History of dental ceramics
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The document discusses the history of dental ceramics from the 18th century to present day. Some of the key events include Nicholas Dubois de Chemant making the first porcelain dentures in 1774, Charles Land introducing feldspathic porcelain inlays and crowns in 1886, and the introduction of CEREC technology in 1987 which allowed for computer-aided design and milling of dental restorations from ceramic blocks. The document also covers the development of different types of dental ceramics including glass-based, particle-filled, and polycrystalline ceramics, as well as their current uses in applications like veneers, crowns, bridges, implants and more.
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History of dental ceramics
- 1. History of Dental Ceramics By Mohamed Mahmoud Abdul-Monem
- 2. • Candidate materials for artifical teeth during the 18th century : • 1)Human teeth • 2)Animal teeth • 3)Ivory • 4)Porcelain
- 3. • Human teeth became scarce and expensive. • Animal teeth were unstable in the corrosive agents in saliva . • Elephant ivory contained pores that stained easily . • Hippopotamus ivory was more desirable.
- 4. John Greenwood (1789) carved teeth from hippo ivory for complete dentures he made for George Washington.
- 5. In 1774 A.D ,French dentist Nicholas Dubois de Chemant and his assistant Alexis Duchateau made the first successful porcelain dentures for Duchateau being tired of his stained and malodorous ivory denture.
- 6. • Dubois continuously improved porcelain formulations and was awarded French and British patents. • In 1808 A.D,individually formed porcelain teeth that contained platinum pins were produced in Paris by Giuseppangleo Fonzi
- 7. • In 1879 A.D ,C.M Richmond resolved the retention problem encountered between porcelain crowns and posts commonly made of wood by fusing porcelain to a platinum post (Richmond crown)
- 8. • In 1882 A.D ,glass inlays were introduced by Herbst with crushed glass frit fired in molds made of plaster and asbestos.
- 9. • In 1886 ,Charles Land introduced the first feldspathic porcelain inlays and crowns by combining burnished platinum foil as a substructure with high controlled heat of a gas furnace . • 1903,Charles Land patened first ceramic crowns (all porcelain jacket crowns)
- 10. • A noteworthy development occurred in the 1950s with addition of leucite to porcelain that elevated COTE to allow their fusion to certain gold alloys to form crowns and bridges by Abraham Weinstein • 1963 , Vita Zahnfabrik introduced the first commercial porcelain intended for PFMs.
- 11. • In 1980s , a shrink free all-ceramic crown system and a castable glass cermaic system were introduced and lead to a new interest in all-ceramic restorations.
- 12. • In 1987, Mormann and Brandestini introduced a prototype machine that would capture a 3-D image of a prepared tooth. • They used 3-D design software to develop a proposed restoration and then directed the computer-aided milling of inlays and onlays from solid blocks of aesthetic, filled-glass ceramics (CEREC I)
- 14. • In-ceram Alumina was first introduced in 1989, and was the first all-ceramic system available for single unit restorations and 3-unit anterior FPDs.
- 15. • IPS e.max Press® (Ivoclar Vivadent), which was introduced in 2005.
- 16. IPS Empress CAD
- 17. IPS emax ZirCAD
- 18. Year Dentist Achievement 1774 A.D Nicholas Dubois de Chemant First porcelain dentures 1808 Giuseppangleo Fonzi Porcelain teeth with platinum pins 1879 C.M Richmond Richmond Crown 1882 Herbest Glass inlays 1886 Charles Land Porcelain inlays and crowns 1903 Charles land All porcelain “jacket” crowns 1950s Abraham Weinstein Addition of leucite to porcelain 1963 Vita Zahnfabrik First commercially available porcelain for PFM 1980S Shrink free all ceramics Castable glass ceramics 1987 Mormann and Brandestini CEREC 1 1989 Vita IN Ceram Alumina 1997 Sirona CEREC 2 2000 Sirona CEREC 3 2005 Ivoclar Vivadent IPS emax Press
- 19. Dental ceramics • Predominantly glass materials • Particle filled glasses • Polycrystalline ceramics
- 20. Predominantly glass ceramics • Mimic optical properties of enamel and dentin • No regular pattern(amorphous) • Feldspar +silica+alumina
- 21. Particle filled glass Filler particles are added to the base glass composition to improve mechanical properties and to control optical effects such as opalescence, color, and opacity. Examples : • Leucite • alumina
- 22. Polycrystalline ceramics • Polycrystalline ceramics have no glassy components; all of the atoms are densely packed into regular arrays that are much more difficult to drive a crack through than atoms in the less dense and irregular network found in glasses. • polycrystalline ceramics are generally much tougher and stronger than glassy ceramics.
- 25. Uses of Dental ceramics • Veneers • Crowns • Bridges • Inlays • Onlays • Posts and cores • Orthodontic brackets • Implants • Denture teeth
- 29. References • J R Kelly, P Benetti . Ceramic materials in dentistry: Historical evolution and current practice . Australian Dental Journal .2011;56:84-96 • J R kelly et al.Ceramics in dentistry:Historical roots and current prespectives .Journal of prosthetic dentistry.1996;75:18-32
- 30. Thank You