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![Heteronormativity
• Heterosexuality is the societial norm
• Assumes that men are sexually and
romantically attracted to women and
women are attracted likewise to men;
• Same-sex attraction is neither
acknowledged by the public nor
recognized by its social institutions.[1]
[1] MacGillivray I.K. Educational equity for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, and queer/questioning students: the
demands of democracy and social justice for America's schools. Ed Urban Society. 2000;32(3):303–323.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howthemachismoofhetero-normativityandhomo-negativityimpedesfinal-150705152405-lva1-app6892/75/How-the-machismo-of-hetero-normativity-and-homo-negativity-impedes-final-3-2048.jpg)
![Homo-negativism
• the negative attitudes and learned behaviors
directed towards non-heterosexuals[1].
• a social context in which negative, prejudicial, or
discriminatory attitudes and/or behaviors toward
non-heterosexuals are developed and
maintained
[1] Krane V, Choi P.Y.L, Baird S.M, Almar C.M, Kauer K.J. Living the paradox: female athletes negotiate femininity and
muscularity. Sex Roles. 2004;50(5–6):315–329.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howthemachismoofhetero-normativityandhomo-negativityimpedesfinal-150705152405-lva1-app6892/75/How-the-machismo-of-hetero-normativity-and-homo-negativity-impedes-final-6-2048.jpg)
![Impediments to accessing service
• Homonegativity may be one reason that
LBGTQI service users may put off
accessing needed services.
• be aware of their use of language and its
effect on the service environment.
• [1] Whitley B.E. Gender-role variables and attitudes toward homosexuality. Sex
Roles. 2001;45(11–12):691–721.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howthemachismoofhetero-normativityandhomo-negativityimpedesfinal-150705152405-lva1-app6892/75/How-the-machismo-of-hetero-normativity-and-homo-negativity-impedes-final-9-2048.jpg)
![Assessable services
• Researchers[1] have suggested that the health
of individuals suffers wherever homonegativity is
evident.
• A climate and culture of heteronormativity and
homonegativity affects both staff and clients
negatively.
• Homonegativity may be one reason that LBGT
service users may put off accessing needed
services.
• An environment of diversity and rejection of
homonegative comments and attitudes can
successfully nurture both the physical and
mental health of all involved.
[1] Whitley B.E. Gender-role variables and attitudes toward homosexuality. Sex Roles. 2001;45(11–
12):691–721.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howthemachismoofhetero-normativityandhomo-negativityimpedesfinal-150705152405-lva1-app6892/75/How-the-machismo-of-hetero-normativity-and-homo-negativity-impedes-final-13-2048.jpg)
![3-step approach
• Franck suggested a 3-step approach to
address slurs and anti-gay language.
[1] Franck K.C. Rethinking homophobia: interrogating heteronormativity in an urban
school. Theory Res Soc Educ. 2002;30(2):274–286.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howthemachismoofhetero-normativityandhomo-negativityimpedesfinal-150705152405-lva1-app6892/75/How-the-machismo-of-hetero-normativity-and-homo-negativity-impedes-final-17-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMarcus Day
How the machismo of hetero normativity and homo-negativity impedes final
Hetero-normativity and homo-negativity can impede LGBTQI individuals from accessing harm reduction services. These concepts assume heterosexuality as the norm and view non-heterosexual attraction negatively. This creates an environment with heterosexual privilege but also homophobia and homo-negativity. Negative language and lack of policies create an unsafe environment for both LGBTQI clients and staff. Service providers must acknowledge and address these issues, educate themselves and others, and create a more inclusive environment through visible support and clear anti-discrimination policies to improve accessibility and quality of services for all.
How the machismo of hetero normativity and homo-negativity impedes final
- 1. How hetero-normativity andhomo- negativity impedes LBGTQI people from accessing harm reduction services Presented by Dr Marcus Day Caribbean Drug & Alcohol Research Institute
- 2. OBJECTIVE • To introduceharm reduction service providers and allied service workers to the concepts of heteronormativity and homonegativity and their influence on the manner in which we treat with people who we interact with.
- 3. Heteronormativity • Heterosexuality isthe societial norm • Assumes that men are sexually and romantically attracted to women and women are attracted likewise to men; • Same-sex attraction is neither acknowledged by the public nor recognized by its social institutions.[1] [1] MacGillivray I.K. Educational equity for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, and queer/questioning students: the demands of democracy and social justice for America's schools. Ed Urban Society. 2000;32(3):303–323.
- 4. Heterosexual Privilege • Hetrosexualidentities and relationships are celebrated • There are hetrosexual benefits, – legalized marriage, – insurance benefits for spouses and children, – immediate access to loved ones in case of accident or emergency. – military service – celebrate their sexuality, – hold hands with their loved ones in public without fear – see positive images of people who reflect heterosexual orientation on a daily basis.
- 5. Homophobia • defined asthe irrational fear and intolerance of gays, lesbians and transgendered persons.
- 6. Homo-negativism • the negativeattitudes and learned behaviors directed towards non-heterosexuals[1]. • a social context in which negative, prejudicial, or discriminatory attitudes and/or behaviors toward non-heterosexuals are developed and maintained [1] Krane V, Choi P.Y.L, Baird S.M, Almar C.M, Kauer K.J. Living the paradox: female athletes negotiate femininity and muscularity. Sex Roles. 2004;50(5–6):315–329.
- 7. Negative Empowerment • Hetero-normativityempowers homo- negativity to reinforce rigid gender stereotypes that lock men and women into their respective roles
- 8. Homo-negativity • limits thefreedom of individuals who do not identify as heterosexual • stigmatizes individuals who are heterosexual and do not fit appropriately within a particular gender role. • Limiting an individuals choices to being a “man” and a “woman”
- 9. Impediments to accessingservice • Homonegativity may be one reason that LBGTQI service users may put off accessing needed services. • be aware of their use of language and its effect on the service environment. • [1] Whitley B.E. Gender-role variables and attitudes toward homosexuality. Sex Roles. 2001;45(11–12):691–721.
- 10. Code of Ethics •built into accreditation standards • a set of guiding values that direct professionals to work respectfully and effectively with diverse populations in diverse work environments • ensuring that one aspect of diversity that is covered is sexual orientation. • sensitive to physical and mental health needs of LGBTQI clients
- 11. A safe environmentfor staff • Service providers are a microcosm of society. • Some staff self identify as LGBTQI; some are “out,” and some are “not.” • Given the societal acceptance of heteronormativity and homonegativity, have we created a safe space for these individuals.
- 12. a moral imperative •Our “field” as a social service has a duty, and perhaps even a moral imperative, to address issues that affect both the physical and the mental or emotional health of both clients and service providers alike.
- 13. Assessable services • Researchers[1]have suggested that the health of individuals suffers wherever homonegativity is evident. • A climate and culture of heteronormativity and homonegativity affects both staff and clients negatively. • Homonegativity may be one reason that LBGT service users may put off accessing needed services. • An environment of diversity and rejection of homonegative comments and attitudes can successfully nurture both the physical and mental health of all involved. [1] Whitley B.E. Gender-role variables and attitudes toward homosexuality. Sex Roles. 2001;45(11– 12):691–721.
- 14. Not all hurtfulwords treated the same • The power of racially derogatory words, including “nigger,” are well known but “faggot,” “sissy,” and “that's so gay” pass without much reaction. Although all slurs can have harmful effects on those to whom they are addressed, the consequences are not the same for those who vocalize these categories of derogatory terms.
- 15. Silence as acceptance •One major concern of LGBT individuals is that staff are often present when these epithets are used, remain silent and un- protesting, and do not educate the user in the negative emotional effect of this language.
- 16. Creating a positivesocial environment • If a positive social environment is to exist around sexuality and sexual orientation, all key players must be held accountable for their comments. In addition to not allowing the use of derogatory comments, individuals must be educated on the effects of using such comments and the negative connotations.
- 17. 3-step approach • Francksuggested a 3-step approach to address slurs and anti-gay language. [1] Franck K.C. Rethinking homophobia: interrogating heteronormativity in an urban school. Theory Res Soc Educ. 2002;30(2):274–286.
- 18. 1st Acknowledge • First, personsin charge must acknowledge to others that they are hearing the negative language and must make their presence known to the perpetrators. • leadership conveys the message that using slurs and anti-gay comments is not acceptable.
- 19. 2nd Educate • Second, serviceproviders must find ways to educate staff and clients about the meaning and weight of their words, particularly because the word gay is often used as a synonym for bad or weird.
- 20. 3rd Address it, notjust reprimand • Third, service providers must be willing to address with staff and service users topics related to the use of hate language or the gay-rights struggle. • Franck argued that a dismissive reprimand only forces attitudes underground and leaves them unchanged and that they will likely continue their homophobic remarks.
- 21. Create safer environment •take additional steps to create a safer environment for LGBT service users. • establish and enforce comprehensive policies and procedures that specifically mention sexual orientation and/or gender identity or expression, Create a grivance policy that enable individuals to report incidents of harassment and demonstrates to service users and employees that victimizing behaviors will not be tolerated.
- 22. More then arainbow sticker • service users need to be able to identify supportive staff. • more than having a “safe space” sticker on one's door.
- 23. GIPA for LBGTQI •The presence of supportive individuals contributes to a greater sense of safety. Having a supportive staff that consists of more than 1 or 2 individuals may produce the best outcomes for LGBT service users. • If service users experience their service providers as accepting or open-minded about sexual orientation, they may be more comfortable with them and opt to seek care when necessary. • This acceptance also may provide a safe space for exploring questions about sexual orientation and may promote new positive role models.
- 24. Role models • Beinga role model or an ally for LGBTQI individuals is one of the most powerful actions that service providers can take, both in the clinic and in outreach. Every intervention discussed needs role models. As an LGBT individual working as a service provider make the invisible visible and support those clients who are living “out”.
- 25. Positive examples forLGBTQI • Topic of sexual orientation help others understand how such orientation functions in one's life. This visibility also allows service users to consider other options besides the expected norms, destroys the assumption that homosexuality is only about sex, and provides positive examples for LGBTQI.
- 26. Ethnic minority LBGTQI •Identify and address issues relevant to ethnic minority members and health care concerns affecting LBGTQI ethnic minority individuals, • Advocate for sensitivity toward cultural diversity throughout the field. • Include sexual orientationwith race and ethnicity in our diversity checks.
- 27. Awareness of ourown assumptions • service providers need to become aware of their own assumptions about heteronormativity and homonegativity and how they affect interactions with other staff, volunteers and service users. • Service users need to understand their perceptions of the actions of others around them. Being aware and addressing personal assumptions while helping others do the same can be a positive experience for both providers and the communities where the work.
- 28. Inclusive rather thanexclusive • Service providers must continue to educate themselves and advocate working in conjunction with communities to change attitudes toward heterosexism and homonegativity. Services need to be inclusive rather than exclusivity.
- 29. Ongoing Process • Managingheteronormativity and homonegativity is an ongoing process on both a personal and societal level. Understanding the power of language and attitude is important for fighting all discrimination.
- 30. A theoretical framework •Having a theoretical framework within which to develop interventions and education programs is important. • Service providers must understand the interaction of drugs and sex. • Understand these roles and norms and suggested interventions to make harm reduction more inclusive of alternative sexualities.
- 31. Skills • Acquire basicskills that service providers can use to positively affect their work and the therapeutic environment to make services inclusive and safer. • These skills, • monitoring the use of language, • being a visible ally to LGBT service users, • using self-reflection to understand how beliefs and expectations affect the work and the environment, • must be supported continually by an overall policy environment.
- 32. Thank You This isan ongoing work Comments and criticism are welcome Please send comments to [email protected]
Editor's Notes
- #7 not irrational