Higher Education and Globalization

Higher Education and
Globalization:
An Integrative Report
By Tereso S. Tuallo, Jr.
Arvin M. Montiveros
MAT-SS

Introduction
Globalization is described as a complex
process of creating worldwide networks of
capital, technology, and information made
possible through enhanced competition,
stronger interconnection and greater
interdependence.

Introduction
By compressing the time-space dimension
(Harvey, 1989), globalization created
environments functioning in real-time
across the globe (Ohmae, 1990).
Globalization has affected all aspects of
human life.

Introduction
In politics, it continues to threaten the
legitimacy and influence of the nation-state
(Held, et al.,1990).
In economics, it has deepened and
expanded global trade.
It has also exposed the global village to
systematic risks associated with the
integration of the world economy.

Introduction
From a sociological perspective,
globalization has established a veritable
global civil society by galvanizing and
linking various national non-governmental
organizations on common issues of public
action to counter the effects of
globalization on various aspects of society
(Brunner, 2011).

Introduction
In the cultural sphere, the establishment of
global communication industries has
threatened national values and traditions
through the emergence of multiethnic and
multicultural societies towards a global
culture (Brunner, 2011).

Forces of Globalization
Globalization through international trade
agreements
Nations have recognized the inevitability
of economic globalization and have
subjected themselves to the disciplines of
trade agreements to reap the benefits of an
integrated world market despite its social
costs.

Global trade has also expanded because of
international agreements that meant to
reduce, if not remove trade barriers.

Expansion of knowledge and shift towards
a knowledge-based economy
The rapid growth and structural
transformation of developed economies
have been attributed to an increasing share
of the services sector.
A large portion of the services sector is
dependent on skilled professionals and the
utilization of knowledge.

Explosion of information and
communications technology
Knowledge is not only expanding
exponentially, it is now easily accessible
across the globe due to the rapid
developments in ICT.

The advances in telecommunications and
information technology have facilitated the
delivery of educational services across
national boundaries.

The Impact of Globalization on Higher
Education
The globalization process has affected the
enrollment, governance structure,
functions, roles, and delivery of higher
education across nations..

Enrollment
With the expansion in educational access,
the number of learners around the world is
projected to increase further and reach 159
million by the year 2025.
The demand for skilled workers in
knowledge-based industries has boosted
the demand for post secondary education.
Education

Governance structure
Universities will have to change their
governance structure to give way to
multidisciplinal and interdisciplinal modes
of interaction in instruction and research.
Formation of research teams composed of
individuals coming from various
disciplines.
Education

Governance structure
The benefits and costs of
internationalization of education can be
viewed in terms of its impact on the:
Inputs of education
Outputs of education
Education

Functions and roles
Changing pattern in training needs to suit the
increasing demand of a knowledge-based economy
for skilled workers
The need for retraining programs after graduation
through continuing education
Reinventing HEIs to compete with institutions that
provide distance learning, corporate universities,
academic brokers and other new service providers
(Salmi, 2000).
Education

Delivery of higher education
The problem of information overload is
apparently replacing the problems of
shortage of information or slowness of its
delivery in the past, influencing how higher
education is now being delivered.
Education

With the developments in ICT, other
modes of delivery have emerged including:
 Branch campuses
 Franchises
 Articulation
 Twinning
 Corporate program
Education
 Distance education
 Study abroad
programs
(Lenn, 2001)

Opening the educational sector of
countries in the ASEAN region may also
contribute to the growing external
pressures for the Philippines to evaluate
the reasons why these countries
considered the liberalization of their
educational services.
Education

The pressure for globalization in the
educational sector is not only coming from
external forces but also from internal factors.
It is crucial that developing countries, like the
Philippines, invest heavily in education in
order to improve productivity and enhance
their growth potentials.
Education

Widening the educational divide
The impact of globalization on education in
developing countries becomes more
pronounced by widening the knowledge gap
brought about by technological divide.
Select universities participate in global
education while the technologically
handicapped institutions remain isolated and
stagnant.
Education

Widening the educational divide
With the liberalization in the movement of
persons, particularly highly skilled workers,
developing countries will be confronted with
brain drain and low educational quality
brought about by globalization and the
movement of professions and highly skilled
workers.
Education

With the enhancement of quality and further
improvement in processes and access to
education , HEIs may reap the tremendous
opportunities offered by globalization and
counter its accompanying enormous threats.
The issue of quality assurance , its
sustainability and development in the
context of a globalized environment in higher
education, need to be studied carefully.
Conclusion

Government policies pertaining to the
provision of educational services and
movement of professionals should focus on
developmental activities rather than purely
regulatory.
Policies should be meant to improve
professionals’ competence.
Conclusion

Studies should be expanded to continuously
improve the quality of educational services.
Benchmarking, accreditation, continuing education and
curriculum revision
Conclusion

Higher Education and Globalization

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