Increasing access to and preserving institutional research assets: an Open Access approach
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes107 views
This document provides an overview of open access and strategies to support it. It discusses how open access increases visibility and sharing of research. The Berlin Declaration and open access policies are summarized as key ways for institutions to demonstrate support. Different approaches to open access like open access journals and institutional repositories are outlined. Guidelines for effective open access policies include mandating deposit in repositories and allowing green open access. Templates can help institutions develop their own policies to expand access to research.
Increasing access to and preserving institutional research assets: an Open Access approach
- 1. 1 Increasing access to and preserving institutional research assets: an Open Access approach Ina Smith Presented during the Annual DATAD Conference, 24-26 August 2016, AAU & Lupane State University, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
- 2. Agenda • Setting the scene: Open Access (OA) • Demonstrating support for OA • Strategy • Berlin Declaration • Statement • Policy • Approaches to OA • Open Access Journals (Gold) • Open Access Institutional Repositories (Green)
- 3. Open Access (OA) defined (policy) All content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the research items, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the institution, copyright owner, publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of Open Access.
- 4. Who needs OA? • Scientists/scholars not affiliated with institutions • Students in (high/secondary) schools • Physicians • Health care workers/practitioners • Patient groups • And MANY MANY more!
- 5. Why OA? • (State) funded research should be available to all • More exposure • More citations • More review / control post-publication • Better quality science • More efficiency - less double studies • Everybody can participate in knowledge creation • More use of innovation potential, entrepreneurs • And more …
- 6. Why OA? Jack Andraka- Tapping into the hidden innovator: an open access story How Open Access Empowered a 16-Year-Old to Make Cancer Breakthrough
- 8. Why OA? Gomez is a Colombian graduate student who shared an academic paper without permission online and received a criminal copyright complaint from the author. If convicted, Gomez faces a 4-8 year prison sentence and a significant monetary fine.
- 10. “Tesla Motors was created to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport. If we clear a path to the creation of compelling electric vehicles, but then lay intellectual property landmines behind us to inhibit others, we are acting in a manner contrary to that goal. Tesla will not initiate patent lawsuits against anyone who, in good faith, wants to use our technology.” – Elon Musk, CEO
- 12. Date Downloads Nov 2013 984 May 2014 1 534 Oct 2015 2 289 Aug 2016 2 486
- 16. In a statement released by Linda Jarvis, Chief Financial Officer at Wits, her office explains the increase: “Some of the key reasons are: The rand-dollar exchange rate has fallen by approximately 22%, which has resulted in a substantial increase in the amount of money that we pay for all library books, journals, electronic resources research equipment that are procured in dollars and euros.” http://connect.citizen.co.za/25760/why-is- wits-raising-its-fees/
- 17. SA Subscription Costs • SA Univ. research output 2000-2013 increased by 250% • R24 bill. spent on research & development 2000-2013 (50%+ from tax payer) • SA HEIs paid R470 million to national and international publishers for subscription fees to academic journals in 2014 • Double-dipping: Article Processing Charges & Subscription • Top South African university + R30 mill. for 2016
- 18. Publisher profits published in 2013
- 19. Publisher profits published in 2014
- 23. How to demonstrate support? • Institutional strategy • Sign the Berlin Declaration • Issue a statement • Implement a policy
- 25. Strategy • Long term plan of action to achieve a specific goal • Align library strategy with overall institutional strategy • Actions, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) • Example strategic objective: To increase the visibility, accessibility and impact of Zimbabwean research output
- 26. About the Berlin Declaration • Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities • Announcement of support in terms of Open Access • 565 signatories • SA: 17; Africa: 46 • Africa: http://tinyurl.com/zjezaza • All: https://openaccess.mpg.de/319790/Signatories
- 27. About the Berlin Declaration • Top-level institutional representative email Max Planck Society - email: [email protected] • http://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration
- 28. OA defined by Berlin Declaration • “We define open access as a comprehensive source of human knowledge and cultural heritage that has been approved by the scientific community.” • “In order to realize the vision of a global and accessible representation of knowledge, the future Web has to be sustainable, interactive, and transparent. Content and software tools must be openly accessible and compatible.” http://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration
- 29. Berlin Declaration (1) “The author(s) and right holder(s) of such contributions grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship …”
- 30. Berlin Declaration (2) “A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in an appropriate standard electronic format is deposited (and thus published) in at least one online repository using suitable technical standards …”
- 32. Open Access Statement • Clear expression of requirements – recommendations in terms of Open Access • Policy statement – formal document outlining the ways in which an institution intends to support Open Access, manage research output and act in specific circumstances • Publicly make funders, researchers aware of intent, view
- 33. Example Open Access Statements • IFLA Statement on Open Access http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/news/documents/ifl a-statement-on-open-access.pdf • Statement on Open Access to research publications from the National Research Foundation (NRF)-funded research http://www.nrf.ac.za/media-room/news/statement- open-access-research-publications-national-research- foundation-nrf-funded
- 34. Strong vs Weak
- 35. What is a “policy”? “A definite course or method of action selected (by governments, institutions, groups, individuals) from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions.” “A high-level overall plan embracing the general goals and acceptable procedures especially of a governmental body.” (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary)
- 36. What is a “policy”? (cont.) Fox and Meyer (1995: 107) define policy as “authoritative statements made by legitimate public institutions about the way in which they propose to deal with policy problems”. Anderson (1997:9), as based on the work of political scientist Carl J. Friedrich, defines policy as “a proposed course of action of a person, group, or government within a given environment providing obstacles and opportunities which the policy was proposed to utilize and overcome in an effort to reach a goal or realize an objective”.
- 37. What is a “policy”? (cont.) • Open Access Policy Advisory Group – involve research community • Revisit policy from time to time (annually) • Ratified by highest governing body • National: Parliament (government) • Institutional: Council/Board
- 38. Policy = Principles + Objectives + Decisions Policy = Decision-making framework to achieve a desired outcome, in the interest of a specific community Policy = Response to the changing world we find ourselves in Policy needs to be aligned 1 2 3 4
- 39. Policy = Followed by procedures, guidelines, processes, planning Policy = Strategic & long term; Planning = operational within specific timeframes Policies change, needs to be revisited, adapted in line with change Policy can be enforced 5 6 7 8
- 40. Human rights and OA • Principle: Right to access information (Constitution) • UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 59(I), stating, “Freedom of information is a fundamental human right and ... the touchstone of all the freedoms to which the United Nations is consecrated.” • Problem: High subscription costs & research funded with tax payer’s money • Objective: Policy to open up access to information funded with tax payer’s money
- 41. Stages of Policy Process (John W Kingdon) Problem Identification Policy Formulation Policy Adoption Policy Implement ation Policy Evaluation Policy Advisory Committee Terms of Reference
- 42. Policy implementations promoting OA Source: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002158/215863e.pdf
- 44. Policy implementations promoting OA Source: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002158/215863e.pdf
- 45. National Health Institute OA Policy
- 46. Policy implementations promoting OA Source: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002158/215863e.pdf
- 47. Wellcome Trust OA Policy
- 48. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
- 49. Open Access policies resource http://roarmap.eprints.org
- 50. Status of Open Access policies http://roarmap.eprints.org/dataviz.html
- 51. Policies on Open Access in Africa
- 52. Open Access policy effectiveness
- 53. Open Access policy guidelines
- 54. Elements of an effective Open Access policy (1) • https://goo.gl/QxkD5Q • Mandatory policy/not mandatory • Articles must be deposited in IR at time of acceptance for publication in journal – manage embargoes • Version: final peer-reviewed version, with final corrections (post-print, galley, author’s version, publishers version) • Stipulating how OA should be provided: • When & where (IRs) research articles must be deposited • Publishing in OA journal • Length of permitted embargo • Must become OA when embargo expires
- 55. Elements of an effective Open Access policy (2) • Whether waivers may be granted • Depositing in IR cannot be waived – must be deposited at point specified by policy • Conditions under which publication charges may be paid • Sanctions when non-compliance • Deposit in IR linked with research assessment/performance evaluation procedures • Specific requirements regarding licensing – authors retain certain rights over their work • Cannot be waived
- 57. Guidelines to an effective Open Access policy http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/hoap/Good_practices_for_university_open-access_policies
- 58. Alma Swan – Policy Guidelines for the development and promotion of open access http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002158/215863e.pdf
- 59. Open Access Policy Templates • Harvard University example https://osc.hul.harvard.edu/assets/files/model- policy-annotated_01_2013.pdf • Columbia University Scholarly Communication Programme http://scholcomm.columbia.edu/wp- content/uploads/2011/10/ColumbiaOAPolicyTem plate.doc
- 60. Activity Use one of the template policy documents, and adapt for your institution. https://goo.gl/QxkD5Q >> policies
- 61. • Open scholarly repositories • Open scholarly journals • Open scholarly monographs • Open scholarly science • Open scholarly conference proceedings • Open data set repositories • Open Educational Resources (OERs) • Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Approaches to Open Access
- 62. Open Access Journals (Gold) Centrally, publicly and internationally available community-curated database of high quality open access journal titles across all disciplines (scientific/scholarly) doaj.org
- 63. Open Access Repositories (Green) http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php Publisher Policies
- 65. Open Scholarly Repositories (Green) https://repository.unam.edu.na/
- 66. Open Scholarly Journals (Gold)
- 67. Open Scholarly Journals (Gold)
- 69. Every part of the scientific method is nowadays becoming an open, collaborative, and participative process: • Transparency in experimental methodology, observation, and collection of data • Public availability and reusability of scientific data • Public accessibility and transparency of scientific communication • Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaboration Open Science
- 72. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
- 73. Online self-paced courses for librarians
- 74. Open Educational Resources (OERs) https://www.oercommons.org/
- 75. Copyright • IP Policy for institution • Agreement between student/researcher & institution • Work agreement between employee & employer • Theses/Dissertations: Institution • Articles: rights reside with author/institution – do not sign away to publisher
- 76. Licensing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
- 77. Supporting web page for IR
- 78. Activity Explore the Ranking Web of Repositories http://repositories.webometrics.info/ • Visit a few high performing IRs • Which IRs from Africa are listed? • How do they compare? • Visit: http://wiki.lib.sun.ac.za/index.php/SUNScholar/Ranking • DATAD Project: Monitor ranking of all African IRs?
- 79. Thank you! Ina Smith SciELO Planning Manager, ASSAf [email protected]