HTML Tags

Paper AC-I 2
HyperText Markup Language
An HTML file is a text file containing
small markup tags
The markup tags tell the Web browser
how to display the page

Paper AC-I 3
By convention all HTML tags begin with
‘<‘ and end with ‘>’
HTML tags can be of two types:
 Container tags
 Standalone tag

Paper AC-I 4
Container tags
A tag is said to be a container, if it
has a companion tag.
Eg. <b> is said to be a container
tag with companion tag </b>

Paper AC-I 5
Stand-alone tags
A tag is said to be stand-alone, if it
does not have a companion tag.
Eg. <BR> is said to be a stand-
alone tag.

Paper AC-I 6
Structure of an HTML
program

Paper AC-I 7
Structure of an HTML program
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>document title goes here</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Document body goes here
Different tags can be used here to format the page
</BODY>
</HTML>

Paper AC-I 8
Commonly used HTML tags
<HTML> tag
<HEAD> tag
<TITLE> tag
<BODY> tag

Paper AC-I 9
Attributes of <BODY> tag
BGCOLOR- changes the default background
color to specified color
BACKGROUND- Specifies an image file that
will be used as the background of the
document
TEXT- changes the body text color from its
default value to the specified color

Paper AC-I 10
Attributes of <BODY> tag (cont..)
TITLE- Displays the title associated with the
background image when the mouse pauses
over that element
etc..

Paper AC-I 11
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>
Body Tag With Attribute
 </title>
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="Blue"
text="Yellow">
Attribute of body tag are as
follow :- <br>
1) bgcolor="blue" :- It use for
giving background color
<br>
2) text="yellow" :- It use for
Font color.
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 12
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>
Body Tag With Attribute
 </title>
 </head>
 <body background="clouds.jpg"
text="blue" >
Attribute of body tag are as follow :-
<br>
1) background="clouds.jpg" :- It
use for giving background
Image<br>
2) text="blue" :- It use for Font
color.
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 14
Heading Tags
The heading tags are used to define the
levels of the headers.
These are container tags.
The six heading tags, written as
<H1>,<H2>,<H3>,<H4>,<H5> AND
<H6> indicate the highest (<H1>) to the
lowest (<H6>) precedence a heading may
have in the document.

Paper AC-I 15
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>
Heading Tag With Attribute
 </title>
 </head>
 <body >
<h1>This is H1 Tag</h1>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 16
The <COMMENT> tag
The comments can be placed within the
<COMMENT> tag.
Instead of <COMMENT>, the 
sequences are used to delimit the
comments. (for browsers other than IE)

Paper AC-I 17
Physical Style Tags

Paper AC-I 18
Physical Style Tags
<B>: contains text to be rendered in bold
<I>: contains text to be rendered in italic
<U>: contains text to be rendered with an
underline
<S>: contains text to be marked with a strike
through character

Paper AC-I 19
<BIG>: renders the text between it and its
</BIG> ending tag one font size larger than
the surrounding text.
<SMALL>: renders the text between it and its
</SMALL> ending tag one font size smaller
than the surrounding text.

Paper AC-I 20
<SUB>: contains text to be rendered as a
subscript to the text that precedes it.
<SUP>: contains text to be rendered as a
superscript to the text that precedes it.

Paper AC-I 21
The <P> tag
The <P> tag defines a paragraph of text.
Each paragraph starts with <P> and ends
with the corresponding </P> tag.
Attributes:
ALIGN: provides content justification
has values: left, center, right and
justify

Paper AC-I 22
The <BR> tag:
Standalone tag
Inserts a line break into a text flow.

Paper AC-I 23
The <HR> tag:
It is used to place horizontal line on page.
Attributes:
ALIGN: aligns the line on the browser screen
to left, center or right.
Default value: center
SIZE: changes the size of the rule
WIDTH: sets the width of the rule

Paper AC-I 24
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>
 Physical Style Tags
 </title>
 </head>
 <body >
 <h1>Physical Style Tags</h1>
 <b>This Tag use for bold</b><br>
 <u>This Tag use for underline the text</u><br>
 <i>This Tag use for italic</i><br>
 <big>This is Big Tag </big><br>
 <small>This is Small Tag</small><br>
 <hr color="red">
 <h2>Example of SuperTag (sup):-
X<sup>2</sup></h2>
 <h2>Example of SubTag (sub):-
X<sub>2</sub></h2>
 <hr color="blue">
 <h2>
 <p align="left">P tag with Left Alignment</p>
 <p align="center">P tag with center
Alignment</p>
 <p align="right">P tag with right
Alignment</p>
 </h2>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 26
LISTS
Used to place a collection of related
items
These are of two types:
–Ordered Lists
–Unordered Lists

Paper AC-I 27
Ordered Lists: used when the sequence of list
items is important.
<OL>: formats the contents of an ordered list.
Attributes:
START: changes the start value of the list
TYPE: sets the numbering style to A, a, I, i, 1.

Paper AC-I 29
 <html><head><title>Physical Style Tags</title></head>
 <body >
 <h2>Order List without using type attribute</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup><ol>
 <li>Sci<li>Comm<li>
 </ol>
 <h2>Order List with type="I"</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup><ol type="I">
 <li>Sci<li>Comm<li></ol><hr color="blue">
 <h2>Order List with type="i"</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup> <ol type="i">
 </ol><hr color="blue">
 <h2>Order List with type="A"</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup><ol type="A">
 </ol><hr color="blue">
 <h2>Order List with type="a"</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup><ol type="a">
 </ol></body></html>

Paper AC-I 30
Unordered Lists: used when related items
have no special order or sequence.
<UL>: defines an unordered list of items.
Attributes:
TYPE: specifies the bullets for each unordered
list item.
values: DISC, SQUARE, CIRCLE

Paper AC-I 32
 <html>
 <head><title>Physical Style Tags</title></head>
 <body >
 <h2>Unorder List without using type attribute</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup><ul>
 </ul>
 <h2>Unorder List with type="square"</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup><ul type="square">
 <li>Sci<li>Comm<li></ul>
 <h2>Unorder List with type="circle"</h2>
 After 10 <sup>th</sup> <ul type="circle">
 </ul>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 33
<LI>: denotes an item in a list.
<DIR>: creates a directory listing. Items in a
directory list are bulleted and generally short. It
is replaced by <UL> tag.
<DL>: denotes a definition list.
<DT>: contains a term to be defined in a
definition list.

Paper AC-I 34
<DD>: contains a terms definition.
<MENU>: creates a menu listing.
– Menu list items are typically short and arranged in a
single column.
– Most browsers render a menu list in the same way
they render a bulleted list.
– Instead of <MENU>, <UL> is used.

Paper AC-I 36
 <html>
 <body >
 <h2>Example of DL , DT, DD Tag</h2>
 <DL>
 <DT>E-COM</DT>
 <DD>Definition of term E-COM<br>
 E-Commerce is the transaction are done on the electronic devices like your
Computer.
 </DD>
 <DT>M-COM</DT>
 <DD>Definition of term M-COM<br>
 M-Commerce is simillar to E-Commerce here the transaction are done on the
electronic devices like your Mobile phone.
 </DD>
 <DL>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 37
The <PRE> tag
The <PRE> tag and its required end tag </PRE>
define a segment inside which the browser
renders a block of text without any formatting.
Displays the text in exactly the same format as
the character and line spacing format defined in
source HTML document.

Paper AC-I 39
 <html>
 <body >
 <h2>Example of Pre Tag</h2>
 <pre>
 *
 E-Commerce is the transaction are
 done on the electronic devices
 like your Computer.
 *
 * * *
 * * * * *
 M-Commerce is simillar
 to E-Commerce here the
 transaction are done on
 the electronic devices
 like your Mobile phone.
 </pre>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 40
Formatting Tags-Phrase
Formatting

Paper AC-I 41
Formatting Tags-Phrase
Formatting
-phrase formatting indicates the “meaning” of
the text it marks up and not necessarily how
the text will be rendered on the browser screen.
<ACRONYM>:
 contains text that specifies an acronym.

Paper AC-I 42
<ABBR>:
 contains text that is an abbreviation of
something. This is useful information for browsers
that are not vision-based.
<DFN>:
 denotes the defining instance of a term. IE
displays such text in italic.

Paper AC-I 43
<EM>:
 contains text to be emphasized. Mostly
rendered in italic.
<ADDRESS>:
 contains either a postal or an electronic mail
address. Text marked with this tag is typically
rendered in italic.

Paper AC-I 44
<CITE>:
 contains the name of a source from which a
passage is cited. The source’s name is typically
rendered in italic.
<CODE>:
 contains chunks of computer language code.
Browsers typically render such text in a fixed-
width font such as Courier.

Paper AC-I 45
<DEL>:
 contains text that has been deleted from the document.
Intended for documents with multiple authors who would
want to see all the content in an original draft, even though
it may have been deleted by a reviewer.
 Attributes:
 CITE: provides the URL of a document that explains why
deletion was necessary.
 DATETIME: puts a “timestamp” on the deletion.
 Similarly, we use <INS> - for inserted text

Paper AC-I 46
<KBD>:
 contains text that represents keyboard input.
Mostly rendered in a fixed-width font (such as
Courier).
<SAMP>:
 contains text that represents the literal output
from a program – sometimes referred to as sample
text. Most browsers render sample text in a fixed-
width font.

Paper AC-I 47
<VAR>:
 denotes a variable from a computer program.
Variables are typically rendered in a fixed-width
font.
<STRONG>:
 contains text to be strongly emphasized.
Browsers typically render strongly emphasized
text in boldface.

Paper AC-I 48
Block-Level Formatting
Tags

Paper AC-I 49
Block-Level Formatting Tags
-usually applied to larger content than the text-
level formatting tags. They define major
sections of a document such as paragraphs,
headings, chapters and so on.
<BLOCKQUOTE>:
 contains quoted text that is to be
displayed intended from regular body text.

Paper AC-I 50
<BR>:
Attributes:
clear : LEFT | RIGHT | ALL
tells which margin to break to when
breaking beyond a floating page element, such
as an image.
Left: breaks to first line in the left margin free of
floating object.
Right: breaks to first clear right margin.
All: breaks to first line in which both the left and
right margin are clear.

Paper AC-I 51
<CENTER>:
centers all text and other page
components it contains.
<HR>:
Attribute: NOSHADE,Color
<H1>-<H6>
<P>
<PRE>

Paper AC-I 52
Tags-Text Level
Formatting

Paper AC-I 53
Formatting Tags-Text Level
Formatting
<BASEFONT>:
– sets base size, color and typeface properties for the
body text font.
– standalone tag
Attributes:
COLOR - default color is black
FACE – set to a list of typefaces that the browser
should use to render the text.
SIZE – indicates the size of the text.

Paper AC-I 54
<FONT>:
– contains text whose font properties are to be
modified.
Attributes:
same as <BASEFONT> tag.
<FONT> is used to change font properties
from the base values provided in the
<BASEFONT> tag or from their default
values.
Note:<FONT> changes properties specified in
the <BASEFONT> tag.

Paper AC-I 56
<html>
<head><title>Physical Style Tags</title></head>
<body >
<font face="Arial Black"><h2>Example of Font Tag And
BaseFont Tag</h2> <font>
<font color="#998899" size="7" face="Comic Sans MS"> font
color is #998899 and size is 7 face is Comic Sans MS</font>
<br>
<font color="teal" size="9" face="Edwardian Script ITC"> font
color is teal and size is 9 face is Edwardian Script
ITC</font><br>
<basefont color="red" size="5" face="Elephant"> basefont color
is red and size is 5 face is Elephant
</body>
</html>

Paper AC-I 57
<TT>:
– contains text to be rendered in a fixed-width font.
Typically, this font is Courier or some kind of
typewriter font.
Other Text Level Formatting Tags:
<B>, <BIG>, <SMALL>, <I>, <S>, <STRIKE>, <U>,
<SUB>, <SUP>

Paper AC-I 59
Two Type Of Link
External Link
Internal Link

Paper AC-I 60
The anchor element uses the <a> and
</a> tags. The anchor element is used to
create both External links and Internal
links
(both of which are otherwise known as
hyperlinks).
The anchor element takes several
attributes like href, title, target or name

Paper AC-I 62
Href attribute and anchor text
 Href attribute to specify the Hyperlink Reference
(that is, a reference to a link’s address).
 The href attribute must point to URL and the URL
should appear in quotes, like this
<a href=“http://www.world.com”> WORLD </a>
In this example, the href is pointing to a Web page at
the URL http://www.world.com
You can link to any type of file

Paper AC-I 63
Ex :-
<a href=“form.html” title=“form” > My Form
</a>
 Whenever you link to a resource, the text enclosed
within the anchor element is highlighted as a link,
and serves as the anchor text that somehow
introduces the resource to which you are linking.
In the above ex. When the user clicks on the My
Form text he is taken to another page called
form.html. Title is the text that will be displayed if
the user takes his mouse over the link as shown
below.

Paper AC-I 65
<html>
<head><title> A Tags</title></head>
<body >
<h2>Example of 'a' Tag with External
Link</h2>
<a href=“rachana.html” title="Information
of Rachana"> Rachana's Information </a>
</body>
</html>

Paper AC-I 67
Name Attribute
The name attribute allows links to be able to
point to a specific part within a document
The appropriate section of the page (where
the street direction are located) can be
named using this anchor element:
<a name=“direction”> Here are directions to
our office : </a>

Paper AC-I 68
Name Attribute con..
Mail link tag and adding a number sing(#)
and the name assigned (in this are,
directions) to the URL. If the normal URL
for the page in http://www.rachana.com
then you would specify the link for the
direction name like this:
<a href=“http://rachana.com/#direction”>
Direction To The Office </a>

Paper AC-I 69
Understanding Relative URLs
 A relative URL simply drops the common part from the URL
and lets the browsers automatically figure out the part that’s
missing. For ex. In the http://www.rachana.com/profile.html
file, instead of specifying
<A HREF=“http://www.rachana.com/profile.html”> profile</A>
Just specify the part that’s different from the current page’s URL
:<a href=“profile.html”>Profile</a>
Whenever anyone chooses the link profile.html, the browser will
automatically change the relative URL into the fully specified
absolute URL http://www.rachana.com/profile.html, and
correct page will be retrieved.

Paper AC-I 70
Linking to Different Parts of
the same Document

Paper AC-I 72
 <html>
 <head><title> A Tags</title></head>
 <body bgcolor="#E7FEFD">
 <h1>Example of 'a' Tag with Internal Link</h1>
 <a name="top">
 <h2><u>This is Top Part of the Page</u></h2>
 </a>
 <pre>
 ^^^^
 ^^^ ^
 *
 ****
 ********
 ************
 ******************
 ||
 ||
 ||
 ========
 <a href="#top"> Goto Top </a>
 </pre>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 73
Image <img> Tag
It’s stand alone Tag

Paper AC-I 74
Attributes of img Tag
1)Src:- in this attribute we specified the
image path with image name and extension
like bmp for Bitmap image, jpg for jpeg
image, gif and so on. Ex :<img
src=“Doll.jpg”>
2)Alt :- alt stand for Alternative Text if any
browser that isn’t displaying image, that
time alternative text will be display.

Paper AC-I 75
<html>
<body bgcolor="#E7FEFD">
<h1>Example of 'img' Tag </h1>
<img src="alice.gif" alt="alice Image">
</body>
</html>
Example of image tag

Paper AC-I 77
Example of alt attribute

Paper AC-I 78
3) Sizing an Image :-
Two attribute are used with the <img> tag to
specify an image’s width and height.
The width and height attribute:
<img src=“doll.jpg” width=“80” height=“100”
alt =“Doll Image”>

Paper AC-I 80
Example Of Width and Height
 <html>
 <h1>Example of 'img' Tag </h1>
 <img src="alice.gif" width="280" height="280"
alt="alice Image">
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 81
4)Border :-
By default, n border appears around an image unless
that image is a link however, you can specify a
border for an image. If you use the border=“1”
attribute in an <img> tag ,then a thin border will
appear around the image. You can specify larger
values for the border attribute as well. There’s no
need to specify border=“0” for a normal image
since border do not appear by default.

Paper AC-I 83
Example of border Attribute
 <html>
 <h1>Example of 'img' Tag with border Attribute</h1>
 <img src="alice.gif" alt="alice Image" border="1">
<b>>> border is 1
 <img src="alice.gif" alt="alice Image" border="5"> >>
border is 5</b>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 84
5) Adding white space with hspace and vspace
:-Using this we can control the amount of
horizontal space with the hspace and the amount
of vertical space vspace attribute
The value of the hspace attribute set the number of
pixels of horizontal while space around the image
(both left & right).
The value of the vspace attribute set the number of
pixels of vertical while space around the image
(both top & bottom).

Paper AC-I 86
Example of hspace & vspace
Attribute
 <html>
 <h1>Example of 'img' Tag with border Attribute</h1>
 <img src="alice.gif" alt="alice Image" hspace="100"
vspace="100"> <b>>> hspace and vspace is 100
 <img src="alice.gif" alt="alice Image" hspace="10"
vspace="10"> >> hspace and vspace is 10</b>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 88
What is Image Map
 Imagine if you have an image of a map of
Mumbai, with many different branch offices of
your company highlighted in different area. It
would be nice if, depending on where the user
clicks, they saw information about a specific
branch-the Andheri branch if they click on
Andheri, or the Borivali branch if they click on
Borivali.
 That kind of image set up is called an image map.
But image maps don’t have to be geographic
maps. you can create a custom image and divide it
up into what ever geographic you like.

Paper AC-I 89
In general, an image map is an image the
contains multiple hot spots or active regions.
your readers access your pre-defined hot spots
by passing the mouse pointer over an area and
them clicking the mouse. Just by passing the
mouse over the hot spots the browser will
usually display the URL of the hot spot in the
status bar.

Paper AC-I 90
Understanding image Map
Types
 Image maps, you must first create an image to use as
a map. Next ,divide it up into regions that lead to
different URLs.
 Finally, in the image tag itself, you’ll include a
special attribute to indicate that the image is actually
an image map. for a client-side image map, use the
USEMAP attribute with the name of a map element.
 Mapping of an image always start with the map name
which specifies the name of the map being created.

Paper AC-I 91
Area tag & attribute
1) Shape :- which specifies the shape of the map. There are three
shapes Rectangles, Circle, Polygon
2) Coords :- these are the points which actually create the map on
the image. These are X and Y co-ordinates of the image.
Rectangle has 4 co-ordinates x1,x2,y1,y2.
Circle has 3 co-ordinates x1,x2,r (r is a radius of the circle).
Polygon’s co-ordinates x1,y1,….xn, yn (n is the number of sides of a
polygon).
3) Href :- it is the file that has to linked by creating the map.
4) Alt :- this is alernative text to be displayed on the browser.
The map is called in the img src tag by the attribute usemap. the “#”
symbol is necessary put before name of the map in usemap
attribute.

Paper AC-I 93
Code for Iamge Map ex.
 <html>
 <h1>Example of 'img map' </h1>
 <img src="Nature.bmp" usemap="#Mymap"> <b>
 <map name="Mymap">
 <area shape="rect" coords="21,16,85,67" href=""
alt="This is Rectangle">
 <area shape="circle" coords="367,134,15" href=""
alt="This is Circle">
 <area shape="poly"
coords="276,327,334,326,366,349,334,386,288,387,257,3
59" href="" alt="This is Poly">
 </map>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 94
Table Tags
It’s Container Tag

Paper AC-I 96
Table Tags
<TABLE>: contains all HTML tags that
compose a table.
Attributes:
– ALIGN: controls how the table is aligned on the
page. Possible values are LEFT, CENTER and
RIGHT.
– BORDER: specifies the thickness of table border
in pixels.
– BGCOLOR: set equal to background color to
use in the cells of the table.
– WIDTH: specifies table width in pixels or % of
browser screen width.

Paper AC-I 97
CELLPADDING: controls the amount of
whitespace between the contents of a cell
and the edge of a cell.
CELLSPACING: specifies how many pixels
of space to leave between individual cells.
FRAME: controls which parts of table’s outer
border are rendered.
Values: ABOVE, BELOW, BORDER, HSIDES, LHS, RHS,
VSIDES, VOID

Paper AC-I 98
RULES: controls which parts of table’s inner
borders are displayed.
– It can take values as:
• ALL: displays a border between all rows & columns.
• COLS: displays a border between all columns.
• GROUPS: displays a border between all logical groups (as
defined by <THEAD>, <TBODY>, <TFOOT>)
• NONE: suppresses all inner borders
• ROWS: displays a border between all rows.

Paper AC-I 99
<TR>: defines a row of a table, table header, table
footer or a table body
Attributes: same as <THEAD>
• <TD>,<TH>: defines a cell in a table.
<TH> creates header cell whose contents will
be rendered in boldface & with a centered
horizontal alignment.
<TD> creates a regular data cell whose contents
are aligned left & in normal font.

Paper AC-I 101
 <html><head><title> A Tags</title></head>
 <h1>Example of Table border Example</h1>
 <table border="1">
 <tr>
 <th>Roll No</th>
 <th>Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1</td>
 <td>Rachana</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2</td>
 <td>Sangeet</td>
 </tr>
</table><h3>Table with border="1"</h3><br><br>
 <table border="7">
 <tr>
 <th>Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1</td>
 <td>Rachana</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2</td>
 </tr>
 </table><h3>Table with border="7"</h3>

Paper AC-I 103
 <html>
 <body text="purple">
 <h1>Example of Table Cellspacing and Cellpadding attribute
Example</h1>
 <table border="1" cellspacing="7" cellpadding="10">
 <tr >
 <th>Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>1</td>
 <td >Rachana</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2</td>
 </tr>
</table>
 <h2>Table's cellspacing="7" cellpadding="10" <br> Cellspacing use for
increasing distance b/w 2 cell. and Cellpadding use for increases distance
b/w cell edge and cell contains.</h2>

Paper AC-I 105
 <html>
 <body text="purple">
 <h1>Example of Table Color and Width & Height attribute Example</h1>
 <table border="1" bgcolor="blue" width="30%" height="20%">
 <tr bgcolor="yellow">
 <th>Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>1</td>
 <td bgcolor="red">Rachana</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
 <td>2</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 <h2>Table's width="30%" - height="20%" - bgcolor="blue" <br>First
Row's bgcolor="Yellow", <br>First Row's Secound column
bgcolor="red"</h2>


Paper AC-I 106
Spanning Table Cell with
Colspan Attribute.
Colspan : this can be used in a cell to make
the cell’s contents merge with another cell.
You can use COLSPAN in either <th> or
<td> tag cell.
Ex. <th colspan=“Number”>
<td colspan=“Number”>
To span two columns, for ex., specify
colspan=“2”. Default value is one cell.

Paper AC-I 108
 <html>
 <body>
 <h1>Example of Table Colspan attribute Example</h1>
 <table border="1" width="30%">
 <tr>
 <th colspan="2">Student Details</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <th>Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>1</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 109
Spanning Table Cell with
Rowspan Attribute
Rowspan : this can be used in a cell to make
the cell’s contents merge with another cell.
You can use ROWSPAN in either <th> or
<td> tag cell.
Ex. <th rowspan =“Number”>
<td rowspan =“Number”>
To span two rows, for ex., specify
rowspan=“2”. Default value is one cell.

Paper AC-I 111
 <html>
 <body>
 <h1>Example of Table Rowspan attribute Example</h1>
 <table border="1" width="30%">

 <tr >
 <th rowspan="2">Roll No</th>
 <th colspan="2">Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <th>First Name</th>
 <th>Surname</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>1</td>
 <td >Khedekar</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2</td>
 <td >Khedekar</td>
 </tr>

Paper AC-I 113
 <body><h1>Example of Nested Table </h1>
 <table border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
 <tr><th>
 <table border="1" width="30%" bgcolor="yellow">
 <tr >
 <th rowspan="2">Roll No</th> <th colspan="2">Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <th>First Name</th> <th>Surname</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>1</td> <td >Rachana</td> <td >Khedekar</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2</td> <td>Sangeet</td> <td >Khedekar</td>
 </tr>
 </table>
 </th>
 <th><table border="1" width="30%" bgcolor="green">

 <tr >
 <th rowspan="2">Roll No</th> <th colspan="2">Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <th>First Name</th> <th>Surname</th>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>1</td> <td >Rachana</td> <td >Khedekar</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>

Paper AC-I 114
<CAPTION>: specifies a caption for a table.
Attributes:
ALIGN: values are TOP, LEFT, BOTTOM, RIGHT
<THEAD>: defines the header section of a table
Attributes:
ALIGN: controls the horizontal alignment within the
cells of table header. values are LEFT, RIGHT,
CENTER, JUSTIFY.
Tags used with <TABLE> tag

Paper AC-I 115
VALIGN: controls the vertical alignment in the
header cells. values are TOP, MIDDLE,
BOTTOM or BASELINE.
 <TFOOT>: defines the footer section of a table
<TBODY>: defines the body section of a table

Paper AC-I 116
Form Tag
Container Tag

Paper AC-I 117
Form Tag
 A form is simply a collection of fields of
information. These fields of information come in
many different varieties, such as text boxes, radio
button, combo box and other element.
 HTML is only responsible for a few specific roles
with forms. The rest of the job is handled by the
browser, the Web sever and a custom program that
you must ensure is in place and working correctly.

Paper AC-I 118
Here’s how the tasks are broken down :-
 HTML element are used with in the form element to create
and name the from controls, format their appearance and
behavior and determine default values.
 An attribute in the form element tells the browser and web
server what program will process the form information.
 The browser displays the form and allows a surfer to fill it
out, collects the information, and sends it to the Web
Server.
 Web sever sends the information to the indicated program.
 The specific program processes the form information (&
usually display a new Web page when it’s done)

Paper AC-I 120
Form Element and its Attribute
The form element is ablock level element
that creates a form area. The form element’s
<form></form>tag contain the form’s
controls along with other text and html
element. Even through you cannot nest a
form inside another forms.

Paper AC-I 121
Using Method and Action Attribute
There are 2 commonly used values for the
METHOD attribute: ie GET and POST. The
default value is GET. GET value added
information in address part but POST is
hide the information in address bar.
Action :- it take value of other page. After
sending information to web server this page
is called.

Paper AC-I 123
 <html>
 <body >
 <h2>
 <form name="f1" method="post" action="thanku.asp">
 Enter Name :- <input type="text" name="t1" maxLength="8"><br>
 Enter Password :-<input type="password" name="p1"
maxlength="4"><br><br>
 Gender :- <input type="radio" name="r1">M
 <input type="radio" name="r1">F<br><br>
 Hobbies :- <input type="checkbox" name="c1">Read
 <input type="checkbox" name="c2">Computer<br><br>
 <input type="button" value="Click">
 <input type="Submit" >
 <input type="Reset" >
 </form>
 </h2>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 125
 <body ><h2>
 <form name="f1" method="post" action="thanku.asp">
 Single selection : <select name="s1">
 <option>11
 <option>12
 <option>13
 <option>14
 </select><br><br>
 Multiple Selection as a list box <select name="s2" multiple>
 <option>11
 <option>12
 <option>13
 <option>14
 </select><br><br>
 With size attribute <select name="s2" size="2">
 <option>11
 <option>12
 <option>13
 <option>14
 </select></form></h2></body></html>

Paper AC-I 126
Frameset Tag
Container Tag

Paper AC-I 127
Frameset Tags
<FRAMESET>: container tag
divides the browser window into frames.
Attributes:
FRAMESET can take the ROWS or COLS attribute, but
not both at the same time. The BORDERCOLOR
attribute can set the color of a frame’s border.
NOTE: <FRAMESET> only breaks up the screen into
multiple regions. We need to use the <FRAME> tag to
populate each frame with content.

Paper AC-I 128
Frames
With frames, one can display more than one
HTML document in the same browser window.
Each HTML document is called a frame, and
each frame is independent of the others.
The disadvantages of using frames are:
– The web developer must keep track of more HTML
documents
– It is difficult to print the entire page

Paper AC-I 129
<FRAME>: standalone tag.
Places content into a frame.
Attributes:
• FRAMEBORDER: setting it to ‘1’ turns on the
frame’s borders; setting it to ‘0’ turns them off.
• SRC: tells the browser the URL of the HTML file
to load into the frame. It is a required attribute of
the <FRAME> tag.
• MARGINHEIGHT: specifies the size (in pixels) of
the top margin of the frame.
• MARGINWIDTH: specifies the size (in pixels) of
the left margin of the frame.

Paper AC-I 130
 NAME: gives the frame a unique name so it can be
targeted by other tags.
 NORESIZE: suppresses the user’s ability to drag and
drop a frame border in a new location.
 SCROLLING:
– controls presence of scrollbars on the frame.
– Setting it to YES makes the browser always put
scrollbars on the frame,
– Setting it to NO suppresses the scrollbars.
– Setting it to AUTO enables the browser to decide if
scrollbars are needed.

Paper AC-I 131
<NOFRAMES>: container tag.
– Provides an alternative layout for browsers that cannot
process frames.
– It is valid only between <FRAMESET> and
</FRAMESET> tags.
<IFRAME>: container tag.
Places a floating frame on a page. Floating frames are
best described as “frames that one can place like
images”.
Attributes:
WIDTH: specifies the width of the floating frame in
pixels.

Paper AC-I 132
ALIGN: values can be TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM,
LEFT, or RIGHT.
Top, Middle & Bottom make text appear next to frame.
Left or Right floats the frame in the left or right margin
HEIGHT: specifies the height of the floating frame in
pixels.
Others are:
FRAMEBORDER, MARGINHEIGHT,
MARGINWIDTH, NAME, SCROLLING, SRC

Paper AC-I 134
Example of Vertical Frameset
<html>
<frameset cols="50%,50%">
<frame src="Image.html">
<frame src="wild.html">
</frameset>
</html>

Paper AC-I 136
Example of Horizontal
Frameset
<html>
<frameset rows="50%,50%">
<frame src="Image.html">
<frame src="wild.html">
</frameset>
</html>

Paper AC-I 138
Ex. Of Nested Frameset
 <html>
 <frameset rows="20%,80%">
 <frame src="Image.html“ scrolling="no">
 <frameset cols="50%,50%">
 <frame src="wild.html">
 <frame src="Image.html">
 </frameset>
 </frameset>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 139
Ex. Of Targeting Frames With The
NAME Attribute. (Navigation Of
Multiple Frame )

Paper AC-I 140
List of HTML Page
1) Link1.html :- This page contains of
Information of Link1
2) Link2.html :- This page contains of
Information of Link2
3) Collection_of_Link.html :- It hold all links.
4) Main.html :- This page contains Frameset to
hold all pages.

Paper AC-I 142
Code For Link1.html Page
 <html>
 <body background="clouds.jpg" text="green">
 <h1>This is Link1 Page</h1>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 143
Code For Link2.html Page
 <html>
 <body background="clouds.jpg" text="green">
 <h1>This is Link2 Page</h1>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 144
Code For CollectionLink.html Page
 <html>
 <body>
 <h2>This is Collection Of Link</h2>
 <a href="Image.html"
target="F1">Link1</a><br>
 <a href="wild.html" target="F2">Link2</a>
 </body>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 145
Code For Main.html Page
 <html>
 <frameset cols="20%,80%">
 <frame src="Collection_Of_Link.html"
scrolling="no" name="F1">
 <frame src="wild.html" name="F2">
 </frameset>
 </html>

Paper AC-I 147
Example of Inline Frame
 <html>
 <body>
 <h1>Example of IFrame Tag Or Inline Frame
</h1>
 <iframe src="wild.html"> </iframe>
 </body>
 </html>

Meta Element
The meta element used to present
document’s meta-information (that is,
information about document itself)
Meta element consist of <meta> tag
The meta tag comes into picture when the
information of document is to be present,
while search engine when search made the
document is searched by going through the
meta tag declared in the document.
Paper AC-I 148

Attributes of meta tag
Name & content :- indicating authorship. For Ex
:-<meta name=“Author” content=“Ram Nath” >
Indicating copyright. For Ex:<meta name=“copyright”
content=“© 2010 XYZ pvt. ltd” >
Increasing search hits with Description and
Keywords. It’s used to help search engines list
describe your page. Ex:<meta name=“keywords”
content=“software, computer, hardware, database”>
Paper AC-I 149

HTML Tags

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