Indian festivalsl
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The document provides an overview of major festivals celebrated in India by different religious groups. It discusses Hindu festivals like Diwali, Dussehra, Ganesh Chaturthi, Krishna Janmashtami, Makar Sankranti, Pongal, and Ram Navami. It also summarizes some important Muslim festivals such as Id-ul-Fitr, Id-Ul-Zuha, Id-e-Milad and Muharram. It briefly mentions the Christian festival of Christmas and the Jain festival of Pajushan. The document emphasizes that India is known for its diverse religious traditions and celebration of various cultural festivals.
Indian festivalsl
- 2. Statutory Warning: • All the slides, incidents, dialogues and characters that are going to be shown or performed now are just factious. They don’t have resemblance with anyone in the class or any movie or any other skit. • Nobody is perfect; knowingly or unknowingly if we commit any mistakes, you can feel free to interrupt and correct in between. • Only the slides are factious, but the matter is Fact.
- 3. Festivals in India • Hindu Festivals • Muslim Festivals • Christian Festivals • Sikh Festivals • Jain Festivals • National Festivals India is considered to be the land of festivals. And each of the festivals, which are celebrated here, has a reason or significance behind its celebration.
- 5. Hindu Festivals • In Hindu religion, there is a tradition of celebrating almost everything. • It is a well known fact that India is a land of fairs and festivals. • we have hundreds of festivals and fairs in Hindu Calendar every year.
- 6. Diwali • Diwali is regarded as one of the most important festival of the Hindu calendar. • The festival is mainly associated with lights as it is called the festival of light. • The literal meaning of Deepavali in Sanskrit is 'a row of lamps.' • Diwali festival is the one Hindu festival that unites the whole of India.
- 8. History of Diwali • History tells us that the festival is celebrated mainly for four days commences on Aswayuja Bahula Chaturdasi and concludes on Kartika Shudda Vijiya. • And each day has a significance and history behind its celebration.
- 9. • The first day of the festival Naraka Chaturdasi marks the killing of the demon king Naraka by Lord Krishna and his wife Satyabhama. • The second day is Amavasya. This very day Lord Vishnu rescued Goddess Lakshmi from the prison of Demon king bali and for that reason Goddess Lakshmi is worshipped on the day of Diwali.
- 10. • The third day is "Kartika Shudda Padyami." On this day Bali would come out of Pathala Loka and rule Bhuloka as per the boon given by Lord Vishnu. Hence, it is also known as "Bali Padyami". • The fourth day is referred to as "Yama Dvitiya.“ On this day, Lord Rama returned from exile to Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile.
- 11. When is Diwali • Normally according to the Hindu calendar the festival of Diwali, which is celebration of truth and light is celebrated on a nation- wide scale on Amavasya, the 15th day of the dark fortnight of the Hindu month of Ashwin (Aasho), which is usually the month of October or November every year.
- 12. Dussehra • Dussehra is also called as Navaratri Pooja or Durga Pooja. • Navratri, or 'The Festival of Nine Nights', is celebrated during the first nine days of the Hindu month of Ashvin (September-October). • The festival is dedicated to the worship of Mother Goddess or Shakti and her nine forms.
- 13. History of Durga Puja • We all celebrate Durga puja but hardly anyone knows the history or origin behind the celebration. • There are various legends associated with its origin but the most important and prevalent among them is the legend of Lord Rama.
- 14. • Lord Rama decided to seek blessings of Godess Durga during the time of war with Ravan. . For that puja, which lord Ram was performing 108 blue lotus were needed for the worship of Goddess Durga but Rama could manage only 107. But without that one lotus his puja would be incomplete
- 15. so he was on the verge of laying one of his eyes that was lotus- shaped and blue in color at the Goddess's feet when Goddess Durga appeared and satisfied with his devotion, granted her blessing and eventually he won the battle against Ravana. The time he worshipped was Spring season so from that time onwards Durga puja is celebrated.
- 16. • Another legend, which is associated with the celebration of Durga puja is the story of the defeat of the demon king, Mahishasura at the hands of Goddess Durga, the incarnation of Shakti (the power). This demon was almost invincible because of a boon granted by Lord Shiva whereby no male could defeat him.
- 17. Dussehra Celebration • The festival is celebrated for nine days. • People sow seeds on the first day, consecrate the planets, watch the sprouting and worship Goddess Durga during this festival. • The last three days are especially considered most important. The nine-day is equally divided in worshiping three goddesses.
- 19. • The first three days are dedicated to Goddess Durga. • The next three days are spent in worshipping goddess Lakshmi. • And the last three days are dedicated to Goddess Saraswati. • The festival comes to an end on the tenth day of Vjay Dashmi or Dussehra, when the idols of the Goddess Shakti are immersed in the river. Dussehra, is considered as an important festival.
- 20. Ganesh Chaturthi • Ganesh Chaturthi is the celebration of the birth of Lord Ganesha. • Ganeshji is worshipped first on all auspicious occasions, whether it is a marriage or a religious function. • He is regarded as the destroyer of all problems and obstacles.
- 21. During the festival • Larger clay made images are made by the professional craftsmen and set up in pandals and pavilions throughout the country. • On the day of the festival Hindus performs pujas at temples and even in homes. • Fasting, feasting and distribution of sweets mainly ladoos are offered to him.
- 22. • The idol is kept and offered pujas for 10 days. • After 10 days The murti is submerged on 'Parivartini' i.e. 'Jal Zilani' Ekadashi. Devotees observe a waterless fast. • Five pujas and arti are offered, together with a boat ride after each arti before Ganeshji's 'Visarjan' - submergence.
- 24. Krishna Janmashtami • Eight days after the full moon of Shravan, falls the festival of Janmashtami, the birthday of Lord Krishna. • The first day is Krishnashtami or Gokulashtami. • The second day is called Kalastami or more popularly Janmashtami.
- 25. Birth of Lord Krishna • Though exact dates cannot be stated, the period between 3200 and 3100 BC is accepted as the period in which Lord Krishna lived on earth. • It was raining heavily. At midnight a bright light appeared in the room of Devki. Vasudev woke up. • In that light the idol of Vishnu with four hands appeared.Then the child was born, Devki's eighth son.
- 26. Janmashtami Rituals People observe fast without water on this day, which is broken at midnight. At midnight, the Lord's birth hour, there is a grand worship of lord Krishna. The lord is bathed with milk while His Name is chanted 108 times. Arti is performed and offerings of flowers are made. He is also installed in the form of 'Lalji' in a swing and devotionally offered many sumptuous food dishes.
- 28. Makar Sankranti • mid-winter Hindu festival • Hindu New Year • festival is celebrated by taking dips in the Ganges River • dip is said to purify the self • celebrated for 3 days and is more of a cultural festival • the main point is that we can see the day and night same on this day.
- 30. Pongal • Another name of Makara Sankrantri that is celebrated in Tamil Nadu. • Pongal is regarded as a harvest festival of South India. • Pongal is all about thanksgiving to nature and takes its name from the Tamil word meaning "to boil" and is held in the month of Thai.
- 31. • The festival lasts for three days. • On the first day known as Bhogi, people clean out their homes thoroughly and in the evening, all unwanted goods are lit in a bonfire. • The second day is Perum Pongal, the most important. It is also called Surya Pongal because people worship Surya, the Sun God and his consorts, Chaya and Samgnya.
- 32. • The third day, Mattu Pongal, is meant to offer thanks to the cows and buffaloes, as they are used to plough the lands. Jallikattu, a violent taming the bull contest, marks this day. • On the last day, Kanum Pongal, people go out to picnic. • 'Ponga' literally means overflowing and is named so because of the tradition of cooking the new rice in pots until they overflow, which is symbolic if abundance and prosperity.
- 33. Ram Navami • ninth day of the Hindu Lunar year (March) • birthday of Rama • Starts off with prey to the Sun • perform Kalyanotsavam (marriage celebration) for images of Rama and Sita • end of the day the Rama is taken to a procession on the street • Hindus are supposed to fast • Temples are decorated and readings of the Ramayana take place
- 35. Onam • The festival of Onam portrays the rich cultural heritage of Kerala, its golden past, rich traditions and prosperous present. • The festival is celebrated for a period of ten days, starting from the first day Atham and continuing till tenth and the biggest day called Thiru Onam.
- 36. • Atham - Day One First day is an important one and is considered holy and auspicious by the people of Kerala. • Chithira - Day Two On the second day of Onam, people add to the size of the Pookalam with different flowers. • Chodhi - Day Three Size of the Attha Poo gets further increased with an addition of design with different flowers.
- 37. • Visakam - Day Four Brisk activities in the market and households can be witnessed on the day of Visakam. • Anizham - Day Five High point of the day is the grand boat race event called Vallamkali. • Thriketa - Day Six People, who may be staying away from their homes, start coming to their homes as the main day approaches.
- 38. • Moolam - Day Seven With just two days left for the festival now, enthusiasm grips the state of Kerala. • Pooradam - Day Eight The day holds significance in Onam festivities. Devotees create clay idols in the shape of small pyramids. • Uthradam - Day Nine It is a day prior to Thiruvonam. Some people begin festivities on a large scale on this day.
- 39. • Thiruvonam - Day Ten The biggest day of all, is the tenth day called Thiruvon. • Thiru Onam is a big day. The best part of the festival is that it is a secular festival so people from all community and religion can take part. There are various morning rituals. • Onasadya is the most important and elaborate lunch after completing the morning rituals.
- 40. Onam Legends • The legend of King Mahabali • The Legend of Vanishing Boy • The Legend of Boat Palliodam
- 41. Muslim Festivals • There are a number of Muslim festivals. • The Muslim festivals do not correspond to any particular date or month of the Gregorian Calendar as they are based on the Hijra which follows pure lunar reckoning.
- 42. • The names of the 12 months that comprise the Islamic year are as follows: 1. Muharram 2. Safar 3. Rabi' al-awwal (Rabi' I) 4. Rabi' al-thani (Rabi' II) 5. Jumada al-awwal (Jumada I) 6. Jumada al-thani (Jumada II) 7. Rajab 8. Sha'ban 9. Ramadan 10. Shawwal 11. Dhu al-Qi'dah 12. Dhu al-Hijjah
- 43. Id-ul-Fitr • Id Ul Fitr is a festival that marks the end of the Ramzan period, and usually falls on a new moon night, in the month of September or October. • Ramzan is the ninth month in the Muslim calendar. According to legend, the Holy Koran was revealed in this month
- 45. Id-Ul-Zuha or Id-Ul-Adha • Bakriid or Id-ul-Zuha is one of the most celebrated festivals among Muslims all over the world. It is a day of sacrifice for the Muslims. • According to legends. It all started with a dream in which Allah directed the patriarch Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismail. • It was Ibrahim's faith in Allah and his son's faith in his father that were on test.
- 46. Id-e-Milad • Id-e-Milad is a festival of both rejoicing and mourning. • The day commemorates the birth and also the death anniversary of Prophet Mohammed. • It falls on the twelfth day of the third month Rabi-ul-Awwal of the Muslim calendar, which is usually in April. • The word 'barah' signifies the twelve days of the Prophet's sickness.
- 48. Muharram • The first Muslim month is Muharram and Muharram is observed on the tenth day of this month. • Muharram is a day of mourning as it commemorates the greatest tragedy in the history of Islam-the martyrdom of the Prophet's grandson Hussain.
- 49. Jain Festival: Pajushan • Its the most celebrated festival of Jains. • It lasts for four months. It varies from year to year. • This is celebrated to ask forgiveness for the mistakes we have made knowingly or unknowingly. • Jaanae anjaanae sey koi galti hui ho toh mann, vachan, kaya sey ‘micchami dukadam.’
- 50. Christian Festivals • India is a land of various religions and muliple cultures. Alongwith Hindu, Mulism and National festivals, Christian festivals are also celebrated with deity and devotion in different parts of India.
- 51. Christmas • The festival of Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ and conveys his message of love, tolerance and brotherhood. • Though Christmas is a primary festival of the Christian calendar but still it has a special significance in everyone's life.
- 52. History of Christmas • The first mention of 25th December as the birth date of Jesus occurred in 336 A.D. • The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of the Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. • Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD.
- 53. • In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. • In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose 25th December as the observance of Christmas since than it is celebrated on this day. • Fundamentally Christmas celebration is based on the intertwining of two ethnic patterns, Roman transition rites and Germano-Celtic Yule (jiuleis) rites- feasting and mortuary practice.
- 54. Good Friday • Good Friday, anniversary of Jesus' death on the cross. • According to the Gospels, Jesus was put to death on the Friday before Easter Day. • Observance include prayer and meditation at the Stations of the Cross, a succession of 14 images, usually on wooden crosses, depicting Christ's crucifixion and the events leading
- 55. Easter • Easter, also known as Pascha , the Feast of the Resurrection, the Sunday of the Resurrection or the Resurrection Day, is the most important religious feast of the Christian Calendar. • Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus, which occurred after his death by crucifixion.
- 56. National Festivals • Gandhi Jayanti celebrates the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. . Born on the 2nd of October 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat. • Independence Day 15th August the red-letter day in the Indian calendar is celebrated as the Independence Day of India.
- 57. • After more than two hundred years of British rule, India finally won backs its freedom on 15th August, 1947. • Republic Day of India On 26th of January every year India celebrates its Republic Day. on this day in 1950 the constitution of India came into force and India became a truly sovereign state.
- 58. Holi • Celebrated on the day after the full moon in early March • Festival to celebrate good harvest • Spring festival • Also called the “Festival of Colors” • Day one = bonfire is lit at night • Day two = people go around and throw colored powder and water at each other • End with a feasts at a friends house in the evening
- 60. History of Holi • Hiranyakashipu, who consideration himself since toward invincible and highest beings; he had receiver of a great contribution of immortality reflection. • He has a youngster Prahlad who is a big fan of Rama. • This made him order his sister Holika to kill that child, but the spirit inturn killed her. This led to the celebration of Holi.
- 61. Raksha Bandhan • Raksha = protection • Bandhan = lasting bond • celebrates the relationship between brothers and sisters • Thread-tying ceremony (rakhi) • sister recognizes the bond between them • brother vows to look after her • Feed each other sweets
- 63. Rakhi Legends • The legend of Lord Indra and his wife Sachi. • The legend of Alexander’s wife and King Porus. • The legend of Rani Karnavati and Humayun. • The legend of Hindu Rajputs and Mughal Rulers.
- 64. Thank You Done By: Amzad Ali. E (09MBI005) Ashish John Eipe (09MBI006) Amaresh (09MBI004) Aswin (09MBI007) Aditya (09MBI001)
- 65. Conclusion I am glad to be an Indian. Of course everything isn’t shining here. But koi bhi desh perfect nahi hota, usse perfect banana padta hai. ( No country is perfect, one needs to make it perfect)
- 66. References: • www.indiagifts.com • www.indianfestivals.blog.com • www.mycountry.com • www.wikipedia.com