Hydrocarbon and its derivatives

HYDROCARBON AND
ITS DERIVATIVES
BY PROF. LIWAYWAY MEMIJE-CRUZ

a molecule whose structure includes only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
also form bonds with other atoms in order to create organic compounds.
presence of carbon is required for a compound to be classified as organic
in all but a few cases, but the presence of a hydrocarbon adds even more
basis for it to be considered organic as there are a few inorganic
compounds that do contain carbon but not hydrogen.
presence of a hydrocarbon in an organic compound means the bonds
between the atoms will be particularly strong, unlike the bonds in inorganic
compounds and in organic compounds that contain a carbon atom.
presence of other atoms leads to hydrocarbons being classified as either
pure (only hydrogen and carbon) or impure (hydrogen or carbon bonded to
other atoms as well as each other).
HYDROCARBON

Many of the natural fuel sources
we use are hydrocarbons.
Compounds like methane,
butane, propane, and hexane are
all hydrocarbons.
Their chemical formulas consist
of only carbon and hydrogen
atoms, in a variety of ratios and
chemical configurations.
NATURAL GAS AND FUELS

Many of the plastics we
use in everyday life and
in industry are made
from long chains of
monomers, formed from
petrochemicals.
These petrochemicals
are simply hydrocarbons
of different chemical
compositions.
PLASTICS

The wax that we use
for a variety of
industries, everything
from candle making
and food preservation
to medical and
industrial uses,
contains hydrocarbons.
PARAFFIN

This common medical
chemical is interesting in
that it contains a
hydrocarbon that is then
bonded to further carbon
atoms. The initial
hydrocarbon, CH3, bonds
to other atoms to form
(CH3)2CHOH.
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

the common substance
that most people are
familiar with is actually a
hydrocarbon that has
been heated to form the
substance tar.
 It is then mixed with
other key industrial
ingredients to form the
mixture that makes up
the road's surface.
ASPHALT

 refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from
hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other
atoms or atoms groups.
 A derivative is something that is based on another source, hydrocarbon derivatives
are based on simple hydrocarbon compounds that contain only hydrogens and
carbons.
 contain at least one element other than hydrogen or carbon, such as oxygen, nitrogen
or one of the halogen atoms (elements in column 7A).
 Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon;
derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy
substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides,
aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds
derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by
corresponding atoms.
HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES AND
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
contain at least one
element other than
hydrogen or carbon,
such as oxygen,
nitrogen or one of the
halogen atoms
(elements in column 7A)
of the Periodic Table.

 halogenated hydrocarbon - compounds derived from
halogen substitution.
 alcohols or phenols – compounds derived from hydroxy
substitution.
 carboxylic acids – compounds derived from carboxy
substitution
 ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes,
ketones, amines and nitriles - compounds derived from
hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being
substituted by corresponding atoms.
DERIVATIVES

(30 September 1834 –
27 June 1892) was a
German chemist who
did research on
hydrocarbons and
contributed to the study
of the history of
chemistry.
CARL SCHORLEMMER

first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning
hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
his definition had greatly promoted the development of the
theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure.
first man who defined organic compound as above scientific
classifications, establishing a scientific system.
first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into
hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated
hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes,
ketones, acids, esters and so on.
SCHORLEMMER

http://www.softschools.com/examples/science/hydrocarbons_ex
https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductCatalog_EN/1320.ht
m
https://study.com/academy/lesson/hydrocarbon-derivatives-
definition-properties.html
https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductCatalog_EN/1320.ht
m
REFERENCES

Hydrocarbon and its derivatives

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