![IV. SIMULATION RESULT DISCUSSION
HFSS simulation software was chosen to simulate the
structures shown in the Figures. The VSWR and Radiation
was obtained from simulation. The simulated result of
Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna are shown below.
The figure-4 below shows the Voltage Standing Wave
Ratio (VSWR) versus frequency graph of the designed
antenna. The VSWR is minimum (equal to 1.886031) at 2.4
GHz
Figure 4. VSWR
The following figure-5 shows the 2D Radiation pattern of
the antenna.
Figure 5. 2D Radiation pattern
The following figure-6 shows the gain pattern of the
antenna in the farfield. The direction of the maximum gain
of the antenna is above the patch (i-e, in the direction of
theta), while minor lobes are on the opposite side
Figure 6. 3D Radiation Pattern
V. CONCLUSION
The research motivation of this project is to design slotted
Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN application which
operates in S-band at 2.4 GHz. HFSS simulator is used for
design and simulation of patch Antenna. The Slotted patch
antenna with 50ohms line feed has been designed. The
VSWR of the designed antenna is 1.88, the radiation
Efficiency at 2.4 GHz is achieved. The gain and bandwidth
of single element patch shows the path of further
experiments with arrays of antennas and in the case of dual
polarization. Results & analysis of this antenna indicates
that it is applicable in miniature devices, simple design &
compact size as added advantage, which can easily be used
in embedded wireless system applications.
REFERENCES
[1]. Chandan Kumar Ghosh and Susanta Kumar Parui “Design, Analysis
and Optimization of A Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna Array at
Frequency 5.25 GHz for WLAN-SDMA System” International Journal on
Electrical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 2, Number 2, 2010
[2]. Jaswinder Kaur, Rajesh Khanna “Co-axial Fed Rectangular Microstrip
Patch Antenna for 5.2 GHz WLAN Application” Universal Journal of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering 1(3):94-98, 2013 DOI:
10.13189/ujeee.2013.010306 http://www.hrpub.org
[3]. J. G. Vera-Dimas, M. Tecpoyotl-Torres, P. Vargas-Chable, J. A.
Damián-Morales J. Escobedo-Alatorre and S. Koshevaya “Individual
Patch Antenna and Antenna Patch Array for Wi-Fi Communication”
Center for Research of Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp),
Autonomous University of Morelos State (UAEM), 62209, Av.
Universidad No.1001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
[4]. Ajay Singh and S. C. Gupta of Dehradun Institute of Technology,
Dehradun (India), “Review and Survey of Broadband Microstrip Patch
Antennas”, 2012
[5]. Ray, K. P, “Broadband Microstrip Antennas”, Artech House antennas
and propagation library, 2003.
[6]. C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,” John Wiley
&Sons, New York, 1997.
[7]. R.Garg, P.Bhartia, I.Bahl, and A.Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna
Design Handbook Antennas, John Wiley, 1997
[8]. A. A. Abdelaziz of Department of Electronics and Communications
Faculty of Engineering Misr University for Science and Technology,
paper on “Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna”, 2006
[9]. Md. MarufAhamed, Kishore Bhowmik, Abdulla Al Suman “Analysis
And Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna On Different
Resonant Frequencies For Pervasive Wireless Communication”
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH VOLUME 1, ISSUE 5, JUNE 2012.
ISBN-13: 978-1540513212
www.iaetsd.in
Proceedings of ICAET-2016
©IAETSD 201650](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/designofslottedmicrostrippatchantennaforwlanapplication-161126110126/85/iaetsd-Design-of-slotted-microstrip-patch-antenna-for-wlan-application-3-320.jpg)
iaetsd Design of slotted microstrip patch antenna for wlan application
- 1. Design of Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN application Geant Michael Radje.A1 , Jeevan Kumar.R2 Geant Michael Radje.A (B.Tech,ECE), RGCET,Pondicherry Jeevan kumar.R (B.Tech,ECE), RGCET,Pondicherry 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] Abstract— A simple microstrip patch antenna consists of metallic patch and ground between which is a dielectric medium called the substrate. Microstrip patch antennas are used for communication purposes especially in military and civil applications. In this paper a simple microstrip patch antenna is designed and evaluated using HFSS software at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz . The proposed slotted microstrip patch antenna designed at C-band microwave frequency consist of air filled substrate with coaxial feed requiring very low power dissipation. Recently printed antennas have played a major role in development of antenna at different frequency. The proposed antenna is done on fr4(fr substrate with dielectric permittivity ɛo and the thickness ho will provide with good omnidirectional radiation pattern. It has advantage in simple design, Compact in size and easy in fabrication. Keywords— Slotted Microstrip patch antenna, fr4(frame resistive) substrate , Stripline feeding, HFSS software. I.INTRODUCTION Antenna is a transducer designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. Microstrip antennas have several advantages over conventional microwave antenna and therefore are widely used in many practical applications. Microstrip antennas in its simplest configuration are shown in Fig1. It consists of a radiating patch on one side of dielectric substrate (Єr≤10), which has a ground plane on other side. Microsrtip antennas are used for number of wireless applications such as WLAN, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and many other applications. A simple microstrip patch antenna consists of a conducting patch and ground plane between them is a dielectric medium called the substrate having a particular value of dielectric constant. The dimensions of a patch are smaller as compared to the substrate and ground. Dimensions of a microstrip patch antenna depend on the resonant frequency and value of the dielectric constant. Microstrip antenna is a printed type antenna consisting of a dielectric substrate sandwiched in between a ground plane and a patch. Figure 1. Microstrip antenna configuration 1.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna Nowadays, in mobile communication systems, the requirement of small sized antenna for miniaturization purpose of mobile units has been increased. Hence, reduced size and enhanced bandwidth are the major considerations in microstrip antennas for practical applications. Therefore, study regarding small size and enhanced bandwidth of microstrip antenna has been greatly increased. In the past few years, great progress in the design of small sized microstrip antenna with broadband and gain enhanced performance has been reported hence we select the microstrip patch antenna for WLAN application. These include cutting slots in the radiating patch, in recent times many novel planar antennas have been designed to satisfy the requirements of mobile cellular communication systems. Some Microstrip antennas are also very good choice for applications in communication devices. In this paper, Slotted Microstrip patch antenna has been proposed which operates for 2.4GHz band for WLAN application. Radiating patch and a partial ground. The proposed antenna has compact size which is added advantage to use it. II. ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA For designing of a microstrip patch antenna, we have to select the resonant frequency and a dielectric medium for which antenna is to be designed. The parameters to be calculated are as under. ISBN-13: 978-1540513212 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICAET-2016 ©IAETSD 201648
- 2. Figure2. Structure of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Width (W): The width of the patch is calculated using the following equation Where, 𝑊 = Width of the patch 𝐶0= Speed of light 𝜀 𝑟= value of the dielectric substrate Effective refractive index: The effective refractive index value of a patch is an important parameter in the designing procedure of a microstrip patch antenna. The radiations traveling from the patch towards the ground pass through air and some through the substrate (called as fringing). Bath the air and the substrates have different dielectric values, therefore in order to account this we find the value of effective dielectric constant. The value of the effective dielectric constant (𝜀 𝑟) is calculated using the following equation: Length: Due to fringing, electrically the size of the antenna is increased by an amount of (ΔL). Therefore, the actual increase in length (ΔL) of the patch is to be calculated using the following equation: Where ‘h’= height of the substrate. The length (L) of the patch is now to be calculated using the below mentioned equation: Length (Lg) and width (Wg) of ground plane: Now the dimensions of a patch are known. The length and width of a substrate is equal to that of the ground plane. The length of a ground plane (Lg) and the width of a ground plane (Wg) are calculated using the following equations: III. DESIGNED ANTENNA AND ITS PARAMETERS After an exhaustive literature review of the papers ranging from the year 1996-2014, there have been different types of approaches for making the small size antenna which are used only for WLAN applications. For WLAN technology there are various antennas used at 2.4GHZ frequency, like Micro strip patch antenna or PCB antenna, Chip antenna, Helical Wound Stub antenna, Low Profile Dome antenna, Dipole antenna with flying lead etc. In this paper several parameters of Slotted Microstrip patch Antenna resonating at frequency 2.4GHZ have been investigated using HFSS software. The geometry of patch antenna is shown in figure-1. The design specifications for patch antenna are: Substrate permittivity (ξr) = 4.2 Substrate thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. Length of patch (L) = 50.12 mm. Width of patch (W) = 50.12 mm. Slot Length(L) = 20.24mm Slot Width(W) = 20.24mm Figure 3. Rectangular microstrip patch antenna resonating at 2.4 GHZ. ISBN-13: 978-1540513212 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICAET-2016 ©IAETSD 201649
- 3. IV. SIMULATION RESULT DISCUSSION HFSS simulation software was chosen to simulate the structures shown in the Figures. The VSWR and Radiation was obtained from simulation. The simulated result of Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna are shown below. The figure-4 below shows the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) versus frequency graph of the designed antenna. The VSWR is minimum (equal to 1.886031) at 2.4 GHz Figure 4. VSWR The following figure-5 shows the 2D Radiation pattern of the antenna. Figure 5. 2D Radiation pattern The following figure-6 shows the gain pattern of the antenna in the farfield. The direction of the maximum gain of the antenna is above the patch (i-e, in the direction of theta), while minor lobes are on the opposite side Figure 6. 3D Radiation Pattern V. CONCLUSION The research motivation of this project is to design slotted Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN application which operates in S-band at 2.4 GHz. HFSS simulator is used for design and simulation of patch Antenna. The Slotted patch antenna with 50ohms line feed has been designed. The VSWR of the designed antenna is 1.88, the radiation Efficiency at 2.4 GHz is achieved. The gain and bandwidth of single element patch shows the path of further experiments with arrays of antennas and in the case of dual polarization. Results & analysis of this antenna indicates that it is applicable in miniature devices, simple design & compact size as added advantage, which can easily be used in embedded wireless system applications. REFERENCES [1]. Chandan Kumar Ghosh and Susanta Kumar Parui “Design, Analysis and Optimization of A Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna Array at Frequency 5.25 GHz for WLAN-SDMA System” International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 2, Number 2, 2010 [2]. Jaswinder Kaur, Rajesh Khanna “Co-axial Fed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5.2 GHz WLAN Application” Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 1(3):94-98, 2013 DOI: 10.13189/ujeee.2013.010306 http://www.hrpub.org [3]. J. G. Vera-Dimas, M. Tecpoyotl-Torres, P. Vargas-Chable, J. A. Damián-Morales J. Escobedo-Alatorre and S. Koshevaya “Individual Patch Antenna and Antenna Patch Array for Wi-Fi Communication” Center for Research of Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp), Autonomous University of Morelos State (UAEM), 62209, Av. Universidad No.1001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México [4]. Ajay Singh and S. C. Gupta of Dehradun Institute of Technology, Dehradun (India), “Review and Survey of Broadband Microstrip Patch Antennas”, 2012 [5]. Ray, K. P, “Broadband Microstrip Antennas”, Artech House antennas and propagation library, 2003. [6]. C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,” John Wiley &Sons, New York, 1997. [7]. R.Garg, P.Bhartia, I.Bahl, and A.Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook Antennas, John Wiley, 1997 [8]. A. A. Abdelaziz of Department of Electronics and Communications Faculty of Engineering Misr University for Science and Technology, paper on “Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna”, 2006 [9]. Md. MarufAhamed, Kishore Bhowmik, Abdulla Al Suman “Analysis And Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna On Different Resonant Frequencies For Pervasive Wireless Communication” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 1, ISSUE 5, JUNE 2012. ISBN-13: 978-1540513212 www.iaetsd.in Proceedings of ICAET-2016 ©IAETSD 201650