Human Resources( Social Science) Class VIII

Human Resources( Social Science) Class VIII

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  Name: Anupama Mistry Course:B.A.B.Ed. 2 year Roll no.: 22HIS105 Department: History subject: Information and Communication Technology Topic: Human Resources Tagore government college of education . Session 2024-25
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  Human resources  Peopleare a nation’s greatest resource. Nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them into ‘resources’. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource.
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  Distribution of population The way in which people are spread across the earth’s surface is known as the pattern of population distribution. Over 90% of the world’s population lives on about 30% of the land surface. The distributionof the population is uneven.Some areas are crowded, and some areas are sparsely populated. The crowded areas are south and south-east Asia, Europe and northeastern North America. Very few people live in high-latitude areas, tropical deserts, high mountains and areas of equatorial forests. Many more people live north of the Equator than south of the Equator. Almost three-quarters of the world’s people liveon two continents, Asia and Africa. 60% of the world’s people stay in just 10 countries. All of them have more than 100 million people.
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  Density of population Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as “per square kilometer” or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example,areas of water or glaciers.Commonly this is calculatedfor a county, city, country, another territory or the entire world.
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  Factors Affecting distributionof population  Geographical Features   Topography: People prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus as these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities.   The Ganga plains- most densely populated areas of the world  Andes, Alps and Himalayas—sparsely populated.  Climate: People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold.   Examples: Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica.
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   Soil: Fertilesoils provide suitable landfor agriculture.   Examples: Densely populated fertile plains such as Ganga and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang- He, Chang Jiang in China and the Nile in Egypt.   Water: People prefer to live in areas where freshwater is easily available. River valleys of the world are densely populated, while deserts have a spare population.   Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.   Example: Diamond mines in South Africa and the discovery of oil in the Middle East led to the settlingof people in these areas.
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   Social, Culturaland Economic Factors   Social: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more densely populated, e.g., Pune.   Cultural: Places with religion or cultural significance attract people.   Examples: Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican City   Economic: Industrial areas provide employment opportunities, so it attracts a large number of people.   Examples: Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India are two densely populated areas.
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  Population change  Populationchange refers to a change in the number of people during a specifictime. The world population is not stable. It has increased manifolddue to changes in the number of births and deaths. Until the 1800s, the world’s population grew steadily but slowly. Large numbers of babies were born, but they died early too. Causes: no proper health facilities- no sufficient food available for all the people-farmers not able to produce enough to meet the food requirements of all the people. This resultedin a low increase in population. In 1804, the world population hit 1 bn, and later about 155 years later, in 1959, the population reached 3 billion-is, also known as the population explosion. Also, later in 1999, about 40 years later, the population doubled, reaching 6 billion. The main reason for this growth: better food supplies and medicine, deaths were reduced, while the number of births still remainedfairly high.
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  Patterns of populationchange  Rates of population growth vary across the world- Even if the world’s total population is rising rapidly, not all countries are experiencing this growth. Kenya has a high population growth rate, as well as high birth rates and death rates. With improving health care, death rates have reduced, but birth rates still remain high leading to high growth rates. In other countries like the United Kingdom, population growth is slowing because of both low death and low birth rates
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  Population composition  Economicdevelopmenthas little to do with how crowded a place is. Bangladesh and Japan- densely populated. But, Japan is more economically developedthan Bangladesh. People vary in age, sex, literacy level, health condition, occupation and income level. Population composition refers to the structure of the population.
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   The compositionof the population helps to know- the number of males or females, the age group they belong to, how educated they are, what type of occupations they are employed in, and what their income levels and health conditions are. People can study the population composition of a country by looking at the population pyramid or the age-sex pyramid.   A population pyramid shows   • The total population is dividedinto various age groups, e.g., 5 to 9 years, 10 to 14 years.   • The percentage of the total population, subdivided into males and females, in each of those groups.
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  Thank you