientist and Chairman, Dr. K. Kasturirangan was the
chairman of the NEP Committee and He submitted its Draft
report on 31 May, 2019.
NEP draft uploaded for online suggestions : www.MyGov.in
(26.01.2015 – 31.10.2015)
More than 2 lacs suggestions, NEP Draft Prepared again
Draft NEP, 2019 Summary in 22 languages/Audio Book
The new National Education Policy (NEP) 2020,
released and dedicated to the nation on 29 July 2020.

Expected Outcomes of the NEP 2020
Bring Back 2 Crore Out of School Children.
Building character & creating holistic and well-rounded
individuals by nurturing all aspects of their growth,
including their physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and
moral dimensions.
To increase the public investment in Education sector to
reach 6% of gross domestic product (GDP) at the earliest
(2.9% of GDP in 2022-23). While Global average is 4.9%.
To achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to
secondary level by 2030 (79.5% in 2022 at Secondary Level).
To achieve 50% GER in Higher education including
vocational education by 2035.

Expected Outcomes of the NEP 2020
By 2040, all higher education institutions (HEIs) shall
aim to become multidisciplinary institutions, each of
which will aim to have 3,000 or more students.
To pave the way to transform India into a
"knowledge-based economy".
A knowledge economy is an economy in which the
production of goods and services is based primarily
upon knowledge-intensive activities.
Knowledge-intensive activities (KIAs) are activities
that rely on knowledge and are a key part of
innovation.

Importance of Higher Education in Society
• Higher education plays a crucial role in society by contributing
to economic growth, social progress, and overall quality of life.
• It provides individuals with the skills and qualifications that
are valued by employers and society, allowing them to secure
employment and higher earnings.
• Higher education helps individuals develop social and
emotional skills, leading to increased social capital and social
cohesion.
• It broadens people's perspectives, improves competitiveness
and innovation, and encourages entrepreneurship and
technical advancement.
• Higher education also has non-economic contributions, such
as the transmission, transformation, and creation of
knowledge, skills, norms, values and social status.

Importance of Higher Education in Society
• Education is an agent for social change, economic
development, and poverty control that meets the
various social, physical, economic, intellectual,
and emotional needs and conditions.
• Knowledge of science and rational practice of
scientific thinking are essential components of a
fully functioning democracy.
• Scientific and rational education is an essential
tool for solving problems like communalism,
fundamentalism, and nation-building.

Relationship between Higher Education & Society
• Education and society are interconnected and
interdependent.
• The relationship between education and society is
complex and multifactorial, with dynamic problems
and contradictions.
• Education satisfies social needs and contributes to
the reproduction and development of society.
• Higher education is important in society as it provides
young people with advanced skills for the knowledge
economy, improves employability and earnings, and
helps develop social and emotional skills for effective
citizenship.

Key Features/ Reforms in Education
• Curriculum to integrate 21st
Century Skills,
Mathematical Thinking and Scientific temper.
• No Rigid Separation between Arts & Sciences, between
Curricular and extra-Curricular activities, between
Vocational and Academic streams.
• Children with disabilities will be enabled to fully
participate in the regular schooling process from the
foundational stage to higher education.
• From summative assessments to Regular and formative
assessment system, i.e. ‘assessment for learning’.
• Combined Progress report card will be prepared by Teacher
+ Peers + self.
• No any extra duties except election duty.

Key Features/ Reforms in Higher Education
• The present complex nomenclature of HEIs in the
country such as ‘deemed to be university’, ‘affiliating
university’, ‘affiliating technical university’, ‘unitary
university’ shall be replaced simply by ‘University’.
• Single Regulator as Higher Education Commission
of India (HECI) except Medical and Legal education
• The four structures will be set up as four
independent verticals under HECI-
1. National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC)
2. National Accreditation Council (NAC)
3. Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC)
4. General Education Council (GEC)

• Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education - Flexibility
of Subjects
• UG Program - 3 or 4 year duration, with multiple
Entry / Exit options.
1. After completing 1 year – Certificate
2. After completing 2 years – Diploma
3. After completing 3 years – Bachelor’s Degree
4. After 4 years – Bachelor’s Degree in Research
• PG Program – 1 or 2 year
• Integrated 5 year Bachelor’s / Master’s (dual
degrees)
• M. Phil. to be discontinued
• Credit Transfer and Academic Bank of Credits (ABC)

• Three Types of HEIs : Research Intensive Univ.
(RUs)/ Teaching Intensive Universities (TUs)/ and
Autonomous Degree Granting Colleges (ACs)
• Model public universities for holistic and
multidisciplinary education, at par with IITs, IIMs,
etc., called MERUs (Multidisciplinary Education and
Research Universities) will be set up.
• Graded Autonomy : Academic, Administrative &
Financial
• Single-stream higher education institutions will be
phased out over time, and all will move towards
becoming multidisciplinary.

• The system of ‘affiliated colleges’ will be gradually
phased out in 15 years.
• On-line Self Disclosure based Transparent System for
Approvals in place of ‘Inspections’.
• Common Norms for Public and Private HEIs
• A ‘light but tight’ regulatory framework to ensure
integrity, transparency, and resource efficiency of the
educational system.
• Top 100 universities in the world will be facilitated to
operate in India.
• High performing Indian universities will be encouraged
to set up campuses in other countries.

• Higher education institutions shall move away from
high-stakes examinations towards continuous and
comprehensive evaluation (CCE).
• Establishment of a National Research Foundation
(NRF) to fund outstanding peer-reviewed research and
to actively seed research in universities and colleges.
• Special Education Zone for Disadvantaged Regions
• Establishment of National Institute for Pali, Persian
and Prakrit languages
• Integration of Vocational, Teacher and Professional
Education

• In every education institution, there shall be
counseling systems for handling stress and
emotional adjustments.
• National Educational Technology Forum (NETF)/
Online assessment and examinations.
• NTA to offer Common Entrance Exam for Admission
to HEIs. But It will not be mandatory.

Key Features/ Reforms in Teacher Education
• Provision of 4 years Integrated B.Ed. – after 12th class
• As per the new policy, by 2030, the minimum degree
required for teaching will be a four-year integrated
BEd. Course as B.A.B.Ed or B.Sc.B.Ed.
• For subject teachers, suitable TET or NTA test scores in
the corresponding subjects will also be taken into
account for recruitment. It will not be mandatory.
• The Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) will also be changed as
per the new school system.
• Teacher Eligibility Tests (TETs) will also be extended to
cover teachers across all stages.
• Classroom demo/ interview will become an integral
part of teacher’s job.

• A new and comprehensive National Curriculum
Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE) will be
prepared by the National Council of Teacher Education
by 2021, in consultation with the NCERT.
• Teachers’ professional autonomy will be restored.
• A common guiding set of National Professional
Standards for Teachers (NPST) will be developed by
2022, by the NCTE.
• A comprehensive ‘merit-based structure of tenure
promotion, and salary structure’ will be developed.
• The policy also envisages that teacher education will be
gradually moved to multidisciplinary colleges and
universities by 2030.

• Two years B.Ed. Course – after Graduation
• One year B.Ed. Course – after Post Graduation
(Presently , no any college of one year course in India)

Key Reforms in Technological uses
• Extensive use of technology in teaching and learning.
• A national repository of high-quality resources on
foundational literacy and numeracy will be made
available on the Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge
Sharing (DIKSHA).
• The use of technology platforms such as SWAYAM/
DIKSHA for online training of teachers will be
encouraged, so that standardized training programmes
can be administered to large numbers of teachers
within a short span of time.
• Technical and vocational education will become part
of the larger vision of holistic education.

Integration of Emerging Technology Courses in HE
Top emerging Skill development Courses –
• Artificial Intelligence and machine learning (Robotics)
• IT and digital skills
• Data Analysis and interpretation
• Cloud computing
• Digital marketing
• Cyber security
• Software development
• Business development
• Internet of Things (IOT)
• 3D Printing
• Genetic Engineering

Key Reforms in Technological uses
A rich variety of educational software will be developed and made
available for students and teachers at all levels.
• The massive open online courses (MOOCs)
• Divyang friendly educational software
• Virtual Labs
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) - AI chatbot can communicate with
students as a teaching assistant.
• Modern educators are using voice assistants in the offline
environments. Alexa (Amazon), Home (Google), Siri (Apple), and
Cortana (Microsoft) are few of best assistants.
• Speech recognition and machine vision
– expert systems, Learning, Planning, Problem solving
It is pertinent to mention that (AI) is poised to become the next big
information revolution.

Key Reforms in Technological Area
• As we know that the New Education Policy allows
students to choose coding from class 6th onwards.
• ID Card of an Academic Bank of Credit (ABC) shall be
compulsory from 2023-24 in higher education which
would digitally store the academic credits earned.
• Teaching-learning e-content will continue to be
developed by all States in all regional languages and will
be uploaded onto the National Teacher’s Portal.
• Focus on different effective models of blended learning

Other Key Areas
• Focus on Literature & Scientific Vocabulary of Indian
Languages
• NIOS will develop high-quality modules to teach Indian
Sign Language (ISL), and to teach other basic subjects
using Indian Sign Language
• Strengthening National Institutes for promotion of
Classical Languages & Literature
• Setting up of an Indian Institute of Translation and
Interpretation (IITI)
• Promoting Traditional Arts / Lok Vidya
• Cultural Awareness of our Indian Knowledge Systems
• Option of choosing Sanskrit as a language at all levels
of school and higher education.

Role of higher Education in development of Society
• Education enlightens the path of an individual through the
walk of life by bridging cultural, social and regional divides
and building a peaceful society.
As we read a Sloka of Bhagavad-Geeta,
• 'धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे' श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता के पहले अध्याय के पहले श्लोक का पहला शब्द है।
• वैदिक संस्कृति का केंद्र और यज्ञादि धर्ममय कार्य होने से तथा राजा कुरु की
तपस्याभूमि होने से इसको धर्मभूमि कुरुक्षेत्र कहा गया है।
• So, we should fight for the preservation of the Dharma
and Values. The Bhagavad-Gita is the eternal message of
spiritual wisdom from ancient India. 'Work is worship' is
a message that states that every kind of work we do
must be respected and valued.

Higher education plays a vital role in the development of
society in many ways, including
• Social development : Higher education prepares
students to be responsible citizens who value a
democratic and pluralistic society. It also promotes
diversity and exposes students to a wide range of ideas
and perspectives.
• Economic development : Higher education is a key
investment in human capital, which is the knowledge,
skills, and experience of a country's workforce. Higher
education graduates are more likely to be aware of and
able to use new technologies, which helps economies
keep up with the world.

• Cultural enrichment : Colleges and universities often serve as cultural
centers, promoting diversity and contributing to a more culturally
enriched society.
• Personal development : Higher education can help expand a person's
intellectual horizons, wellbeing, and potential for empowerment.
• Lifelong learning : Higher education prepares students for lifelong
learning and certifies them for work and further study.
• Creating equal opportunities : Higher education opens pathways of
opportunity for individuals to reach their full potential.
• Innovation and research : Higher education institutions play a central
role in the advancement of societies and economies through research
and innovation.
• Emotional development : Developing decision-making skills, self-
esteem, empathy, gender identity etc. are the components which
heavily influence wellbeing of a person.

• Modernize the higher education system: The policy
aims to modernize the higher education system
through multidisciplinary education, institutional
autonomy, and the promotion of quality research.
• Internationalize higher education: The policy aims to
internationalize higher education.
• Integrate technology: The policy aims to integrate
technology into higher education.
• Provide content in Indian languages: The policy aims
to provide content in Indian languages.

• Promote social responsibility: The policy aims to
produce citizens who are engaged, productive, and
contributing to an equitable and inclusive society.
• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to
improve higher education in India to promote
human development and social development.
• The policy aims to prepare students for meaningful
work roles and lives, and to enable economic
independence.
• Provide quality education

• The NEP 2020 –
• promotes multidisciplinary education, which allows
students to study multiple areas of interest.
• promotes research through the establishment of the
National Research Foundation.
• emphasizes the importance of continuous professional
development for teachers.
• promotes the integration of technology into the
education system.

Budget 2024-25 focuses on employment, skilling, MSME's and
middle class.
9 priorities for generating ample opportunities for all.
• Productivity and resilience in Agriculture
• Employment & Skilling
• Inclusive Human Resource Development and Social Justice
• Manufacturing & Services
• Urban Development
• Energy Security
• Infrastructure
• Innovation, Research & Development and
• Next Generation Reforms

• The NEP 2020 is expected to have a positive impact on the
education system and make India a global hub of skilled
manpower.
• Education can work towards world peace, human
development, scientific knowledge, entrepreneurship and
economic growth.
• Education is about teaching and nurturing young minds; it is
responsible for the development of human civilization.
• Education and societal change are reciprocal.
• Education nurtures knowledge, skill sets, values, morals and
principles in a child, which shapes their social wellbeing.
Conversely, a change in social structure brings changes in the
structure, content and technique of delivering education.

Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of NEP 2020
• Investing in training programs for teachers
• Developing high-quality educational resources
• Translating existing materials into regional languages
• Emphasizing communication skills in both English and
the chosen regional language
• Access and equity: There is a lack of access to higher
education for the economically disadvantaged.
• Quality education: There are challenges in providing
quality education in rural and remote areas.
• Lack of road map: There is no uniform comprehensive
road map and implementation strategy for NEP.

The National Education Policy 2020 faces many challenges in
its implementation, including –
• Insufficient recruitment of faculty in the Colleges and
universities
• Due to Shortage of teachers at higher level (around 40%),
It’s a very challenging task to implement NEP provisions.
• According to a report of Sept. 2024, there is no principal
(70%) in 444 government colleges out of 631 in Rajasthan.
• Inadequate infrastructure
• Lack of funds/ resources
• Gender discrimination
• Resistance to change in the system

Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the context of
NEP 2020
• More expensive education - Due to financial
autonomy, higher education will become costlier.
• Lack of multidisciplinary knowledge
• Lack of Consensus between center and states
• Existence of two year B.Ed. & D.El.Ed. Course
• To make the students digital smart by opting for the
courses available on MOOCs and SWAYAM
• Second Highest Tax on education in India (18%)
(While Tax free education is in England)

• To achieve 50% GER in Higher education including
vocational education by 2035 (27.3% in 2021 & 28.4% in
2024) while world GER in HE average is 40%).
• Rigid separation between streams
• Low standard of undergraduate education with no
standing in the international arena
• Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) has not
yet been established in India
• Lack of co-ordination in the higher education system
• Absence of focus on building life skills and vocational
training
• To strengthen the industry-institute interaction

Issues and Challenges of Societal development in the
context of NEP 2020
Academic & Research Development
• Establishment of Multidisciplinary Education &
Research universities (MERUs) in private sector is
an industry of making money (most of them).
Providing education is second option for them.
• 1.5 lacs Ph.D. degree awarded in 2022 (mostly
doubtful)
• To enhance the quality of academic and sponsored
research is very difficult without sufficient budget.
• Lack of monitoring and evaluation: There is a lack of
a clear mechanism to assess the policy's progress.

• India contributes to the global workforce is only
marginal (shortage of skilled workers). According to
the 2020 Human Development Report (HDR), 21.2% of
India's labor force is skilled.
• Other countries, such as UK (68%), Germany (75%),
the USA (52%), Japan (80%), and South Korea (96%).
• A study conducted by the National Skill Development
Corporation (NSDC) has revealed a significant gap
between the demand and supply of skilled workers in
India. The demand for skilled workers is 10.3 crore,
while the current supply stands at just 7.4 crore.

The government has been working to improve skilling
and employment opportunities, including:
• Launching the Skill India Digital platform to help with
skilling, education, employment & entrepreneurship.
• Announcing a new scheme in the Union Budget 2024-
25 to skill 20 lakh youth and upgrade 1,000 Industrial
Training Institutes (ITIs).
• In 2024, the percentage of employable students in
India is estimated to be 51.3%, up from 33.9% in
2014. It means speed is not mark able.

• The estimated budget for education is Rs 1,25,638
crore for 2024-25.
• Reduced funding for higher education
• The budget allocated Rs 47,620 crore for the
Department of Higher Education, which is a 17%
decrease from the previous year.
• Investment 6% of GDP (currently 2.5 % in 2024-25).
While Global average is 4.9%. The 2024-25 budget
for education in India is a 7% decrease from the
previous year (2.9%).

Issues and Challenges of Societal development in
the context of NEP 2020
• Research and development (R&D) is the most important
department of an organisation.
• Establishment of National Research Foundation (NRF)
• Budget 2024-25 of research and development (R&D) is
among lowest in the world (0.64%).
• While China (2.4%), Germany (3.1%), USA (3.5%), South
Korea (4.8%) etc.
• The UGC's budget was reduced almost 61% in the 2024-25
Union Budget, dropping from Rs 6,409 crore to Rs 2,500
crore, which is expected to impact projects and initiatives
related to higher education, such as scholarships,
research, and infrastructure.

Issues and Challenges of Societal development in
the context of NEP 2020
• Teaching in the mother tongue: India has 22 official
languages and many dialects, so adapting curriculum
materials to be taught in the mother tongue can be
difficult.
• Digital divide: The NEP emphasizes digitization, but
only about 30% of India's population can afford a
smartphone, and even fewer have access to computers.
• India Skills Report 2024 edition highlights the theme of
“Impact of AI on the Future of Work, Skilling, and
Mobility” within the context of digital disruption in
education, industry and skilling.

Future Possibilities
The NEP 2020 is expected to have a positive impact on
India's education system and society in several ways,
including:
• Holistic Development : Achieving global well-being requires
a holistic approach that prioritizes both human rights and
sustainable development.
• Inclusive and equitable education
• Quality education : It aims to create a life-changing
experience that builds character and Global citizenship.
• Skilled manpower : NEP 2020 is expected to make India a
global hub of skilled manpower.
It acknowledges that higher education goes beyond academics
and aims to nurture well-rounded personality.

Concluding remarks
So, Higher education plays a crucial role in society
by contributing to economic growth, social progress, and
overall quality of life.
• A good education system can mould society in a better way.
• It is a powerful instrument to bring about social revolution.
• It leads to the holistic development of an individual.
• It can identify problems and their solutions for the
betterment of human beings.
• It provides individuals with the skills and qualifications that
are valued by employers and society, allowing them to secure
employment and higher earnings.

Concluding remarks
• The recent NEP 2020 seeks equity and inclusion through
education.
• Education produces social justice in the future as well as being a
benefit to young people in the present.
• New National Education Policy, 2020 certainly lays down the
path of scientific temper and critical thinking in the students for
making independent India in the 21st
century. Its success,
however, lies in its effective implementation.
• In conclusion, the NEP 2020 appears to be truly visionary and
comprehensive.
• Now we have to discuss these challenging issues at this platform
of intellectuals to implement the new National education policy
2020 and I hope this deliberation will fruitful & successful.

Higher Edu and Society in the context of NEP 2020 - Dr JD Singh.pptx

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Higher Edu and Society in the context of NEP 2020 - Dr JD Singh.pptx