HPC Storage and IO Trends and Workflows
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This document summarizes a presentation on HPC storage and IO trends and workflows. It discusses how economic modeling has led to the proliferation of multiple storage layers, including burst buffers, parallel file systems, campaign storage, and archives. Workflows are presented as a way to help procurement by specifying application needs rather than specific hardware requirements. The use of workflows in economic modeling and procurement could help guide future machine architectures and integration of storage tiers.
![OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016
WHAT ARE ALL THESE STORAGE LAYERS?
WHY DO WE NEED ALL THESE STORAGE LAYERS?
§ Why
• BB: Economics (disk bw/iops too expensive)
• PFS: Maturity and BB capacity too small
• Campaign: Economics (tape bw too expensive)
• Archive: Maturity and we really do need a “forever”
Memory
Burst Buffer
Parallel File System
Campaign Storage
Archive
Memory
Parallel File System
Archive
HPC Before Trinity
HPC A]er Trinity
1-2 PB/sec
Residence – hours
Overwri`en – conanuous
4-6 TB/sec
Residence – hours
Overwri`en – hours
1-2 TB/sec
Residence – days/weeks
Flushed – weeks
100-300 GB/sec
Residence – months-year
Flushed – months-year
10s GB/sec (parallel tape
Residence – forever
HPSS Parallel
Tape
Lustre
Parallel File
System
DRAM](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hpcstorageandiotrendsandworkflows-160405224328/85/HPC-Storage-and-IO-Trends-and-Workflows-5-320.jpg)
![OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016
CAMPAIGN STORAGE SYSTEMS ARE AMONG US TOO – MARFS
MASSIVELY SCALABLE POSIX LIKE FILE SYSTEM NAME PACE
OVER CLOUD STYLE ERASURE PROTECTED OBJECTS
§ Background
• Object Systems provide massive scaling and efficient erasure
• Friendly to applications, not to people. People need a name space.
• Huge Economic appeal (erasure enables use of inexpensive storage)
• POSIX name space is powerful but has issues scaling
§ The challenges
• Mismatch of POSIX an Object metadata, security, read/write size/semantics
• No update in place with Objects
• Scale to Trillions of files/directories and Billions of files in a directory
• 100’s of GB/sec but with years data longevity
§ Looked at
• GPFS, Lustre, Panasas, OrangeFS, Cleversafe/Scality/EMC ViPR/Ceph/Swift, Glusterfs,
Nirvana/Storage Resource Broker/IRODS, Maginatics, Camlistore, Bridgestore, Avere, HDFS
§ Experiences
• Pilot scaled to 3PB and 3 GB/sec,
• First real deployment scaling to 30PB and 30 GB/sec
§ Next a demo of scale to trillions and billions
Current Deployment
Uses N GPFS’s for MDS
and Scality So]ware Only
Erasure Object Store
Be nice to the Object system:
pack many small files into one
object, break up huge files
into mulaple objects](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hpcstorageandiotrendsandworkflows-160405224328/85/HPC-Storage-and-IO-Trends-and-Workflows-7-320.jpg)
HPC Storage and IO Trends and Workflows
- 1. 12th ANNUAL WORKSHOP 2016 HPC STORAGE AND IO TRENDS AND WORKFLOWS Gary Grider, Division Leader, HPC Division April 4, 2014 Los Alamos National Laboratory LA-UR-16-20184
- 2. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 EIGHT DECADES OF PRODUCTION WEAPONS COMPUTING TO KEEP THE NATION SAFE 2 CM-2 IBM Stretch CDC Cray 1 Cray X/Y Maniac CM-5 SGI Blue Mountain DEC/HP Q IBM Cell Roadrunner Cray XE Cielo Cray Intel KNL Trinity Ziggy DWave Cross Roads
- 3. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 ECONOMICS HAVE SHAPED OUR WORLD The beginning of storage layer proliferation circa 2009 § Economic modeling for large burst of data from memory shows bandwidth / capacity better matched for solid state storage near the compute nodes $0 $5,000,000 $10,000,000 $15,000,000 $20,000,000 $25,000,000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Hdwr/media cost 3 mem/mo 10% FS new servers new disk new cartridges new drives new robots n Economic modeling for archive shows bandwidth / capacity be?er matched for disk
- 4. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 THE HOOPLA PARADE CIRCA 2014 Data Warp
- 5. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 WHAT ARE ALL THESE STORAGE LAYERS? WHY DO WE NEED ALL THESE STORAGE LAYERS? § Why • BB: Economics (disk bw/iops too expensive) • PFS: Maturity and BB capacity too small • Campaign: Economics (tape bw too expensive) • Archive: Maturity and we really do need a “forever” Memory Burst Buffer Parallel File System Campaign Storage Archive Memory Parallel File System Archive HPC Before Trinity HPC A]er Trinity 1-2 PB/sec Residence – hours Overwri`en – conanuous 4-6 TB/sec Residence – hours Overwri`en – hours 1-2 TB/sec Residence – days/weeks Flushed – weeks 100-300 GB/sec Residence – months-year Flushed – months-year 10s GB/sec (parallel tape Residence – forever HPSS Parallel Tape Lustre Parallel File System DRAM
- 6. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 BURST BUFFERS ARE AMONG US § Many instances in the world now, some at multi-PB Multi-TB/s scale § Uses • Checkpoint/Restart, Analysis, Out of core § Access • Largely POSIX like, with JCL for stage in, stage out based on job exit health, etc. § A little about Out of Core • Before HBM we were thinking DDR ~50-100 GB/sec and NVM 2-10 GB/sec (10X penalty and durability penalty) • Only 10X penalty from working set speed to out of core speed • After HBM we have HBM 500-1000 GB/sec, DDR 50-100 GB/sec, and NVS 2-10 GB/sec (100X penalty from HBM to NVS) • Before HBM, out of core seemed like it might help some read mostly apps • After HBM, using DDR for working set seems limiting, but useful for some • Using NVS for read mostly out of core seems limiting too, but useful for some
- 7. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 CAMPAIGN STORAGE SYSTEMS ARE AMONG US TOO – MARFS MASSIVELY SCALABLE POSIX LIKE FILE SYSTEM NAME PACE OVER CLOUD STYLE ERASURE PROTECTED OBJECTS § Background • Object Systems provide massive scaling and efficient erasure • Friendly to applications, not to people. People need a name space. • Huge Economic appeal (erasure enables use of inexpensive storage) • POSIX name space is powerful but has issues scaling § The challenges • Mismatch of POSIX an Object metadata, security, read/write size/semantics • No update in place with Objects • Scale to Trillions of files/directories and Billions of files in a directory • 100’s of GB/sec but with years data longevity § Looked at • GPFS, Lustre, Panasas, OrangeFS, Cleversafe/Scality/EMC ViPR/Ceph/Swift, Glusterfs, Nirvana/Storage Resource Broker/IRODS, Maginatics, Camlistore, Bridgestore, Avere, HDFS § Experiences • Pilot scaled to 3PB and 3 GB/sec, • First real deployment scaling to 30PB and 30 GB/sec § Next a demo of scale to trillions and billions Current Deployment Uses N GPFS’s for MDS and Scality So]ware Only Erasure Object Store Be nice to the Object system: pack many small files into one object, break up huge files into mulaple objects
- 8. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 MARFS METADATA SCALING NXM DATA SCALING BY X Slide 8
- 9. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 ISN’T THAT TOO MANY LAYERS JUST FOR STORAGE? § If the Burst Buffer does its job very well (and indications are capacity of in system NV will grow radically) and campaign storage works out well (leveraging cloud), do we need a parallel file system anymore, or an archive? Maybe just a bw/iops tier and a capacity tier. § Too soon to say, seems feasible longer term Memory Burst Buffer Parallel File System (PFS) Campaign Storage Archive Memory IOPS/BW Tier Parallel File System (PFS) Capacity Tier Archive Diagram courtesy of John Bent EMC Factoids (ames are changing!) LANL HPSS = 53 PB and 543 M files Trinity 2 PB memory, 4 PB flash (11% of HPSS) and 80 PB PFS or 150% HPSS) Crossroads may have 5-10 PB memory, 40 PB solid state or 100% of HPSS with data residency measured in days or weeks We would have never contemplated more in system storage than our archive a few years ago
- 10. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 BURST BUFFER -> PERF/IOPS TIER WHAT WOULD NEED TO CHANGE? § Burst Buffers are designed for data durations in hours-days. If in system solid state in system storage is to be used for months duration many things are missing. • Protecting Burst Buffers with RAID/Erasure is NOT economical for checkpoint and short term use because you can always go back to a lower tier copy, but longer duration data requires protection. Likely you would need a software RAID/Erasure that is distributed on the Supercomputer over its fabric • Long term protection of the name space is also needed • QoS issues are also more acute • With much more longer term data, locality based scheduling is also perhaps more important
- 11. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 CAMPAIGN -> CAPACITY TIER WHAT WOULD NEED TO CHANGE CAMPAIGN? § Campaign data duration is targeted at a few years but for a true capacity tier more flexible perhaps much longer time periods may be required. • Probably need power managed storage devices that match the parallel BW needed to move around PB sized data sets § Scaling out to Exabytes, Trillions of files, etc. • Much of this work is underway § Maturing of the solution space with multiple at least partially vendor supported solutions is needed as well.
- 12. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS § New interfaces to storage that preserve/leverage structure/ semantics of data (much of this is being/was explored in the DOE Storage FFwd) • DAOS like concepts with name spaces friendly to science application needs • Async/transactional/Versioning to match better with future async programming models § The concept of a loadable storage stack (being worked in MarFS and EMC) • It would be nice if the Perf/IOPS tier could be directed to “check out” a “problem” to work on for days/weeks. Think PBs of data and billions of metadata entries of various shapes. (EMC calls this dynamically loadable name spaces) • MarFS metadata demonstration of Trillions of files in a file system and Billions of files in a directory will be an example of a “loadable” name space • CMU’s IndexFS->BatchFS->DeltaFS - stores POSIX metadata into thousands of distributed KVS’s makes moving/restart with billions of metadata entries simply and easily • Check out a billion metadata entries, make modifications, check back in as a new version or a merge back into the Capacity Tier master name space
- 13. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 BUT, THAT IS JUST ECONOMIC ARM WAVING. How will the economics combine with the apps/machine/ environmental needs? Enter Workflows
- 14. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 WORKFLOWS TO THE RESCUE? § What did I learn from the workflow-fest circa 04/2015? • There are 57 ways to interpret in situ J • There are more workflow tools than requirements documents • There is no common taxonomy that can be used to reason about data flow/workflow for architects or programmers L § What did I learn from FY15 Apex Vendor meetings • Where do you want your flash, how big, how fast, how durable • Where do you want your SCM, how big, how fast • Do you want it near the node or near the disk or in the network • --- YOU REALLY DON’T WANT ME TO TELL YOU WHERE TO PUT YOUR NAND/SCM --- § Can workflows help us beyond some automation tools?
- 15. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 INSITU / POST / ACTIVE STORAGE / ACTIVE ARCHIVE ANALYSIS WORK FLOWS IN WORK FLOWS
- 16. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 WORKFLOWS: POTENTIAL TAXONOMY Derived from Dave Montoya (Circa 05/15) V2 taxonomy a`empt
- 17. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 WORKFLOWS CAN HELP US BEYOND SOME AUTOMATION TOOLS: WORKFLOWS ENTER THE REALM OF RFP/PROCUREMENT § Trinity/Cori • We didn’t specify flops, we specified running bigger app faster • We wanted it to go forward 90% of the time • We didn’t specify how much burst buffer, or speeds/feeds • Vendors didn’t like this at first but realized it was degrees of freedom we were giving them § Apex Crossroads/NERSC+1 • Still no flops J • Still want it to go forward a large % of the time • Vendors ask: where and how much flash/nvram/pixy dust do we put on node, in network, in ionode, near storage, blah blah • We don’t care we want to get the most of these work flows through the system in 6 months V3 Taxonomy A`empt Next slides represents work done by the APEX Workflow Team
- 18. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 V3 TAXONOMY FROM APEX PROCUREMENT DOCS A SIMULATION PIPELINE
- 19. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 V3 TAXONOMY FROM APEX PROCUREMENT DOCS A HIGH THROUGHPUT/UQ PIPELINE
- 20. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 WORKFLOW DATA THAT GOES WITH THE WORKFLOW DIAGRAMS
- 21. OpenFabrics Alliance Workshop 2016 SUMMARY § Economic modeling/analysis is a powerful tool for guiding our next steps § Given the growing footprint of Data Mgmt/Movement in the cost and pain in HPC, workflows may grow in importance and may be more useful in planning for new machine architectures/ procurement/integration than ever. § Combining Economics and Workflows helps paint a picture of the future for all of us.
- 22. 12th ANNUAL WORKSHOP 2016 THANK YOU AND RIP PFS