Downloaded 29 times
Uploaded byProf. A.Balasubramanian
Impact of climate on groundwater
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on water and groundwater resources, highlighting rapid and slow changes in weather patterns, particularly in tropical regions like India. It emphasizes the need for adaptive management strategies, including artificial recharge and sustainable water storage methods, to address groundwater depletion and enhance resilience against climate variability. Furthermore, it calls for immediate action from policymakers to implement environmentally sound practices and leverage scientific research to mitigate climate change effects.
More Related Content
Similar to Impact of climate on groundwater
Impact of climate on groundwater
- 1. Prof A. Balasubramanian FormerDean, Faculty of Science and Technology Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science University of Mysore, India
- 2. Weather andClimate Climate Variability Climatic Observations Climate Projection Impacts Mitigation and Adaptation There is a saying that climate what you expected and weather is what you get
- 3. RAPID &DIRECT CONSEQUENCES ON 1. WATER VAPOUR- HUMIDITY 2. SOIL HORIZON + SEGMENTS OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 3. SUFACE WATER RESOURCES 4. SNOW-COVERED REGIONS/ SNOW-MELT FED RIVER BASINS SLOW- PACED EFFECTS ON 1. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES- BUT FULLY DEPENDING UPON SURFACE SOURCES. 2. SALINE INTRUSIONS
- 4. The newerfindings indicate that warming is more pronounced than expected. The impact would be particularly severe in the tropical areas, which mainly consist of developing countries, including India (Sathaye, Shukla & Ravindranath, 2006). Increasing temperature trends of the order of 0.60°C during last 112 years (IMD 2012) and increase in heavy rainfall events and decrease in low and medium rainfall events (Goswami et al. 2006) over India have been observed. Changes in rainfall and temperatures have also been reported.
- 10. To Sustainthe Increasing Temperature – Establish Green Belts, Control Fossil Fuel Emissions, adopt Green concepts Changing Cropping Pattern/ Changing Irrigation Methods Manage Evapotranspiration Maintain Soil Moisture-levels- Infiltration Galleries, Compulsory Ploughing of Lands(old method practiced during 1960s and 70s)
- 11. Climatic Change-relatedFactors- reduction in natural recharge during rainfall deficit periods, High intensity/ short duration RF= No change Non-climatic Change Factors- Human Induced- Population, Economic Development, Landuse Changes, Irrigation, Agriculture, Etc Effects are= over-exploitation beyond capacity of storage, depletion of groundwater resources, pollution, deep bore-wells interconnecting deep fissures/fractures- widening storage space
- 12. 1. Adaptation toglobal change must include prudent management of groundwater as a renewable, but slow-feedback resource in most cases. 2. Groundwater storage is already over-tapped in many regions, yet available subsurface storage may be a key to meeting the combined demands of agriculture, industry, municipal and domestic water supply, and ecosystems during times of shortage.
- 13. The futureintensity and frequency of dry periods combined with warming trends need to be addressed in the context of groundwater resources, even though projections in space and time are fraught with uncertainty. Short-term simulation through modeling
- 14. Enhancing the WaterStorage Mechanisms 1. Artificial recharge ( Mandatory- Passing a Bill) 2. Managed aquifer storage and recovery projects may become a more important component of many Govt. or local water systems to bank excess renewable-water supplies and provide water for both normal years and those times when resource shortages may develop.
- 15. Establishment oflarge and small surface water storage facilities will benefit from increased runoff. There is also a fear that higher carbon-di-oxide concentration in the atmosphere may influence dissolution of mineral substances and alter the infiltration sequences of soils.
- 16. There isneed to store water underground as part of a larger water management strategy, by considering the role of saturated flow and unsaturated flow in artificial recharge. The Role of Saturated Flow in Artificial Recharge The Role of Unsaturated Flow in Artificial Recharge
- 17. Aquifer rechargeand aquifer storage and recovery wells(ASR)(USPA,1999) are used to replenish the water in an aquifer. AR wells have been utilized to deter salt water intrusion into freshwater aquifers and to control land subsidence(USEPA, 2009). AR and ASR wells are drilled to various depths depending on the depth of the receiving aquifer.
- 18. Drainage wellsinclude all wells that are used to inject surface water directly into an aquifer, or shallow ground water directly into a deeper aquifer, primarily by gravity(Joel 0. Kimrey and Larry D. Fayard,1984). Effective use of drainage wells requires a source of injection water (a losing aquifer or surface water); prevailing natural downward gradient from the source to the receiving aquifer; and transmission and storage characteristics of the receiving zone that will allow emplacement of the volumes of injection water without head buildup sufficient to decrease severely the downward gradient.
- 19. Establishing drainagewells with adequate densities averaging about 2 to 4 wells per ten square km in the rural and suburban and Direct street stormwater-drainage wells in urban areas may enhance to groundwater recharge for a period of 100 years. Control pollutants through appropriate methods.
- 20. The lake-levelcontrol wells receive a mix of rainfall, ground-water seepage, and stormwater runoff during the wet seasons and receive mostly groundwater seepage during the dry seasons. The wetland drainage wells receive short duration, high-intensity rainfall and stormwater runoff and low, but continuous, amounts of ground-water seepage nearly year round.
- 21. Green Strategiesfor Controlling Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflows(Natural Resources Defense Council, 2006). The urban landscape, with its large areas of impermeable roadways and buildings—known as impervious surfaces—has significantly altered the movement of water through the environment.
- 22. Once upona time under Jeevan Dhara scheme, we dug million wells ( shallow open wells) Now, not in use. Is it possible to convert them as recharge wells with lateral drill-holes.
- 23. Intensive collectionof data & creation of databases Climate Change Impact on Groundwater –Research Groups Sharing of Simulation Results
- 24. Groundwater resourcesare related to climate change through the direct interaction with surface water resources, such as lakes and rivers, and indirectly through the recharge process. Therefore, quantifying the impact of climate change on groundwater resources requires not only reliable forecasting of changes in the major climatic variables, but also accurate estimation of groundwater recharge.
- 25. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GHG- GLOBAL WARMING RISEOF TEMPERATURE LONG/SHORT- TERM TREND- UNDERSTOOD CHANGE IN WEATHER CYCLES EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS FLOODS/ DROUGHTS CHANGE IN PRECIPITATION PATTERNS SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS UNCERTAINTY IN MAGNITURE AND INTENSITY
- 26. GLOBAL CIRCULATION MODELS(GCM) WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS PRECIPITATION- RUNOFF HYDROGRAPH MODELS RIVER BASIN HYDROLOGY MODELS SWAT MODEL FLOODFORCAST MODELS GROUDWATER FLOW MODELS/ TRANSPORT MODELS UNSATURATED ZONE MODELS STREAM-AQUIFER MODELS ISLAND/ SEAWATER INTERFACE SIM MODELS WATER QUALITY MODELS INTEGRATION OF MODELING METHODS
- 27. NATIONAL LEVEL SCALE OF VARIATIONS MODELING& SIMULATION PLANET AS A WHOLE N-S HEMISPHERICAL CONTINENTAL LEVEL REGIONAL / STATE LEVEL RIVER BASIN LEVEL WATERSHED LEVEL SPATIAL : X-DIMENSION Y-DIMENSION Z-DIMENSION TEMPORAL : Dt CENTURY DECADE ANNUAL SEASONAL MONTHLY DAILY/ EVENT
- 28. As climatechange continues to affect our water resources and elevate threats to public health, water resource managers and policymakers must act quickly to enact well- informed, environmentally sound policies that address the threats we already face while preparing for the predicted challenges of tomorrow.
- 29. Scientific researchcan, however, play a key role in the nation’s response to climate change. The Technological solutions are already available. Thank you…