Impact of Climate Change and possible steps for Reversal”

Earthquake
DraughtsMelting glaciers
Floods
“Impact of Climate Change and possible steps for
Reversal”
Dr Susanta Kundu, Chief Operating Officer,
Excel Innovation Centre,
Excel Industries Limited, Mumbai
susanta.kundu@excelind.com
United Nations Climate Change Conference COP25, Madrid, Spain
3rd – 13th Dec’2019

Reasons for Climate Change
Deforestation
Vehicular Emissions
Air pollution
Burning of forestsUnited Nations Climate Change Conference COP25, Madrid, Spain, 3rd – 13th Dec’2019

Sector-wise Consumption of Petroleum Products
2017-18
United Nations Climate Change Conference COP25, Madrid, Spain, 3rd – 13th Dec’2019

India’s Installed Power Capacity

Urban Household Rural Household
[Wood considered
CO2 neutral]
Total Carbon Footprint/Capita/Year
586kg CO2
Sankesh P Bhoyar et all/Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 2014, 133, 47-60
2480kg CO2

Mission For The New Millennium
Photosynthesis
Oxygen
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Sunlight
Glucose
6 CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Bamboo What type of Greenery? Seaweed
Mangroves
Mission For The New Millennium

Bamboo Cultivation

Bamboo Cultivation
Few Solution for Global Warming
Tons/Year
1 acre Bamboo biomass 40
Carbon 23
Fixes CO2 84
Liberates O2 61

Sargassum Kappaphycus
Gracilaria Dura Ulva lactuca
Salad
Seaweed Cultivation
Reverse the Climate Change through BLUE ECONOMY

Salad
Uses of Seaweed

Sargassum Kappaphycus
Salad
New Super food Bio-refinery

Salad
Application of Carrageenan & Alginate

Available Biomass Resources in India
Feedstock for
Biomass Power
Production
Forest Waste
Logs, chips, barks, leaves,
Forest industry based
product like sawdust
Municipal Solid Waste
Biodegradable such as food and
kitchen waste, green waste,
paper, Inert waste like fabrics,
clothes etc.,
Agricultural Wastes
Straws of cereals and pulses,
stalks of fibre crops, seed
coats of oil seed, crop wastes
like sugarcane trash, rice
husk, coconut shell, etc
Energy Crops
Plant exclusively grown for
their wood from marginal lands
for generation. Ex Prosopis,
Bamboo, Leuceana, etc
Agro Industrial Waste
Wastes from paper mills,
molasses from sugar
refineries, pulp wastes from
food
Animal By Products
Tallow, Fish Oil, Manure,
etc.,

Conversion of Biomass to Biofuel Products
Feed Stocks
Agro Residues
Specific Crops
MS Waste
Seaweeds
Logistics
Collection
Pre-processing
Storage
Transportation
Conversion
Thermochemical
Combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Biochemical
Anaerobic Digestion
Fermentation
Aerobic Composting
Physicochemical
Oil Extraction
Utilization
Bio power
Power Generation
Biofuels
Ethanol
Methanol
Biodiesel
Pyrolysis Liquids
Biogas
Synthesis Gases
Hydrogen
Charcoal
Bio-products
Citric & Other Acids
Composite materials
Manure
Fibres
Lubricants
Surfactants

Biomass Resource Converted to Bioenergy Carrier
Biomass
Resource
Bioenergy
Utilization
Food, Fibre,
Wood Process
Residues
Crop Residues.
Animal Wastes
Harvesting
Forest Agroforest
Residues
MSW Incineration
Landfill Gas,
Biogas, Thermal
Processes
Centralized
Electricity Heat
Generation
Liquid/
Gaseous
Biofuels
Heating/
Electricity &
Cooking fuels
Biorefining,
Biomaterials,
Biochemical,
Industry Agriculture Forestry Waste
Energy supply Transport Building/Industry Industry
Matching Biomass Supply, Demands for
Bioenergy, Biofuels and Materials
Traditional Biomass,
Fuelwood Charcoal,
Animal Dung

Habitat for fish
As feed for animalsReserve parks
Habitat for birds
Mangroves and Climate Change

Organic Waste Treatment/Composting
Insect eggs Insects
Termite Fungus
BacteriaWeeds
FREE
FREE
FREE FREE
FREE
FREE
Treatment of Organic Waste reduces the Methane Emission
Treatment & Stabilization at source of Waste Generation
Decentralised Treatment System Nullify Transportation
Stabilised Organic Manure a must for Soil Health
E
X
C
E
L
C
O
N
T
R
U
B
U
T
I
O
N

Treated Stubble [21days]
Application of BioculumAW by mixing
with FYM in Paddy Harvested Field
In-situ Composting of Paddy Stocks
Paddy Stubble In-situ Composting discourage Stubble Burning
Composted Paddy Stubble adds Organic in Soil
E
X
C
E
L
C
O
N
T
R
U
B
U
T
I
O
N

Activity Impact
47 check-dams have
been constructed till
date
- Increased area under
irrigation, 180 ha possibility
of additional cropping
- Improvement in ground
water quality and quantity
De-silting in 21
structures
- 5.5 MCFT water storage
- 250hectares of land
benefited from this fertile soil
Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting Structures – 19
Rukmavati River Basin Project, Mandvhi

12/9/2019 21
Recharge pond Recharge open well
Harvested waterFiltration
Water Conservation & Harvesting Structures
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Year 20092010201120122013201420152016201720182019
TDS (ppm) 869 1016 883 11351266200017601928 880 354 446
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500TDSinppm Average TDS Data
Water quality of open Bore well
Dry Land farming is totally rain fed depended
Water Conservation supports Dry Land farming
E
X
C
E
L
C
O
N
T
R
U
B
U
T
I
O
N

Changes in Ground Water Level
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
# #
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Don
Kodai
Maska
Pipri
Wandh
Sarli
Ludva
Filon
Pundi
Mandvi
Dhokda
Dhunai
Rampar
Ajapar
Virani
Kurbai
Sukhpar
Navavas
Talvana
Darsadi
Wadasar
Vandhay
Samatra
Nagalpar
Jakhania
Jamthada
Bheraiya
Desalpar
Dahisara
Kojachora
Mamaymora
Vingadiya
Rayan nana
Bhadai Moti
Bhadai Nani
Nabhoi Moti
Nabhoi Nani
Rajpar Timbo
Asambiya Mota
Asambiya Nana
Goniyasar Mota
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
60
70
80
40
40
30
50
60
70 80 90
100
110
120
120
110
100
90
50
40
30
-10 0
10
20
20
30
30
40
40
50
Rajpar Timbo
60 70
010
0
10
20
706050
40 40 50
60
70 80
9090
100
110
120
130
140
140
130
120
110
100
90
90
90
100
80
80
80
70
70
605040
8090100
110
110
100
90
90
80
908070
6060
40 50
70
80
90
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
20 30 40 50
80
80
70
70
70
70
80
80
90
90
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
10
10
20
30
0
0
-50
-40
-30
-10
-30
-20
-20
-10
-10
-10
-20
-20
-30
-30
-40
-40
-50
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-90
-90
-80
-70 -60
-60
-50 -50 -80
-130
-130
-100
-80
-90
-80
-100
-110
-110
-100
-90
-80
-100
-110
-120
-120
-110
-100 -90
-80 -70-60 -50-40 -30
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-70
-60
-60
-50
-50
-70
-80
-80
-70
-60
-70
-50 -60 -70
-60
-70
-50 -40
-70
-100 -110
-120-110
-100
-100
-110
Reduce Water Level - Pre Monsoon 2010
No Data
120-160
90-120
60 to 90
50-60
40-50
30-40
20-30
> -110
-80 to -110
-50 to -80
-40 to -50
-30 to -40
-20 to -30
-10 to -20
0 to -10
10-20
0-10
Study Area
N
4 0 4 8 Kilometers
May 2010
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Don
Kodai
Maska
Pipri
Wandh
Sarli
Ludva
Filon
Pundi
Mandvi
Dhokda
Dhunai
Rampar
Ajapar
Virani
Kurbai
Sukhpar
Navavas
Talvana
Darsadi
Wadasar
Vandhay
Samatra
Nagalpar
Jakhania
Jamthada
Bheraiya
Desalpar
Dahisara
Kojachora
Mamaymora
Vingadiya
Rayan nana
Bhadai Moti
Bhadai Nani
Nabhoi Moti
Nabhoi Nani
Rajpar Timbo
Asambiya Mota
Asambiya Nana
Goniyasar Mota
-10-20
-20
-30
-40
-40
-30
-20
-10
-10
10
10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-60
-50
-40
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
0
20
30
30
20
10
-50
-50
-40
-40
-30
-30
-20
-10
0
0
-10
-20
-30-40
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
10
-20
-10
0
0
0
70
60
80
80
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
140
130
120
110
100
90
90
100
110
120
120
110
100
90
8070
6060
70
8090
90
80
70
60
100
110
90
100
110
50
40
30
50
40 30
60
60
70
80
70
8090
90
100
100
110
110
120
120
130
130
140
140
150
150160
160
4 0 4 8 Kilometers
N
Study Area
0-10
10-20
0 to -10
-10 to -20
-20 to -30
-30 to -40
-40 to -50
-50 to -80
-80 to -110
> -110
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60 to 90
90-120
# Satlmnt.shp
120-160
No Data
Reduce Water Level - Post Monsoon 2009
December 2009
Pre Monsoon & Post Monsoon [Kutch, Gujrat]
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
Don
Kodai
Maska
Pipri
Mandvi
Dhokda
Sukhpar
Navavas
Talvana
Nagalpar
Jakhania
Rayan nana
Asambiya Mota
Goniyasar Mota
-10-20
-20
-30
-40
-40
-30
-20
-10
-10
10
10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-60
-50
-40
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
0
20
30
30
20
10
-50
-50
-40
-40
-30
-30
-20
-10
0
0
-10
-20
-30-40
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
10
-20
-10
0
0
0
4 0 4 8 Kilometers
N
Study Area
0-10
10-20
0 to -10
-10 to -20
-20 to -30
-30 to -40
-40 to -50
-50 to -80
-80 to -110
> -110
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60 to 90
90-120
120-160
No Data
Reduce Water Level - Post Monsoon 2009

Changes in Ground Water Quality
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Don
Kodai
Maska
Pipri
Wandh
Sarli
Ludva
Filon
Pundi
Mandvi
Dhokda
Dhunai
Rampar
Ajapar
Virani
Kurbai
Sukhpar
Navavas
Talvana
Darsadi
Wadasar
Vandhay
Samatra
Nagalpar
Jakhania
Jamthada
Bheraiya
Desalpar
Dahisara
Kojachora
Mamaymora
Vingadiya
Rayan nana
Bhadai Moti
Bhadai Nani
Nabhoi Moti
Nabhoi Nani
Rajpar Timbo
Asambiya Mota
Asambiya Nana
Goniyasar Mota
2000
2000
3000
3000
4000
4000
3000
3000
2000
1500
1500
2000
2000
1500
1500
2000
1500
1500
2000
2000
3000
2000
2000
3000
30004000
5000
6000
7000
5000
4000
3000
2000
200030004000
5000
6000
6000
5000
4000
3000
3000
3000
5000 6000
1500
1500
500
500
500
500
500 - 1500
500
1500
1500
2000
2000
3000
3000
4000
4000
4000
4000
3000
3000
2000
2000
500500
1500
1500
1500
1500
15001500 2000 2000
1500
1500
1500
1500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
N
4 0 4 8 Kilometers
TDS Pre Monsoon - 2010
Saline Water Quality
(TDS >3000 mg/lit)
Brackish/Partial Saline Water Quality
(TDS 2000 - 3000 mg/lit)
Moderate/Permissible Water Quality
(TDS 1500 - 2000 mg/lit)
Good Water Quality
(TDS 500 - 1500 mg/lit)
Excelent Water Quality
(TDS <500 mg/lit)
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
# #
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
600 0
500 0
500 0
400 0
400 0
300 0
300 0
200 0
200 0
150 0
200 0
200 0
300 0
300 0
150 0
150 0
200 0
200 0
300 0
300 0
200 0
200 0
150 0
150 0
150 0
200 0
200 0
300 0
300 0
400 0
400 0
500 0
500 0
200 0
150 0
150 0
200 0
200 0
200 0 150 0
150 0
200 0
400 0
200 0
150 0
200 0
130 00
120 00
110 00
100 00
110 00
100 00
900 0
900 0
800 0
700 0
600 0
500 0
400 0
500 0
500 0
400 0
400 0
400 0
300 0
200 0
150 0
150 0
200 0
300 0
300 0
200 0
150 0
150 0
200 0
300 0
300 0
800 0
700 0
600 0
500 0
400 0
200 0
150 0
600 0
Don
Kodai
Maska
Pipri
Wandh
Sarli
Ludva
Filon
Pundi
Mandvi
Dhokda
Dhunai
Rampar
Ajapar
Virani
Kurbai
Sukhpar
Navavas
Talvana
Darsadi
Wadasar
Vandhay
Samatra
Nagalpar
Jakhania
Jamthada
Bheraiya
Desalpar
Dahisara
Kojachora
Mamaymora
Vingadiya
Rayan nana
Bhadai Moti
Bhadai Nani
Nabhoi Moti
Nabhoi Nani
Rajpar Timbo
Asambiya Mota
Asambiya Nana
Goniyasar Mota
(TDS <500 mg/lit)
Good Water Quality
(TDS 500 - 1500 mg/lit)
(TDS 1500 - 2000 mg/lit)
(TDS 2000 - 3000 mg/lit)
(TDS >3000 mg/lit)
TDS Post Monsoon - 2009
4 0 4 8 Kilometers
N
Pre Monsoon & Post Monsoon [Kutch, Gujrat]
May 2010December 2009
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
150 0
200 0
130 00
120 00
110 00
100 00
110 00
100 00
900 0
900 0
800 0
700 0
600 0
500 0
400 0
500 0
500 0
400 0
400 0
400 0
300 0
200 0
150 0
150 0
200 0
300 0
300 0
200 0
150 0
150 0
200 0
300 0
300 0
800 0
700 0
600 0
500 0
400 0
200 0
150 0
Don
Kodai
Maska
Pipri
Pundi
Mandvi
Dhokda
Sukhpar
Navavas
Talvana
Nagalpar
Jakhania
Rayan nana
Bhadai Moti
Bhadai Nani
Asambiya Mota
Asambiya Nana
Goniyasar Mota
(TDS <500 mg/lit)
Good Water Quality
(TDS 500 - 1500 mg/lit)
(TDS 1500 - 2000 mg/lit)
(TDS 2000 - 3000 mg/lit)
(TDS >3000 mg/lit)
TDS Post Monsoon - 2009
4 0 4 8 Kilometers
N

Reduction in
METHANE
Generation
CO2
Fixation
Positive Impact on
Climate Change
Natural Resource Management
• Soil moisture conservation
• Soil reclamation
• Water harvesting and it’s management
Restored Fresh Water Eco-System
Increased Soil Fertility
Increased Crop Productivity
Agriculture/Horticulture
Development and Greenery in the
Basin
Photosynthesis
Capacity of framers though trainings for..
• Balance cropping and biomass planning
• Mixed farming with animal husbandry,
Dairy, Fishery poultry etc.
Solid and liquid waste management
• Composting, recycling etc.

Parameters Before
Treatment
After Biofilter
Treatment
After R.O. Treatment Standard Norms for
Land Irrigation
Capcaity 1000 KL / day.
pH 7.0-7.8 7.5-8.0 7.0 – 7.5 5.5-9.0
TDS (ppm) 1500-2000 1200-1800 < 200 2100
Turbidity (NTU) 40-100 <2.0 Nil
COD (ppm) 200-400 50 - 80 < 20 100
BOD (ppm) 100-200 10 - 20 < 5 30
DO (ppm) Nil 3-4
Colour Dark Grey Pale Yellow Clear White
Odour Strong Odourless Odourless
Bio-Assay
--
100% survival of fish
after 96 hours in 100%
effluent
90% Survival of Fish
After 96 Hrs. in 100%
Effluent
Faecal Coliforms
(MPN/100ml)
> 10
6
< 10
3
< 100 < 10
3
India generates huge quantity of Sewage (around 60000 MLD) from every city, town & village
As a result, more than 70 % of it is untreated & disposed causing pollution of water bodies
E
X
C
E
L
C
O
N
T
R
U
B
U
T
I
O
N
Waste Water Treatment & Reuse

Biofilter treated water used for Agriculture20 KLD Lagoon Based Biofilter Plant
Sewage Treated Water is a valuable for Dry land Agriculture
E
X
C
E
L
C
O
N
T
R
U
B
U
T
I
O
N
Zero Waste Village” 20KLD STP at Khanderaopura, Gujarat

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