I pv4 and ipv6

I pv4 and ipv6

• 1.
  AN OUTLINE OFIPv4 AND IPv6 S.MANIMOZHI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BON SECOURS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, THANAJVUR
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  SUBSTANCES  Introduction  Basicterms  IP Protocol  IP Address  Subnet  Internet Control Protocols  The internet control message protocols  The address resolution Protocol  The reverse address resolution protocol  The gateway routing Protocol  The exterior gateway routing protocol  Casting  Classless Inter Domain Routing  IPV6  Differences between IPv4 and IPv6
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  Introduction  The Internettogether is done by network layer protocol, Internet Protocol.  Communication in the network as, transport layer takes data streams and breaks them up into datagrams. In the destination machine, they are reassembled by the network layer into the original destination.
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  Basic Terms  Protocol A language systems use to exchange information.  Attribute Quantities that involved in the communication. ex: dest.add,message  Value  Assigned value to the attributes. Define the status of the value  The connection start from one network to another network in the way of 1.network id,2.host id
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  The IP Protocol Foundational protocol of the current internet.  Defined by RFC 791 (1981)  Defines a collection of attributes and actions to facilitate inter-network communication  Hosts are designated by 32 bit addresses .  Dotted decimal notation  Network consist of two parts  Network Id indicates the ip address belongs to which network  Host Id  identifies the host within the network id.
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  IP Address  Itconsists of 32 bit address.  8 bit for network ID.  24 bit for host ID.
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  Class full Address Five classes are used based on the information security
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  Class A  IPaddress starts from 0 to 127. totally 128 address  0 and 127 not used as IP address.  Network id 8 bit and host id 24 bit.  In binary the addresses are in the form of 0000 0000 0000 0001 .... …. …. …. 1111 1111
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  Class B  IPaddress starts from 128 to 191. totally 2 30 address  Network id 16 bit and host id 16 bit.  In binary the addresses are in the form of 0000 0000 0000 0001 .... …. …. …. 1111 1111
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  Class C  IPaddress starts from 192 to 223. totally 2 29 address  Network id 24 bit and host id 8 bit.  In binary the addresses are in the form of 192.0.0.0 -192.255.255.255  Class D: 224-239  Class E: 240-255
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  Casting  Casting isthe process of sending message from one host to another host.  Casting type:  Unicast : sending message from one host to host in a different network  Broadcast:  Limited broadcast : send message to all hosts with in the network  Direct cast : send message to the network to everyone in the some other network.
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  Subnet  Separate bignetwork in to small networks  Advantage : • security within sharing • Don’t want big network because of headache • Maintance  Disadvantage: • process requires high transaction when sending msgs.  For Normal Communication : identify network id Host Name process Id  For subnet: Identify network id subnetidhost idprocess id  Subnet works: divide the IP address based on host address. Not network id
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  IPv4 Address  Version indicates the version of the protocol  HL  How long the header  Type of service  Allows the host to tell the subnet what kind of services it wants.  Total length both header and data  Identification field  Needed to allow the destination host to determine which datagram a newly arrived fragment belongs to.  DF Don’t Fragment Router need not to fragment the datagram.  MF More Fragment . It is needed to know when all fragments of a datagram have arrived.  Fragment Offset  Where in the current datagram this fragment belongs.  Time To Live Limit the packet life time.
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  IPv6 Address  Version indicates the version of the protocol  Priority  distinguish between packets whose sources can be flow controlled and those that cannot. Value 0-7  slowing down in the event of congestion. 8-15  whose sending rate is constant even if all packets are being lost.  Flow label it is used to allow a source and destination to set up a psudoconnection with particular properties and requirements.  Payload Length  it tells how many bytes follow the 40 byte header.  Next Header Field the header could be simplified is that there can be additional extension headers.  Hop limit it is used to keep packets from living forever.
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  IPv6 Technical Features Header format simplification  Extended header  Extended address space.  Address auto configuration and renumbering  Duplicate address discovery  New protocol for neighboring nodeinteration  Efficient routing  Built in security  Better support for prioritized delivery in QOS  Route optimized mobility  End to end connectivity
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  Differences between IPv4and IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 addresses are 32 bit length. IPv6 addresses are 128 bit length. IPv4 addresses are binary numbers represented in decimals. IPv6 addresses are binary numbers represented in hexadecimals. IPSec support is only optional. Inbuilt IPSec support. Fragmentation is done by sender and forwarding routers. Fragmentation is done only by sender. No packet flow identification. Packet flow identification is available within the IPv6 header using the Flow Label field. Checksum field is available in IPv4 header No checksum field in IPv6 header. Options fields are available in IPv4 header. No option fields, but IPv6 Extension headers are available. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is available to mapIPv4 addresses to MAC addresses. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is replaced with a function ofNeighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP). Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to manage multicast group membership. IGMP is replaced with Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) messages. Broadcast messages are available. Broadcast messages are not available. Instead a link-local scope "All nodes" multicast IPv6 address (FF02::1) is used for broadcast similar functionality. Manual configuration (Static) of IPv4 addresses or DHCP (Dynamic configuration) is required to configure IPv4 addresses.
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  Issues in Co-Existenceof IPv6 and IPv4  Increased Operating Costs, Management Complexity and Interoperability Problems  End to End Node Connectivity  Security Concerns
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  End to EndNode Connectivity  IPv6 is new E2E protocol for the commercial internet.  IPv6 packets Travel from source to destination mostly unaltered by intermediate devices.  With IPv6, every device can be a server and client simultaneously.  Many devices in the enterprise already cannot serve information since they are behind NATs.
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  Increased Operating Costs,Management Complexity and Interoperability Problems  The resources required in managing networks effectively and systems utilizing both IPv4 and IPv6 are likely to be greater than what
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  Security Concerns  Manycommunication resources will likely be shared by IPv4 and IPv6 protocols during the transition.  Both IPv4 and IPv6 share the forward DNS tree while the reverse DNS trees are separate.  Interoperability will suffer if one administrator controls the forward DNS zone and the IPv4 reverse DNS zone while another administrator controls the IPv6 reverse DNS zone.