How to Build a Maze Solving Robot Using Arduino
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Learn how to make an Arduino-powered robot that can navigate mazes on its own using IR sensors and "Hand on the wall" algorithm.
How to Build a Maze Solving Robot Using Arduino
- 1. SIMPLE MAZE-SOLVING ROBOT An Easy Approach to Maze Navigation Author Rithik Krisna
- 2. What is a Maze-Solving Robot? Maze-solving robots use algorithms to autonomously navigate through mazes. Early competitions like Micromouse (1970s) set the foundation for this field. This project uses a simple three- sensor approach with the Left- Hand Rule algorithm.
- 3. Maze-Solving Algorithm: The Left- Hand Rule The Hand-on-Wall Rule helps navigate mazes with continuous walls. If the left path is available, turn left; otherwise, go straight or turn right. Truth Table defines robot behavior based on sensor inputs (0 or 1).
- 4. Components & Circuit Design Key Components: Arduino UNO – Microcontroller for processing data. Motor Shield – Controls the DC motors. IR Sensors (x3) – Detects walls and obstacles. Two-Wheel Drive Chassis – Provides movement. Power Source (2S Li-ion Battery Pack) – Supplies voltage. Circuit Overview: IR Sensors → Connected to A0, A1, A2 pins for detecting left, front, and right obstacles. Motors → Controlled via the Arduino Motor Shield. Power Supply Considerations → Must be between 5V – 12V for stable operation.
- 5. Assembly & Working Assembling the Robot: Attach the IR sensors at the correct distance. Fix motors and chassis securely. Connect wires properly according to the circuit diagram. Robot Navigation Logic: Reads sensor data → Detects walls and open paths. Makes decisions using predefined rules. Executes actions → Moves forward, turns left, turns right, or makes a U-turn.
- 6. Coding & Demonstration Key Code Functions: moveForward(), turnLeft(), turnRight(), uTurn() Uses switch-case logic to make decisions. Robot in Action: The robot successfully navigates the maze using the Left-Hand Rule. Performance depends on sensor accuracy and motor balance. Future Improvements: Use more sensors for better decision-making. Implement a different algorithm for complex mazes. Enhance motor control for smoother navigation. Demo of Robot in Action
- 7. Link to GitHub Repository https://github.com/Circuit-Digest/Simple-Maze- Solving-Robot-using-Arduino-UNO For a more in-depth tutorial, check out this article: https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller- projects/arduino-maze-solving-robot www.circuitdigest.com Robotics Projects|Arduino Projects|Raspberry Pi Projects| ESP32 Projects | AI Projects | IoT Projects