HTL Hazard ID RA Training.pptx 11111111
- 2. Today’s Schedule 2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ RISK ASSESSMENT/ HSE TOOLS TO IMPROVE SAFETY CULTURE/ ACCIDENT CAUSES/NEAR MISS REPORTING/HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS/COST OF ACCIDENTS
- 3. 3 “Born on a Vision Built on Innovation”
- 4. 4 Take reasonable care for safety & health of self and others who may be affected Cooperate with employer in terms of compliance with employer’s duties and shall report to employer breaches of the Act, regulations Must not interfere with, or misuse anything provided for H,S or welfare Use correctly PPE / protective devices An employer may discipline, in the customary manner, an employee who breaks the safety provisions of this Act Attend safety training when required to do so Your Responsibility under the OSH ACT 2004
- 5. Safety Culture Safety Culture The way in which safety is managed in a workplace. It is a combination of beliefs, perceptions and attitudes of employees toward the safety of workers and the overall safety of the work environment. Cultivating a safety culture is a key aspect in maintaining workplace safety. 5
- 6. TYPES OF SAFETY CULTURE ◦ 1) Generative – Safety is built into the way we work and think ◦ 2) Proactive – We work on problems that we still find ◦ 3) Calculative - we have systems in place to manage all hazards ◦ 4) Reactive – Safety is important we do lots of it after every accident ◦ 5) Pathological – who cares if we are not caught 6
- 7. HSE TOOLS TO IMPROVE SAFETY CULTURE 1) HSE Reporting Encourage free, open and honest reporting of HSE performance 2) Incident investigation & analysis – learn from past mistakes 3) Auditing – Verify the HSE performance as accurate 4) Workplace policies and procedures – Develop standardized methods of executing tasks 5) HSE Training – Train the staff 6) HSE Communication – Frequent, relevant and accurate communication 7
- 8. Definitions Accident- Any undesired, unplanned event arising out of employment which results in physical injury or damage to property, or the possibility of such injury or damage. “Near miss” situations must also be addressed - events which did not result in injury or damage but had the potential to do so. Risk – A situation involving an exposure to danger 8
- 9. Near Miss reporting 9 • Near Miss is a Zero Cost Learning Tool. • A near miss reporting system includes both mandatory (for incidents with high loss potential) and voluntary, non-punitive reporting by witnesses. A key to any near miss report is the "lesson learned". Near miss reporters are in a position to describe what they observed about genesis of the event, and the factors that prevented loss from occurring. • A Root Cause Analysis should be used to identify the defect in the system that resulted in the error and factors that may help eliminate a reoccurrence. • Near misses are smaller in scale, relatively simpler to analyze and easier to resolve.
- 10. Why focus on near misses? 10 Establish Causes Prevent Recurrences before they become Recordable or Serious Establish corrective actions Learn from the incident Improve our companies safety culture Statistical safety data base
- 11. Should we investigate Near Misses? 11 Yes! Near-Miss incidents, like no- injury accidents, must be investigated whenever reported or observed. They are forewarnings of what can and might happen. An accident is almost always sure to follow when such forewarnings are ignored.
- 12. Accident Causes Unsafe Act ◦ an act by the injured person or another person (or both) which caused the accident; and/or Unsafe Condition ◦ some environmental or hazardous situation which caused the accident independent of the employee(s) 12
- 13. Types of Risks Safety Risk harm people, both onsite and offsite. Environmental Risk leads to long term or widespread damage to the environment. Business leads to production loss or interruption, project failure or poor project performance, financial loss, reputation damage. 13
- 14. Warning Signs 14 Increases in breaches of safety procedures Increase in reportable incidents Technical concerns Friction or disputes ageing or suspect equipment Introduction of new procedures or equipment New employees Age of employees Long periods of work Environmental issues
- 15. Discussion? What is the difference between a hazard and a risk 15
- 16. Hazard To cause harm we have to come into contact with the hazard. Hazards are substances or conditions which can cause injury or harm to people, processes, equipment and the environment and which are associated with the properties and behaviors of process materials. 16 Hazard
- 17. General Hazard Category Five broad categories: 1. Materials Liquids – acids, bases, toxins Solids – wood, metal, plastic Gases – flammables and explosives 2. Equipment - machinery, vehicles, tools and devices 3. Environment – noise, temperature, ergonomics, biological 4. People – employees, guests, contractors, visitors, public 5. System – flawed policies, programs, plans, procedures, etc. 17
- 18. Types of Hazards Hazards may be of varying types: Physical Mechanical – Sharp points, edges, overload, struck by, struck against Electrical – Insulation damage r cover broken Chemical - Exposure to carcinogens chemicals, flammable, toxic Biological – Bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic Ergonomic - Expose to unnatural postures Psychological – Stress or violence in the workplace Vibration / noise Pressure Temperature Flammability Explosives Acceleration 18
- 19. Hazard Identification Techniques Safety Observation Program (Formal and Informal): This is considered the most effective proactive method to collect data Company Wide Safety Survey Employee Interviews Safety Inspections (does not adequately identify unsafe behaviours) Safety Audits Accident Statistics / Investigations Document Review 19
- 20. Inspections Workplace inspections are undertaken with the aim of identifying risks and promoting remedial action. Such inspections emphasize the safe place approach: - the identification of unsafe conditions - identification of unsafe acts, - over 88% of accidents are caused by unsafe acts of persons, - approximately 10% due to unsafe conditions, - The remainder are classified as unpreventable i.e. Acts of God! 20
- 21. Checklists Checklists incorporate past experience in convenient lists of do’s and don’ts. - They may be valuable in the design process for revealing an otherwise un- looked for hazard. - They are easy to use and can be expected to reveal most common hazards. However, it can become just a ticking exercise, so that anything which is not included in the list is not considered. - Checklists usually use closed questions i.e. yes/no answer, so it can be a problem in uncertain situations. They do not provide any quantitative measure or relative ranking 21
- 22. Hazard Spotting As a very simple introduction to hazard identification, hazard spotting is a useful exercise – especially if undertaken by competent and experienced personnel. It can be undertaken during accident investigations, inspections, auditing and as a precursor to a more formal risk assessment 22
- 23. Exposure The Condition of being exposed OR a position in relation to a hazard. Types of exposure: - Physical - Environmental - Potential 23
- 24. Hazard Analysis Risk framework, Risk assessment, JSA, Toolbox, Probabilities, Frequencies and Matrix 24
- 25. Risk Framework Risk is managed at different levels: Annual / Company Wide RA - At the corporate level an annual facility risk / company wide risk assessment is required. - This is mandated by The OSH Act, 2004 (as amended). - This is used to identify critical activities. Critical Activity Risk Assessments. - This is mandated by STOW and requires a high level evaluation of the controls in place for each critical activity and standards adopted to manage them. JSA – Done daily / prior to each task. Toolbox Talk – the last chance to review and discuss before work begins. 25
- 26. Hazard Control Process Identify Workplace Hazards Analyze the workplace Develop solutions Write recommendations Take action Evaluate results 26
- 27. Risk “Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurring” Risk is a function of likelihood x consequences What’s the risk of driving to work? 27
- 28. Likelihood / Probability A measure of how likely the hazard will result in the type of harm. Done mainly through experience. Consequences of the hazard will determine the level of harm that would result should its potential be realized. This can be either qualitative or quantitative – depends upon the study being conducted. 28
- 29. The Matrix When used together with the consequence index and the probability index representing the x and y axis, a matrix is generated that can assist in ranking risk. This is limited due to the fact that opinions of persons in the group may vary. 29
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- 31. Hierarchy of controls Elimination Substitution Engineering Administrative PPE Controls at the top are more effective but more expensive. Controls at the bottom are less effective but cheaper. This creates a conflict that must be managed in the context of feasibility 31
- 32. Elimination & Substitution Most effective Most costly Most difficult to implement Typically easier at the design stage than during retrofit Notwithstanding, retrofit costs, these will be less than the indirect costs of accidents. Examples: Removing the source of excessive temperature, noise etc. Substituting toxic chemicals with less toxic ones 32
- 34. Yes, Accidents cost the company 34 loss of trained worker loss of production damage to machinery damage to equipment wasted materials increased insurance premiums prosecutions fines civil actions legal costs loss of prestige - customers
- 35. Engineering Controls Looks at the facility design and job process to make it safer. Does not focus on the employee. Strategies typically include: -Design or Redesign - Enclosure - Barrier -Ventilation 35
- 36. Administrative Controls Aimed at reducing the employees exposure to the hazard. Looks at safe work practices. NOTE Any system that relies on human behaviour is inherently unreliable. Administrative controls include polices and procedures. Examples include: - Housekeeping Procedure - Inspections - Schedules 36
- 37. PPE The last line of defense. It does not control the hazard itself rather controls the exposure. Employees must be trained to use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 37
- 38. Discussion Surprisingly (or not!) coconut palms are a much higher risk than sharks! 38
- 39. The perception of risk by those who are exposed to it. Perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting and organizing sensory information. - people may actually not perceive a real risk. - different people may perceive the same risk in very different ways (note this). Perception depends on many individual traits such as: - Upbringing, education, training, experience, attitude, personality, organizational culture etc. - Take for example driving on the roads of Trinidad and Tobago, is this high risk? To a local it may or may not be but for a foreigner, they may be traumatized by the experience. 39 Risk Perception
- 40. Risk Perception cont’d As a result of these personality traits, individuals will make: - assumptions, judgments and estimates, and can express opinions. - In the workplace this inconsistent perceptions cannot be allowed as this can result in accidents. - Perceptions affect behaviors. 40
- 41. Who is responsible for Safety? 41 Safety is everyone’s responsibility. It’s important that everyone develop an interest in following safe practices both on and off the job.
- 42. Questions? 42
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