History of Computer Animation
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1) Hummingbird 1967 was an early computer animated short film featuring a computer generated animated hummingbird that displayed appropriate movements programmed into the computer. 2) Kitty 1968 was another early computer animation created by Russian mathematicians and physicists featuring a mathematical model of a moving cat generated by a computer. 3) Metadata 1971 was an experimental 2D animated short that used one of the first key frame animation software created by Nestor Burtnyk and Marceli Wein.
![Tron 1983
First extensive use (15 min. fully computer
generated) of 3D CGI including the famous Light
Cycle sequence.[17] Also includes very early
facial animation.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computeranimation-180912033206/85/History-of-Computer-Animation-12-320.jpg)
History of Computer Animation
- 2. Hummingbird 1967 A ten minute computer animated film by Charles Csuri and James Shaffer. Awarded a prize at the 4th International Experimental Film Competition, Brussels, Belgium, 1967 and in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. The subject was a line drawing of a hummingbird for which a sequence of movements appropriate to the bird were programmed. Over 30,000 images comprising some 25 motion sequences were generated by the computer
- 3. Kitty 1968 A group of Russian mathematicians and physicists headed by N. Konstantinov created a mathematical model of a moving cat. A program was made for the computer BESM-4. The computer then printed hundreds of frames to be later converted to film
- 4. Metadata 1971 An experimental 2D animated short by Peter Foldes drawn on a data tablet, who used the world's first key frame animation software, invented by Nestor Burtnyk and Marceli Wein.
- 5. A Computer Animated Hand 1972 Produced by Ed Catmull, the short demonstrates a computer animated hand, as well as human faces. The film was inducted into the National Film Registry in 2011.
- 6. Westworld 1973 First use of 2D computer animation in a significant entertainment feature film. The point of view of Yul Brynner's gunslinger was achieved with raster graphics.
- 7. Futureworld 1976 First use of 3D computer graphics for animated hand and face. Used 2D digital compositing to materialize characters over a background
- 8. Starwars 1977 Used an animated 3D wire-frame graphic for the trench run briefing sequence.
- 9. Superman 1978 First film with a computer-generated title sequence
- 10. Looker 1981 First CGI human character, Cindy. Also, first use of 3D shaded CGI.
- 11. Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan 1982 "Genesis Effect", first use of fractal-generated landscape in a film.
- 12. Tron 1983 First extensive use (15 min. fully computer generated) of 3D CGI including the famous Light Cycle sequence.[17] Also includes very early facial animation.
- 13. The Last Starfighter 1984 Uses CGI for all spaceship shots, replacing traditional models. First use of 'integrated CGI' where the effects are supposed to represent real world objects
- 14. Dire Straits - Money for Nothing 1985 The first computer-generated music video.
- 15. Willow 1988 First photorealistic use of morphing effect in a feature film.
- 16. Terminator 2: Judgment Day 1991 First realistic human movements on a CGI character. The first partially computer-generated main character and the first blockbuster movie to feature multiple morphing effects. First use of a personal computer to create major movie 3D effects.
- 17. Toy Story 1995 First CGI feature-length animation.