How to use Bluetooth® Smart to control your embedded device with a mobile device
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This document discusses how to get started with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) development. It recommends starting with defining objectives, choosing a BLE radio or module, determining data flow needs, developing mobile apps for testing, and planning regulatory certification. Using a pre-certified BLE module can reduce costs and accelerate time to market versus designing a custom radio. Anaren's Bluetooth Smart Development Kit and Atmosphere online platform aim to simplify and expedite the BLE development process.
![Bluetooth SIG
MemberWhat does a smart phone offer
as a gateway?
Standard Wi-Fi Bluetooth NFC
Mobile can be master? Yes Yes Yes
End Device Broadcast Yes Yes No
Scanning No Yes No
Battery Life of
End Devices /Slaves
Few hours
[3.0] Few
Hours
[LE] Few Year
Years
Bandwidth provided Video
State [LE]
Voice [3.0]
State
Asynchronous Data
transfer by End Devices
Not Supported Supported
Not
Supported
Range of connection 75-120 m 10 – 100 m 10cm
Relative Cost of
Implementation
Low Lower Lowest](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ble-101-anaren-1-150722192324-lva1-app6891/85/How-to-use-Bluetooth-Smart-to-control-your-embedded-device-with-a-mobile-device-6-320.jpg)
![Bluetooth SIG
Member
BLE technical specifications
• Uses FHSS spread Spectrum technology to overcome interference
• Operates at 2.4 GHz ISM band which is accepted worldwide
• Very Low Duty Cycle:
– Radio spends very little time in TX/Rx mode
– Radio shuts down very fast
• Asynchronous Connectionless MAC
– Small Packets [MTU = 20 bytes]
– Uses only 3 channels for advertising hence less time to establish link
– Fast Connection and teardown in < 6ms
*Graphic Courtesy of iebmedia.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ble-101-anaren-1-150722192324-lva1-app6891/85/How-to-use-Bluetooth-Smart-to-control-your-embedded-device-with-a-mobile-device-8-320.jpg)
![Bluetooth SIG
Member
1. BLE radio objectives (cont.)
Battery Life:
Assuming a transaction of 3ms,
Tx/Rx avg. current consumption: 17mA
Std. CR2032 coin cell battery: ~220mAh
Calculations:
= 220mAh/17mA /.003s
= ~ 13 hours = ~15.5 mil. Packet transactions
Important contributors to extend battery life
• Sleep current modes: BLE radio are in Sleep mode for almost all the times
a. Sleep with OSC on
b. Sleep with Timer On
c. Sleep with External Interrupts On Deep sleep
• Adding DC-DC converter helps reduce power consumption in TX/RX mode
No. of End
Device packet
transmission
per minute
Estimate
d Battery
Life on
CR 2032
Estimate
d Battery
Life on
std. AA
[~1Ah]
1 24 year 100 years
12 2 years 10 years
60 0.5 year 2.5 year](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ble-101-anaren-1-150722192324-lva1-app6891/85/How-to-use-Bluetooth-Smart-to-control-your-embedded-device-with-a-mobile-device-13-320.jpg)
![Bluetooth SIG
Member
3: Determine data flow needs
The BLE Stack: GATT Model
• Based on attributes
• Simple to use
• Key terms:
• Central / peripheral
• GATT specifications
– Services
– Characteristic
– Profiles
Physical Layer [PHY]
Link Layer [LL]
L2CAP
Host Controller Interface [HCI]
ATT
GATT
User Applications
SMP
GAP](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ble-101-anaren-1-150722192324-lva1-app6891/85/How-to-use-Bluetooth-Smart-to-control-your-embedded-device-with-a-mobile-device-17-320.jpg)
![Bluetooth SIG
Member
• Bluetooth SIG has adopted numerous profiles to make it easier
for developers. Can be found at Bluetooth developer site
• But what if the existing profiles don’t work for you? You can
create custom profiles
• How? Push / Pull / Broadcast
– Product sends to smartphone (Push)
– Smartphone Connects/Reads/Writes (Pull)
– Product broadcasts data even when not connected [indicators /
notifications]
• Security :
– Button pairing
– Pin code
– Unique key pairing
3: Determine data flow needs (cont.)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ble-101-anaren-1-150722192324-lva1-app6891/85/How-to-use-Bluetooth-Smart-to-control-your-embedded-device-with-a-mobile-device-19-320.jpg)
![Bluetooth SIG
Member
5: Go to Market (cont.)
Benefits of using a pre-certified
module
Discrete Design Pre-Certified / Pre-Qualified
Modules
Fees for Regulatory Tests Approvals
[FCC/ETSI/IC]
25000 9000
Software Dev. Costs for Test
Firmware
20000 1000
Additional Countries 20000
(approximate)
1000
Bluetooth Qualification * (Associate
member)
4000 4000 [only EPL]
Total Costs 70,000 15,000
* Bluetooth SIG Fees are based on membership levels Adopter: $8k / Associate : $4k / Innovation
Incentive Program (companies with annual revenue <$1 m USD): $2.5k USD (2 products max.)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ble-101-anaren-1-150722192324-lva1-app6891/85/How-to-use-Bluetooth-Smart-to-control-your-embedded-device-with-a-mobile-device-27-320.jpg)
How to use Bluetooth® Smart to control your embedded device with a mobile device
- 1. Bluetooth SIG Member Using Bluetooth® Smart to Control Embedded Systems with a Mobile Device [email protected] 800-411-6596 +44-2392-232392
- 2. Bluetooth SIG Member Any device can send state/status You forgot to Floss your teeth yesterday. Today you need to brush your teeth for more time. You didn’t complete your 10k steps goal yesterday. Spend more time at the gym today. I am behind the sofa cushion. Find me here..!!
- 3. Bluetooth SIG Member IOT: Base elements Flow On/Off Light Pressure Open/ Closed Temperature (Hot/Cold) Location
- 4. Bluetooth SIG MemberHow do we connect every device to the internet? Portability / mobility Battery Life Expensive + Battery life
- 5. Bluetooth SIG Member A gateway to the internet Gateway
- 6. Bluetooth SIG MemberWhat does a smart phone offer as a gateway? Standard Wi-Fi Bluetooth NFC Mobile can be master? Yes Yes Yes End Device Broadcast Yes Yes No Scanning No Yes No Battery Life of End Devices /Slaves Few hours [3.0] Few Hours [LE] Few Year Years Bandwidth provided Video State [LE] Voice [3.0] State Asynchronous Data transfer by End Devices Not Supported Supported Not Supported Range of connection 75-120 m 10 – 100 m 10cm Relative Cost of Implementation Low Lower Lowest
- 7. Bluetooth SIG Member What is BLE? • Bluetooth low energy technology is an evolution in technology that enables new applications in wireless devices that are able to last months or even years off a small, button-cell battery • Ultra-low power consumption • Low cost • Multi-vendor interoperability • Enhanced range relative to classic Bluetooth * Graphic courtesy of Bluetooth® SIG
- 8. Bluetooth SIG Member BLE technical specifications • Uses FHSS spread Spectrum technology to overcome interference • Operates at 2.4 GHz ISM band which is accepted worldwide • Very Low Duty Cycle: – Radio spends very little time in TX/Rx mode – Radio shuts down very fast • Asynchronous Connectionless MAC – Small Packets [MTU = 20 bytes] – Uses only 3 channels for advertising hence less time to establish link – Fast Connection and teardown in < 6ms *Graphic Courtesy of iebmedia.com
- 9. Bluetooth SIG MemberWhat can a Bluetooth Smart connection do for you? • Connect your embedded device to a smartphone: - monitor & collect data - control operation and adjust settings - field service interfaces - over-the-air software updates - and more …all touch-free & without opening a cabinet! • Easy to change the HMI controls and gauges – it’s all software • Secure: Control and limit access
- 10. Bluetooth SIG Member Product objectives • Time to Launch to market = 1 month / 3 months / 6 months • Customer never needs to replace battery • Over the AIR update: no need to plug any wires Marketing Objectives • Lower Bill of Materials • Low NRE / Engineering Costs Operations Objectives • Sell the product worldwide Sales Objectives • Where do I start? Engineer objectives
- 11. Bluetooth SIG Member •Range and Data throughput •Battery Life and Sleep current •Over the AIR update BLE Radio Objectives •Design the Radio or go with a Module? •Application Firmware: Integrate with BLE stack or Separate Applications Processor? Application Objectives •GATT Model •GATT Specification: Profiles, Characteristics, Services •Custom GATT profiles Determine Data Flow Needs •Testing product using Generic Applications •Generic Apps on PC / Mobile •Cross Platform mobile app development Mobile App Objectives and Testing Product •Regulatory Certification •Bluetooth SIG Qualification •Benefits of pre-certified and pre-qualified modules Go to Market 5-step checklist to start your design
- 12. Bluetooth SIG Member 1: BLE radio objectives BLE Range: up to 100 meters • 2.4 GHz is attenuated heavily by human body • Placing radio in metal enclosure or right on top of coin cell battery will cause multipath/ reflections and packet loss BLE Data throughput: Radio data : 1Mbps, BLE spec: .27Mbps • It is designed for sending small chunks of data or ‘state’ of the device • Given the low duty cycle, it not optimized for large file transfer or streaming
- 13. Bluetooth SIG Member 1. BLE radio objectives (cont.) Battery Life: Assuming a transaction of 3ms, Tx/Rx avg. current consumption: 17mA Std. CR2032 coin cell battery: ~220mAh Calculations: = 220mAh/17mA /.003s = ~ 13 hours = ~15.5 mil. Packet transactions Important contributors to extend battery life • Sleep current modes: BLE radio are in Sleep mode for almost all the times a. Sleep with OSC on b. Sleep with Timer On c. Sleep with External Interrupts On Deep sleep • Adding DC-DC converter helps reduce power consumption in TX/RX mode No. of End Device packet transmission per minute Estimate d Battery Life on CR 2032 Estimate d Battery Life on std. AA [~1Ah] 1 24 year 100 years 12 2 years 10 years 60 0.5 year 2.5 year
- 14. Bluetooth SIG Member OTA (Over the Air Update) - Supported by most radio vendors - While choosing Flash size * double of the firmware size * future addition of features 1. BLE radio objectives (cont.)
- 15. Bluetooth SIG Member 2: Embedded application objectives Design your own radio or go with a module? • RF expertise • Time consuming: PCB Design • Upfront Engineering cost • Easy to make changes • Module: Fast prototype and low annual volumes where time to market is important • DIY: Post proto and high volume production
- 16. Bluetooth SIG Member 2: Source a BLE radio Application and Stack on single BLE Chip Separate Applications and BLE Processor
- 17. Bluetooth SIG Member 3: Determine data flow needs The BLE Stack: GATT Model • Based on attributes • Simple to use • Key terms: • Central / peripheral • GATT specifications – Services – Characteristic – Profiles Physical Layer [PHY] Link Layer [LL] L2CAP Host Controller Interface [HCI] ATT GATT User Applications SMP GAP
- 18. Bluetooth SIG Member GATT specifications Service: Human Readable specification of set of characteristics, eg. Glucose Monitoring, Blood Pressure Monitoring Characteristics: Defined attribute types that contain a single logical value. These are machine readable only, eg. Battery voltage Profiles: Define how services can be used to enable an application or use case. Profiles enable interoperability among products made by different manufacturers, eg. Healthcare, Proximity Sensing 3: Determine data flow needs (cont.)
- 19. Bluetooth SIG Member • Bluetooth SIG has adopted numerous profiles to make it easier for developers. Can be found at Bluetooth developer site • But what if the existing profiles don’t work for you? You can create custom profiles • How? Push / Pull / Broadcast – Product sends to smartphone (Push) – Smartphone Connects/Reads/Writes (Pull) – Product broadcasts data even when not connected [indicators / notifications] • Security : – Button pairing – Pin code – Unique key pairing 3: Determine data flow needs (cont.)
- 20. Bluetooth SIG Member 4: Mobile app objectives & product test Concurrent Code Development Embedded code Mobile app code iOS & Android mobile; PC; etc. App. c Main. c Hardware prototype Your embedded device To market
- 21. Bluetooth SIG Member Embedded Device to Mobile DeviceEmbedded Device to PC Image courtesy : TI and Punchthroughdesign.com Test product using a generic interface 4: Mobile app objectives & product test (cont.)
- 22. Bluetooth SIG Member Packet sniffer 4: Mobile app objectives & product test (cont.)
- 23. Bluetooth SIG Member Packet sniffers * Image courtesy of Frontline 4: Mobile app objectives & product test (cont.)
- 24. Bluetooth SIG Member Cross platform mobile apps 4: Mobile app objectives & product test (cont.)
- 25. Bluetooth SIG Member 5: Go to market Regulatory Certifications : • Verification that the operation of a device meets set limits or performance expectations within a given country or geographical region Americas Canada European Union China Japan Australia
- 26. Bluetooth SIG Member 5: Go to market (cont.) Bluetooth SIG qualification Process: • all Bluetooth products must be qualified to use the Bluetooth trademark/logo • fully qualified product is listed as End Product Listing (EPL) * Graphic courtesy of Bluetooth® SIG
- 27. Bluetooth SIG Member 5: Go to Market (cont.) Benefits of using a pre-certified module Discrete Design Pre-Certified / Pre-Qualified Modules Fees for Regulatory Tests Approvals [FCC/ETSI/IC] 25000 9000 Software Dev. Costs for Test Firmware 20000 1000 Additional Countries 20000 (approximate) 1000 Bluetooth Qualification * (Associate member) 4000 4000 [only EPL] Total Costs 70,000 15,000 * Bluetooth SIG Fees are based on membership levels Adopter: $8k / Associate : $4k / Innovation Incentive Program (companies with annual revenue <$1 m USD): $2.5k USD (2 products max.)
- 28. Bluetooth SIG Member Summary: How to get started • Project objectives influence the product design & development process • Regulatory compliance can significantly delay product launch & raise costs • Pre-certified module can reduce time to market, simplify prototyping, streamline compliance & eliminate need for RF infrastructure • For complex applications, use the co-processor approach for proof of concept and initial prototypes • For mobile development, use of generic cross-platform application development compilers • Perform regulatory compliance tests and obtain Bluetooth EPL listing to use the Bluetooth logo
- 29. Bluetooth SIG Member A word about Anaren’s BLE solution
- 30. Bluetooth SIG Member Bluetooth Smart Development Kit • Works with Atmosphere web-based development platform – Simultaneously creates & compiles embedded code for demo board and code for mobile app creation – Examples based around the AIR-for-WICED multi- sensor development board with exposed GPIOs, UART, SPI and I2C connections • Includes: • Unlimited access to the online Atmosphere collaborative development platform • Multi-sensor dev board • USB cable (probably Type A to Micro B) • 2 single-row header pins • Quick Start Guide • Regulatory Guide Part #: A20737x-MSDK1
- 31. Bluetooth SIG Member Atmosphere online development platform • Enables developer to simultaneously generate embedded code & mobile app code in one, environment • Public site & community at: https://atmosphere.anaren.com • Users accesses tool via free account registration (agrees to T&C & use of AIR for WICED modules) • Downloads & installs on PC/Mac/Linux device • Mobile app to be available on App Store & Play Store
- 32. Bluetooth SIG Member Where you can learn more References : • https://atmosphere.anaren.com • http://anaren.com/airforwiced • http://developer.bluetooth.org/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy • https://mentor.ieee.org/802.18/dcn/13/18-13-0049-00-0000- fcc-modular-transmitter-guidance.pdf
- 34. Bluetooth SIG Member Thank you for your time! [email protected] 800-411-6596 +44-2392-232392