History of Poverty

History of Poverty

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  The recent historyofPoverty20th and the early of 21stcenturyBy Marina Mamdouh Riad
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  This presentation willcover the following points: Definition of poverty.
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  Kinds ofPoverty.
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  Causes ofpoverty.
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  Some populationinformation about the following continents in the last 5 decades ( The most continents suffers from poverty):
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  Africa
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  Asia
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  Latin America
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  Some countriesof each of the previous continents as examples.References: wikipedia.com
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  UN statistics, maps and documentations.
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  A History ofWealth and Poverty (Why a Few Nations are Rich and Many Poor) by John P. Powelson.
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  Ministries ofpopulation in Egypt and India.
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  Historical Statistics forthe World Economy: 1-2003 AD (Copyright Angus Maddison) an Excel file.The definition of povertyThe poverty occurs when a person or group of people suffers from the lack of the essential resources for minimum standards of well-being and life. Like material resources Food
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  Safe drinking waterorthey may be social resources access to information
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  Education
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  health care
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  Shelter
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  Social status
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  Political powerKindsof povertyAbsolute poverty:It is measured by thing called poverty line which is the minimum level of income in a given country. The official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries. The common international poverty line has been roughly $1 a day.Relative poverty :It is the condition of having fewer resources or less income than others within a society or country, or compared to worldwide averages.
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  Causes of povertyTheindustrial revolution in 19th century made the cost of living rises.Overpopulation and lack of access to birth control methods.Corruption, weak rule of law.Lack of work opportunities that will cause the talent people drives away leading to brain drains.Poor health and education that affects passively on the productivity.War and political instability.
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  Population information ofAfrica Total population in 1950 was 228.181 millions.
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  Total population in2008 was 950.541 millions.
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  The averageof population growth per decade ( 1950 to 2008 ) is 120.557 millions.
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  In 2006,34 of the 50 nations on the UN list of least developed countries are in Africa. Egypt and poverty Egypt population is 77.42 millions due to 2009 estimate.
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  In 1996,Human Development Report showed that around 13.7 million Egyptians live below the poverty line or 22.9% of population.
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  Living standardsin Egypt are low by international standards, and have declined consistently since 1990.
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  According to1996 estimate, the wealthiest 20 percent of Egyptians controlled 39 percent of the country's wealth, while the poorest 20 percent controlled only 9.8 percent of wealth.Population information of Asia In 1950, total population was 1.382 billion.
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  In 2008,total population is 3.949 billions.
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  The averageof population growth per decade ( 1950-2008 ) is 427.74 millions.India and poverty The population is 1.198 billion due to 2009 estimate.
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  The WorldBank estimates that 456 million Indians (42% of the total Indian population) now live under the global poverty line . The ratio is reduced since the ratio was 60% in 1980.
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  In 1951,47% of India's rural population was below the poverty line. The proportion went up to 64% in 1954-55; it came down to 45% in 1960-61 but in 1977-78, it went up again to 51%.China and poverty The population is 1,345 billion due to 2009 estimate.
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  Since the economyrevolution that happened in the late 1970s, a remarkable increase in per capita income and a decline in the poverty is noticed rate from 64% at the beginning of reform to 10% in 2004.
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  China hasbeen the most rapidly growing economy in the world over the past 25 years.China and poverty (cont.) But there is a problem Income inequality has risen, there is a rural-urban income gap and by the growing disparity between highly educated urban professionals and the urban working class.
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  Not onlyin income but also in health and education outcomes. Population information of Latin America The population in 1950 was 165.938 million.
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  The populationin 2008 was 575.377 million.
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  The averagepopulation growth per decade is 68.239 million.
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  Latin Americais the most unequal region in the world.
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  According tothe World Bank, nearly 25% of the population lives on less than 2 USD a day.Colombia and poverty According to 2009 estimate, the population is 44.928 millions.
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  A UNreport included data about poverty in 35% of the general population and 17% extreme poverty, with an estimated 9,654,722 people living in extreme poverty.
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  Colombia hasa high rate of unemployment and a work market dominated by informal jobs, with few significant prospects for the creation of new work opportunities.Colombia and poverty (cont.) Colombia's measurement of inequality in wealth distribution was 0.51 in 2000 and 0.56 in 2006, making it the second-most unequal country in Latin America terms of wealth distribution, after Brazil.
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  About 32%of the people who do have work don’t have any formal work contract, nor access to the healthcare system.Final wordsThis presentation may have discussed a small part of poverty history in the world but from this small presentation we can recognize some points in every country we have discussed . The solution of any developing country is to Build a strong economy(national or foreigner investments ).
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  Try todecrease its population by the force of the law.
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  Avoiding theparticipation in any war or civil war as possible.
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  Use allthe talent people and scientists in the work market and make a good offers for them to override the brain drains .
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  The mostimportant thing in my opinion is to study well all the problems in the past and avoid it in the future. Questions
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  Thank you