Hydropericardium

Hydropericardium

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  Chapter#303 Hydropericardiumsyndromein poultry (HPS) AmjadKhanAfridi
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  HPSIN POULTRY Introduction Prevalence ofdisease Predisposing factors Symptoms Postmortum findings Vaccination & Treatment Prevention & control Post mortem lesions
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   Hydro-pericardium meanswater in pericardium (the membrane surrounding the heart filled with water)  Also called as Angara, Hydro pericardium pulmonary edema, hepato nephrosis complex or inclusion body hepatitis etc.  First observed in Pakistan in 1987-88.  Caused by Adenovirus strain K31/89  Broilers, layers as well as breeder birds are susceptible birds.  Birds shed virus in feces which is source of infection INTRODUCTION
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  ETIOLOGY Caused by: Fowladenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), Belong: To the FAdV-C species of the Aviadenovirus genus, This is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. Its genome is approximately 45 kb and encodes a number of structural and nonstructural proteins. This virus can be propagated or cultivated in chicken embryo liver and kidney primary cell cultures.
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   In Pakistan,first epidemic in late 1987  Sporadic cases recorded as early as 1985  Recorded in Iraq, Mexico, South and Central America, Russia and Japan  In India, first report in 1994 Prevalence of Disease
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   Highly pathogenicto day old chicks caused 80% mortality.  Most susceptible age is 3 to 5 weeks.  Over crowding.  Unhygienic and poor sanitary conditions.  Presence of hepatotoxins and mycotoxins in feed.  Any type of stress in farm. Predisposing Factors
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   Externally itis very much difficult to diagnose it.  Chalky gray to bright light yellow mucoid droppings.  Jaundice signs in some birds  Enlarged liver  Anaemia  Sudden death.  Sudden mortality in 3rd week peaks in 4/5 week subsides in 5/6 week.  Sometimes birds show signs of difficult breathing. Symptoms
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   Febrile carcasssimilar to gumboro and fowl typhoid.  Most important organ to be observed is heart  Pericardium sac is distended with fluid.  Mostly amount of fluid is 5-8 ml  Color of fluid is clear of light yellow  Non clotted fluid .  Misshapen and flabby heart i.e. soft and cracks on touching.  Sub cutaneous and body fat of pale yellow color  Enlarged, congested, pale and necrotic liver. Postmortem Symptoms
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   No treatmentbut supportive therapy can be done  Protein and fat content of diet reduced.  Provide glucose in water.  Feed grains only.  Provide liver tonic medicines like hepamerz or jetepar @2 teaspoon/gal water. Vaccination and Treatment
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   Adenovirus freechicks  Proper cleanliness and disinfection of the shed.  Isolate sick birds.  Keep all birds of same age.  Hepatotoxin and mycotoxin free feed.  Stress free environment. Prevention and Control
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   No treatment. Vaccinate birds , repeat vaccine only if previous vaccine was done 15-20 days before.  Surviving birds are susceptible to E. coli, respiratory infections, IBD and ND so precautionary measures should be taken.  To avoid secondary infections specially respiratory infections use broad spectrum antibiotics after vaccination. Outbreak Management