Imelda Ppt Improved 1 March 2021 (1) (3) (1).pptx
- 1. THE IRARUTU FOLK SONGS: THEIR FUNCTIONS, TYPES, AND METAPHORICAL EXPRESSIONS A THESIS PROPOSAL Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Magister Pendidikan (M. Pd.) Degree in English Education By IMELDA J. NASIRA 20180111025002 ENGLISH EDUCATION GRADUATE PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION CENDERAWASIH UNIVERSITY 2021
- 2. I. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Culture is defined as the total set of beliefs, attitudes, customs, behavior, social habits of the members of a particular society (Richard, Jack C. et al, 1992; p. 94). Wardaugh (1992; p. 217) called it in the sense of ‘high culture’ that can be appreciated like music, literature, and so on.
- 3. Irarutu Folk Songs are one of Fak-fak, Kaimana, and Bintuni cultural heritage, it is the fundamental order of life before the modern world came there. There are two kinds of folksong in Irarutu’ culture. The first is ground songs ( Ron Kami ) and the secod is sirus songs ( Ron Sirus). Each songs is adjusted to the rituals in Irarutu tribe.
- 4. Map 1.1 Map of Fak-fak
- 5. 1.2 Scope and Limitation As researcher explained in the previous section, literature consists of three major kinds: drama, prose, and poetry. However, in this case, the object of this study only deals with poetry, especially oral poetry in the form of Irarutu s traditional songs.
- 6. 1.3 Research Questions 1. What are the functions of the Irarutu folksongs? 2. What are the types revealed to the Irarutu folksongs? 3. What metaphorical expressions are there found in the Irarutu folksongs?
- 7. 1.4 Objectives of the Study Based on the research question above, the objectives of the research are as follows: 1. To find out and explain the functions of the Irarutu folksongs. 2. To reveal and explain the types in he Irarutu folksongs. 3. To find out and elaborate the metaphorical expressions in the Irarutu folksongs.
- 8. 1.7 Thesis Organization This proposal consists of three chapters, organized as follow: Chapter one is the introduction, Chapter two contains a review of related literature, and Chapter three discusses the Research Methodology.
- 9. II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Oral Literature Oral literature is motivated by the habits of life of the community and the environment around it. There are some arches of oral literature in different countries.
- 10. 2.1.1 Oral Literary forms There are two types of oral literature: folktales and folksongs. Folktale is part of prose, while folksong is poetry. They arise, live, and develop in similar situations strategies.
- 11. 2.1.2 Functions of Oral Literature Wijaya (OL. 2012) puts forth two types of literature: literature of power and literature of knowledge. Literature of power moves the heart and mind of the readers; literature of knowledge has function to teach and give particular values, messages, and themes to the readers.
- 12. 2.1.3 Theme Kennedy and Dana (1995. p. 189) define theme as general idea or whatever insight the entire story reveals. They also mention that theme is a length of rope with which the writer, patently and mechanically trusses the story neatly into meaningful shape.
- 13. 2.1.4 Definition of Metaphor ‘Metaphor’ is from Greek, consisting of meta and pherein. ‘Meta’ means over, while ‘pherein’ means to carry. Lakoff and Johnson (1980. p. 1) mention that metaphor is for most people a device of the poetic imagination and the rhetorical flourish-a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language. They said that metaphor is typically viewed as characteristic of language alone, a matter of words rather than thought or action.
- 14. 2.1.5 Types of Metaphor and Metaphorical Expression There were a number of types of metaphors given by experts. One of them is Nordquist , saying that there are fourteen types. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) give 3 types: structural metaphors, ontological metaphors, and orientation metaphors
- 15. 2.1.6 Metaphor imagery based on Hierarchy of Human Perception Humans cannot be separated from their environment in thinking and creating metaphors, because human always interact with the environment. The perception space occur systematically and regularly until it becomes a hierarchy. According to Haley as quoted in Wahab (1995. p. 77), the hierarchical factors of human ecology perception can influence the imagery of metaphors and these are: Being, Cosmos, Energy, Subtance, Terrestial, Obejct, Living, Animate, Human
- 16. Category Sample of Nominm Prediction BEING truth, love There is, are COSMOS sun, earth, moon, stars used space ENERGY light, wind, fire move SUBSTANCE steam, gas, fog bruised TERRESTRIAL mountains, seas, lakes spread out OBJECT Water, oil, broken LIVING Flora growth ANIMATE Fauna Walk, run HUMAN Man, Woman think Tabel.2.1 Category of Human Ecology Perception by Michael Haley
- 17. 2.2. Previous Studies There are various studies related to the subject of this research that have been carried out previously by some other researchers. The research about Irarutu folksongs have never been done by any experts. Titir Tumor & Lakadinding: Identitas Budaya Etnik Mbaham – Matta- Wuh Fakfak – Tanah Papua by Ina Samosir Lefaan, M. Pd & Heppy Leunard Lelapary, M. Pd (2015): Fenomena Titir Tumyor dan Lakkadinding dalam perspektif Sosiologi seni dan Semiotika budaya – Semiotika musik - Ulasan historis Titir Tumyor dan Lakadinding.
- 18. 2.3 A Brief Overview of Irarutu Culture (a) Geographical Situation The Irarutu tribe is scattered in coastal areas and mountainous areas in three districts, namely; Teluk Bituni Regency, Kaimana Regency and Fak-fak Regency in West Papua Province. (b) Language The literal meaning of Irarutu according to the perspective of some of the old people who was encountered; Irarutu means language, expression, speech. Meanwhile, Tu means true. Irarutu means the correct language. (c) Religion and Culture The spread of religion in the Irarutu tribe is three types, most of which inhabit the coastal areas embracing Islam and Protestantism while the mountain parts is Catholicism. Customary life in the Irarutu tribe still maintains traditional ceremonies, namely the traditional ceremony for the birth of a baby, traditional marriage ceremonies, traditional ceremonies for death, and traditional sirus ceremonies as a tradition that must be carried out from generation to generation.
- 19. 2.4 Pedagogical Implication Lazar (1993, p. 14) argued the reasons of using literary work as an alternative material in teaching language are as follow: (1) literary work is a pleasant reading object, (2) it authentic language, which opens students mind, indirectly. From these situation students have broader exposure in the language. Oral poetry, when already translated into English, can also be used to teach both English, literary concepts, and the culture itself.
- 20. III. Research Method 3.1 Approach and Kind of Research Research method that will be used in this study is qualitative research method. According to Creswell (2014, pp. 1-2) that there are three approaches or methods in doing a research: qualitative research, quantitative research, and the mixed of both. Purba, (2014, p. 18) mentioned that qualitative research is a field-study of life or condition of a group of people or something else by using participant observation technique and in depth interviewing technique to describe the sample.
- 21. 3.2 Presence of the Researcher in the Setting This research is planned to be done in about 3 (three) weeks, it will start from February 2021 through the end on March, 2021. The researcher will be in the setting during this time and interview the resource persons and observe how the Irarutu folksongs are carried out.
- 22. 3.3 Site of the Research The researcher has chosen the research location to be Bintuni regency. The reason for choosing this site is because most indigenous people of irarutu live there and more elderly who have knowledge of history, cultural background, beliefs, arts, and specifically about Irarutu folksongs, that are unique to the Irarutu people and would serve as a valid source.
- 23. 3.4 Sources of Data Lofland and Lofland, (1984) as quoted in Gaspeersz (2016, p. 54) say that the data sources of qualitative research are the words and the actions obtained through the interview and observations with the informants, added by documents and other sources. This is what will be done in this study.
- 24. Criteria for Informants are follows: - 5-8 Informants Minimum 40 years old Understand the object “Irarutu Folk Songs” Speak Irarutu and Indonesian well Minimum graduate in Elementary School The Sources are clear, trustworthy, and acceptable by the public
- 25. 3.4.1 Primary Data The primary data meant in this study are the lyrics of Irarutu Folksongs as follows: (1) Ron Kami, (2) Ron Sirus, (3) Ron Wasi, (4) Ron Miringgi, (5) Ron Fefuasi, (6) Ron Siwemur, (7) Jaur, (8) Ron Samba, (9) Ron Iri, (10) Ron Fit, (11) Ron Je Nena, (12) Ron Tro, and (13) Ron Reror, Ron Tnyengg.
- 26. 3.4.2 Secondary Data Secondary data are obtained from written sources. Like previous studies and expert opinions relating to object of the research. In addition, the researcher will also obtain secondary data orally from persons who are considered capable and have knowledge of facts and supporting information about Irarutu folksongs in order to get better data.
- 27. 3.5 Procedure of Data Collection Snowball sampling is a research technique that formulates an informant to have two functions: as a key informant and act as a base informant in providing information about other people who are considered capable of providing information for the improvement and accuracy of the data required by the researcher.
- 28. No Procedures Result 1 Planning Researcher 2 Preparing- Materials and Tools Book, Pens, Camera, Recorder 3 Face the Informant Interview, records and documentation 4 Analysis the Data/Primer/Seconder Findings/Conclusion/Suggestion Table 3.1 The Procedures of Data Collection
- 29. Table 3.2 Data Collection No Data Kind of irarutu folksong Code of Informant Text of Irarutu folksongs Procedures of Collecting Data Interview Recorder Book Daily Notes 1 2 3 4 5 Etc.
- 30. 3.6 Data Analysis According to Purba, (2014, p. 50) data analysis is the process of organizing the data that have been collected, analyzing them, classifying them into smaller units, synthesizing them, finding the important things, generalizing them, and so on. In other words data analysis is the activities or actions done during this data analysis to get the result to answer the research questions.
- 31. 3.7 Validity Enhancement Wilem Wiersma in Sugiono (2007. p. 372) cites that triangulation is qualitative cross-validation. It asses the sufficiency of the data according to the convergence of multiple data source or multiple data collection procedures.
- 32. Diagram 3.1 Triangulation Source of Data Techniques Theories
- 33. 3.8 Research Design Irarutu folksongs Translating (free) Data Collection Secondar Data Primary Data Metaphorical Expressions Data Analysis Recomandation Literature Pedagogical Implacation Functions Types
- 34. References Abrahams, M.H. and Harpham G. G. 2009. A Glossary of Literary Terms (ninth ed.), Boston, Michael Rosenbergh. Andrew B, a. N. (2004). Literature, Criticism and Theory Third Ed. United Kingdom: Longman Pearson. Baldick, C. (2001). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: Oxford University Press. Chris, B. (2001). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: Oxford University Press. Comac, E. R. (1985). A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor. Massachute Institute of Technology Press: United State of America. Cuddon, J. (1992). Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. England: Penguin Books. Finnegan, R. (2012). Oral Literature in Africa. Cambridge: Open Book Publisher. Foley, J. M. (1986). Oral Traditional in Literature. Columbia: University of Missouri. Lazar, G. (2007). Meaning and Metaphor Activities to practise Figurative Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Modouw, W. Y. (2016). Introduction to Literature "Teaching Materials". Jayapura: Cenderawasih University Press. Picken, J. D. (2007). Literature, Metaphor, and the Foreign Language Learner. New York: Palgrave McMillan. Ritchie, L. D. (2013). Metaphor. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Turunen, M. (2016). Conceptual Metaphor in Slang " A Study Words, Shit, Piss and Blood". Tampere: University of Tampere.
- 35. Thanks