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The document presents research on the simulation of a QPSK modulator using FPGA, detailing the theoretical framework of digital communication systems and QPSK modulation. It describes the implementation of the modulator algorithm in VHDL on Xilinx ISE 9.2 and discusses the results of various input data streams for real and imaginary channel generation. The conclusion emphasizes the system’s potential to enhance data rates while minimizing power requirements through FPGA technology.
![Tushar V. Kafare et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1473-1475
www.ijera.com
Fig 3.4 I&Q channel Generation by simulation
The device utilization is provided in the last
diagram i.e. no of flip flops , IOBs ,LUTs and GLCKs
.The device utilization gives the part of Spartan 3 kit
and FPGA so that we can calculate the total power
required. Device utilization summary gives the
information related to the QPSK can be
implementated in fast mode to enhance data rates also
it will gives idea about system integrity.
If the used blocks of the fpga are less in
number then power saving is done.
Fig 3.5 device utilization summary
Field-programmable gate arrays are re
programmable hardware chips for digital logic design.
FPGAs are an array of logic gates that can be
configured to construct arbitrary digital circuits. These
circuits are specified using either circuit schematics or
hardware description languages such as Verilog or
VHDL. A logic design on an FPGA is also referred to
as a soft intellectual property core (IP-core). Existing
commercial libraries provide a wide range of
predesigned cores, including those of complete CPUs.
Such a More than one soft IP-core can be placed onto
an FPGA chip.
IV.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
WORK
The purpose of this work is to develop a
system to modulate the data using FPGA so that we
can provide the security to the data as well as to
enhance the data rate of the communication. The real
www.ijera.com
and imaginary part of QPSK signal is generated by
fpga and it can add externally to get QPSK signal.
The Main aim of project is to implement this
communication system on the tool Spartan 3 provided
by Xilinx so that we can minimize the power require.
Also we can speed up the communication because
FPGA implementation provides the high speed
operation.
REFERENCES
[1]
E.Normark, Lei.Yang, C.Wakayama, P.Nikitin,
R, Shi “VHDL AMS Behavioral Modeling and
simulation of a pi/4DQPSK transceiver system”
[2]
T.J.Kazmierski, F.A.Hamid “Architectural and
parametric optimization of low-pass RF anlog
Filter in VHDL – AMS based high level
synthsis”BMAS2004, San Jose,20-22 oct20042.
[3]
G.C.Cardarilli, R. A.Del Re.RE, L.Simone
Nicol, “Otimized QPSK Modulaator for DVB-S
Applications,” ISCAS 2006 IEEE.
[4]
Douglas.L.Perry “VHDL Programming by
Example”Mc.Grawh. USA: Academic 2002,
pp. 842- 8681
[5]
www.altera.com/literature/univ/upds.pdf.(UP2e
dicational board datasheet).
[6]
Roger.Lipsett,Carl.Schaefer,
Cary.Ussery
“VHDL Hardware Description and design”
pp842-868
[7]
H.Bochnick,W.Anheier “FIR filter design using
Verilog and VHDL”.Italy April.16-26.1993
[8]
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/7180/19335/0089
3288.pdf (“IEEE standred VHDL Language
Reference Manual”
[9]
F.Ahamed, A.Scorpino,“An educational digital
communications project using FPGAs to
implement a BPSK Detector”, IEEE
Transactions on Education, Vol.48, No.1, 2005,
pp.191-197.
[10] System Generator for DSP. Getting Started
Guide. Xilinx. 2008.
[11] S.O.Popescu, G.Budura, A.S.Gontean, “Review
of PSK and QAM – Digital Modulation
Techniques on FPGA”, International Joint
Conference on Computational Cybernatics and
Technical
Informatics
(ICCC-CONTI),
Romania, 2010, pp.327-332.
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- 1. Tushar V. Kafare et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1473-1475 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.ijera.com OPEN ACCESS Simulation of Qpsk Modulator to Generate Real and Imaginary Channel Tushar V. Kafare*1, Prof .Col.Vijay Joshi*2, *1(E &TC department, GHRCEM Pune, India.) *2(Head of E&TC Department, GHRCEM Pune, India) Abstract In this paper we present a theoretical background of the digital communication systems and the QPSK modulation. The main purpose is to design the QPSK system on FPGA. The simulation of a QPSK Modulator to generate the real and imaginary channel is done using Xilinx ISE9.2 .the modulator algorithm has been implemented using the VHDL language on Xilinx ISE 9.2.The modulated signal obtained in the form of I and Q channel. Simulation is checked by applying different data stream at input and observing the real and imaginary part. Keywords: Modulation, Simulation, FPGA, QPSK. I. INTRODUCTION Digital modulation is the process by which digital symbols are transmitted into waveforms that are compatible with the characteristics of the channel. The modulation process converts the signal in order to be compatible with available transmission facilities. At the receiver end, demodulation must be accomplished by recognizing the signals.The DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) is one of the basic binary modulation technique .It has as a result only two phases of the carrier, at the same frequency ,but separated by 90º . The QPSK uses four points on the constellation diagram, equi spaced around circle .With four phases, QPSK can encode two bits per symbol, given with gray coding to minimize the bit error rate (BER).Sometimes misperceived as twice the BPSK. indicates the implementation of higher-order PSK. Writing the symbols in the constellation diagram in terms of the sine and cosine waves used to transmit them. The implementation of QPSK involves changing the phase of the transmitted waveform. QPSK is one of the most popular digital modulation techniques used for Satellite communication and sending data over cable networks. Its popularity comes from both its easy implementation and pliability to noise. Each finite phase change representing unique digital data. A phase modulated waveform can be generated by using the digital data to change the phase of a signal while its frequency and amplitude stay constant. The paper is organized into 4 sections .Introduction which represents section 1 describes basics of the QPSK Modulation. In section 2, I offer information about the software tools used and simulation techniques of QPSK Modulator in Xilinx a section 3 is dedicated to the result. The final section 4 Presents conclusion and future work. II. Fig 1.1 QPSK generation The QPSK can be used either to double the data rate compared with BPSK system while maintaining the same bandwidth of the signal. To maintain the data rate of BPSK but having the bandwidth needed in this latter case the BER of BPSK is same as that of BER of QPSK. The implementation of QPSK is more general than that of BPSK and also www.ijera.com QPSK IN XILINX ISE SIMULATOR Here, I have written VHDL code for the QPSK generation using Xilinx Simulator. The real channel generated by passing all incoming even part to it. And imaginary part is generated by passing all odd part to the channel .I am going to implement QPSK generation on the Spartan 3 kit by Xilinx the adder can be implement in the hardware of FPGA so that it can take less power to operate. Here sin and cos signals are generated by dividing the clock and provided the phase difference between both. 1473 | P a g e
- 2. Tushar V. Kafare et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1473-1475 www.ijera.com Fig 4.2 gives the detailed description of the interconnection between input and output. Fig.2.1: Generation of I &Q channel The high frequency clock is reserved for Spartan 3 kit implementation and the divided clock is used to generate the I & Q signals. If we divide the clock in higher amount then the incoming signals can be separated fastly. Enable input is provided to start the separation of input bit and clock edge decides the speed . the next chapter describes the result of simulation of QPSK generation in Xilinx. III. SIMULATION RESULT Fig 3.1 specifies the RTL schematic of the design which gives the port map i.e. inputs the system and outputs from the system. Fig 3.2 Interconnection Diagram The following figure indicates the possible combination of inputs that can be given the the simulation of QPSK modulation. The clock signal must have high frequency so that the information send is maximum. The actual conversion start when enable signal is provided. Fig 3.1 RTL schematic in simulator Fig 3.3 Test input According the given input combination we can obtain the simulation result that is specified in www.ijera.com next diagram all the signals i.e. divided clock, counter, input data stream sin and cos also I and Q channels. 1474 | P a g e
- 3. Tushar V. Kafare et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp.1473-1475 www.ijera.com Fig 3.4 I&Q channel Generation by simulation The device utilization is provided in the last diagram i.e. no of flip flops , IOBs ,LUTs and GLCKs .The device utilization gives the part of Spartan 3 kit and FPGA so that we can calculate the total power required. Device utilization summary gives the information related to the QPSK can be implementated in fast mode to enhance data rates also it will gives idea about system integrity. If the used blocks of the fpga are less in number then power saving is done. Fig 3.5 device utilization summary Field-programmable gate arrays are re programmable hardware chips for digital logic design. FPGAs are an array of logic gates that can be configured to construct arbitrary digital circuits. These circuits are specified using either circuit schematics or hardware description languages such as Verilog or VHDL. A logic design on an FPGA is also referred to as a soft intellectual property core (IP-core). Existing commercial libraries provide a wide range of predesigned cores, including those of complete CPUs. Such a More than one soft IP-core can be placed onto an FPGA chip. IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The purpose of this work is to develop a system to modulate the data using FPGA so that we can provide the security to the data as well as to enhance the data rate of the communication. The real www.ijera.com and imaginary part of QPSK signal is generated by fpga and it can add externally to get QPSK signal. The Main aim of project is to implement this communication system on the tool Spartan 3 provided by Xilinx so that we can minimize the power require. Also we can speed up the communication because FPGA implementation provides the high speed operation. REFERENCES [1] E.Normark, Lei.Yang, C.Wakayama, P.Nikitin, R, Shi “VHDL AMS Behavioral Modeling and simulation of a pi/4DQPSK transceiver system” [2] T.J.Kazmierski, F.A.Hamid “Architectural and parametric optimization of low-pass RF anlog Filter in VHDL – AMS based high level synthsis”BMAS2004, San Jose,20-22 oct20042. [3] G.C.Cardarilli, R. A.Del Re.RE, L.Simone Nicol, “Otimized QPSK Modulaator for DVB-S Applications,” ISCAS 2006 IEEE. [4] Douglas.L.Perry “VHDL Programming by Example”Mc.Grawh. USA: Academic 2002, pp. 842- 8681 [5] www.altera.com/literature/univ/upds.pdf.(UP2e dicational board datasheet). [6] Roger.Lipsett,Carl.Schaefer, Cary.Ussery “VHDL Hardware Description and design” pp842-868 [7] H.Bochnick,W.Anheier “FIR filter design using Verilog and VHDL”.Italy April.16-26.1993 [8] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/7180/19335/0089 3288.pdf (“IEEE standred VHDL Language Reference Manual” [9] F.Ahamed, A.Scorpino,“An educational digital communications project using FPGAs to implement a BPSK Detector”, IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol.48, No.1, 2005, pp.191-197. [10] System Generator for DSP. Getting Started Guide. Xilinx. 2008. [11] S.O.Popescu, G.Budura, A.S.Gontean, “Review of PSK and QAM – Digital Modulation Techniques on FPGA”, International Joint Conference on Computational Cybernatics and Technical Informatics (ICCC-CONTI), Romania, 2010, pp.327-332. 1475 | P a g e