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- 1. HYPERTENSION Nehal N. Sharma S.YM.Sc. Nursing
- 2. INTRODUCTION Arterial hypertension, simplystarted is high blood pressure. It is defined as a persistent evaluation of the systolic blood pressure at a level of 140 mm Hg or higher and diastolic blood pressure at a level of 90 mm Hg or higher.
- 3. The American HeartAssociation has recommended guidelines to define normal and high blood pressure.
- 4. Classification Systolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mm Hg) Normal blood pressure Pre hypertension High BP (stage 1) High BP (stage 2) <120 120-139 140-159 Higher than 160 <80 80-89 90-99 Higher than 100
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- 7. Cont… 3. Gender 4.Ethnicity
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- 9. 7. Obesity 8.Nutrients
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- 12. Renin released By kidneys Stress Sympatheticnervous System stimulation Angiotensinogen acts To form angiotensin I, Which is then converted To angiotensin II. ↑Peripherral Vascular resistance ↑Cardiac output Arteriole constriction ↑Peripheral resistance ↑Aldosterone secretion Retention Of sodium And water ↑Blood volume ↑Blood pressure ↑ Heart rate ↑Cardic contractility ↑Vasoconstriction
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- 20. Heart attack orstroke
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- 26. Primary hypertension isthe most common form of hypertension. The cause of primary hypertension is unknown. Some factors also cause the hypertension.
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- 30. lack of exerciseSmoking
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- 33. Some people havehigh blood pressure caused by an underling condition. This type of high blood pressure called secondary hypertension. Various condition and medications can lead to secondary hypertension. Including…
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- 37. 1. White coathypertension White coat syndrome have normal reading at home and only have high readings when their BP is taken by a doctor.
- 38. 2. Isolated systolichypertension It’s not uncommon to have either a systolic number that’s elevate while the diastolic number remains normal. It’s less common for patients to have elevated diastolic number. This condition known as isolated systolic hypertension.
- 39. 3. Persistent Hypertension Characterizedby a diastolic blood pressure above 110 to 120 mm Hg. It results when hypertension is unresponsive to treatment and become a truly severe emergency condition as the pressure continues to rise unchecked.
- 40. • Family history •Physical examination • Vital sign (BP) • Full blood count • Urine albumin • Serum creatinine • Serum lipid profile • ECG • Fasting blood sugar DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
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- 45. Angiotensin isa hormone in the body that causes blood vessels to narrow. The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreases the production of angiotensin and in turn that helps lower blood pressure. • Captopril (25-150 mg/day) • Ramipril (1.25-20 mg/day)
- 46. 2. Alpha blockers Thesemedicines reduces nerve impulses to blood vessels, reducing the effects of natural chemicals that narrow blood vessels. • Prazocin (2-30 mg/day) • Terazocin (1-20 mg/day)
- 47. 3. Alpha- betablockers In addition to reducing nerve impulses to blood vessels, alpha beta blockers slow the heartbeat to reduce the amount of blood that must be pumped through the vessels. • Labetalol (2-30 mg/day) • Carvedilol (12.5-20 mg/day)
- 48. 4. Angiotensin IIreceptor blockers These medications help relax blood vessels by blocking the action, not the formation of a natural chemical that narrows blood vessels. • Valsartan • losartan
- 49. 5.Beta blockers These medicationsreduce the workload on heart and open blood vessels, causing heart to beat slower and with less force. • Propranolol (40-480 mg/day) • Atenolol (25-100 mg/day)
- 50. 6. Calcium channelblockers These medications relax the muscles of blood vessels. Some slow the heart rate. • Diltizem (120-36- mg/day) • Verapamil (90-480 mg/day)
- 51. 7. Diuretics Diureticshelp the kidneys get rid of sodium and water from body. This decreases the volume of blood in the body and lowers blood pressure. • Furosemide (40-240mg/day) • Spironolactone (25-100 mg/day)
- 52. 8. Vasodilators Thesemedications work directly on the muscles in the walls of arteries. • Minoxidil (5-100 mg/day) • Hydralazine (50-300 mg/day)
- 53. DASH Diet : DietaryApproaches to Stop Hypertension
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- 56. 1. Risk forineffective therapeutic regimen management related to no previous learning about the disease process. Use written materials with clear instruction for teaching the client with newly diagnosed hypertension. Teach the client to measure blood pressure at home at least once a week. Record the findings in a diary.
- 57. 2. Imbalanced nutritionmore than body requirements related to high sodium, fat and calorie intake. Give advice for reduce the weight. Mild to moderate sodium restriction. Done the exercises.
- 58. 3.Risk for noncompliancerelated to a lack of understanding about the seriousness of high blood pressure. Done the communication with client. Teaching to the client and his/her family. Ensuring adequate follow up.
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- 60. Lifestyle modifications Sodium restriction Nutritionaltherapy Physical activity Alcohol restriction Relaxation technique Weight reduction
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- 63. Cont… Other types ofhypertension 1. White coat hypertension 2. Isolated systolic hypertension 3. Persistent Hypertension Diagnostic studies
- 64. Cont… Management 1) Medical management 2)Nursing management
- 65. ASSIGNMENT A 52 yearold client has Hypertension how will you manage the condition of client at home? Submission date :
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