Ieee Intel
- 1. Evolution of microprocessorsIntel 4004Intel 8008,8080, 8088Intel 8086,8088, 80188Intel 80186,80286, 80386,80486… Intel Core Series Intel Pentium Series
- 2. 80186 Microprocessors Features :The Intel 80186 was introduced in 1982. It was based on the Intel 8086.
- 3. The total addressable memory size is 1MB KB.
- 4. Processor instructions use 16-bit pointers the processor can effectively address only 64 KB of memory.
- 5. 16 bit external data bus multiplexed with 20 bit address bus.On-Chip-Peripherals :Clock generator
- 6. Two independent high-speed DMA channels
- 7. Programmable interrupt controller
- 8. Three programmable 16-bit timers
- 9. Programmable wait state generator
- 10. Local bus controller
- 11. Programmable memory and peripheral chip-select logicElectrical Parameter :
- 12. 80286 MICROPROCESSORFeatures : The Intel 80286, introduced on February 1, 1982, (originally named 80286, and also called iAPX 286 in the programmer's manual) was an x86 16-bit microprocessor with 134,000 transistors.
- 13. 16 MB of memory to be addressed by the on-chip linear memory management unit (MMU) with 1 GB logical address space.
- 14. The 80286 provided the first glimpse into the world of the protection mechanisms, allowing Real program multitasking.
- 15. It has three times the performance of any other 16-bit chip on the market.Description :Frequency 4 MHz.
- 16. Manufacturing Process - 1.5 micron.
- 17. Data width 16 bits.
- 18. Physical memory – 1 MB (real mode), 16 MB (protected mode).
- 19. Virtual Memory 1GB.Electrical Parameter :
- 20. 80386 MICROPROCESSORFeatures :The Intel 80386, also known as the i386, or just 386, was a 32-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1985.
- 21. It had 275,000 transistors and were used as the central processing unit (CPU) of many personal computers.
- 22. The 80386 added a 32-bit architecture and a paging translation unit, which made it much easier to implement virtual memory. It also had support for hardware debugging.Description : Manufacturing process - 1.5 micron High speed CHMOS, 275,000 transistors.
- 23. Data width – 32 bits.
- 24. Physical Memory – 4 GB.
- 25. Virtual Memory – 64 TB.Electrical Parameter :
- 26. 80486 MICROPROCESSORFeatures :The Intel i486 (or 80486) was announced at Spring Comdex in April 1989.
- 27. The 80486 was the first tightlypipelined x86 design.
- 28. It use more than a million transistors, it represents a fourth generation of binary compatible CPUs.
- 29. It was 32-bit x86 design. Description :Manufacturing process – 0.8 and 1 micron1,185,000 transistors (1 micron) and 900,000 transistors (0.8 micron).
- 30. Data width – 32 bits.
- 31. Level 1 cache size - 8 KB 4-way set associative unified code and data cache.
- 32. Physical memory – 4 GB.
- 33. Virtual Memory – 64 TB.
- 34. On-chip peripherals - Memory management unit.Electrical Parameter :
- 35. PENTIUM IFeatures : Intel's 5th generation of x86 line of processors.
- 36. Binary compatible with older generations of x86 processors.
- 39. Superscalar architecture (2 pipe-lined integer units + 1 pipe-lined FPU).
- 41. Separate 16 KB code and 16 KB data cache.
- 43. 3.3V input/output level and 2.8V core.New 67 MMX instructions and 4 new 64 bit data types.
- 44. Description: Manufacturing Process - 0.35 micron CMOS process, 4.5 million transistors.
- 45. Data Width – 32 (64 bit data bus) bit.
- 46. Level 1 cache size - 16 KB 4-way set associative code cache, 16 KB 4-way set associative write-back data cache.
- 47. Physical Memory – 4 GB.
- 48. Multiprocessing - Up to 2 processors.
- 49. Low power features - System Management Mode, Clock Control, SL power-management features.
- 50. On-chip peripherals - Memory Management Unit, Local Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller.
- 51. Minimum bus frequency is 33 MHzElectrical parameters :
- 52. PENTIUM IIFeatures : The Pentium II brand refers to Intel's sixth-generation micro architecture and introduced on May 7, 1997.
- 53. Pentium II featured an improved version of the first P6-generation core of the Pentium Pro, which contained 5.5 million transistors.
- 54. the Pentium II CPU was packaged in a slot-based module rather than a CPU socket.
- 55. The improved 16-bit performance and MMX support made it a better choice for consumer-level operating systems, such as Windows 9x.
- 56. All versions of the Pentium II are packaged on a special daughterboard that plugs into a card-edge processor slot on the motherboard.Description: Manufacturing process - 0.35 micron, 7.5 million transistors.
- 57. Data Width – 32 bits.
- 58. Data bus Width – 64 bits.
- 59. Floating Point Unit – integrated.
- 60. Level 1 cache size - 16 KB code, 16 KB data.
- 61. Level 2 cache size - 512 KB unified cache running at 1/2 of processor frequency.
- 62. Physical memory – 64 GB.
- 63. Low power features – Auto HALT state, Stop Grant state, Sleep state, Deep sleep state.Electrical parameters :
- 64. PENTIUM IIIFeatures : The Pentium III brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile microprocessors based on the sixth-generation Intel P6 micro architecture introduced on February 26, 1999.
- 65. These Pentium III CPUs were packaged in SECC 2 package, plugged into Slot 1 connector, used the same 0.25 micron manufacturing technology.
- 66. It had Processor Serial Number, or PSN. Due to privacy concerns this feature was by default disabled on many motherboards.Description: Manufacturing process - 0.25 micron, 9.5 million transistors.
- 67. Data Width – 32 (64 bit Data bus) bit.
- 68. Floating Point Unit – Integrated.
- 69. Level 1 cache size - 16 KB instruction cache, 16 KB data cache.
- 70. Level 2 cache size - Half-speed in-package 512 KB.
- 71. MMX technology.
- 73. Low power features – Auto HALT state , Stop Grant state , Sleep state , Deep Sleep state , System Management Mode.
- 74. Multiprocessing – Up to 2 processors.Electrical parameters :
- 75. PENTIUM 4Features :Intel Pentium 4 microprocessors were based on completely new Net Burst micro-architecture.
- 76. One of key features of Pentium 4 processor was Hyper-Pipelined Technology - 20-stage pipeline, that was two times longer than in previous generation of Pentium processors.
- 77. Trace Execution Cache, Advanced Transfer Cache, Enhanced Branch prediction, Quad Data Rate bus and Hyper-Threading technology.
- 78. have only one CPU core. Dual-core microprocessors based on Net Burst micro architecture were branded as Pentium D.Description:Manufacturing process – 0.13 micron CMOS technology55 million transistors.
- 79. Data width – 32 bits.
- 80. Floating Point Unit – Integrated.
- 81. Level 1 cache size - Execution trace cache for up to 12K decoded micro-operations, 8 KB data cache.
- 82. Level 2 cache size - 512 KB 8-way associative full-speed on-die cache.
- 83. MMX, SSE, SEE 2.
- 84. Low power features - System Management Mode, Auto-HALT mode, Stop Grant mode, Sleep mode .Electrical parameters :