Indonesia (Political Setting)
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Indonesia has a constitutional republic government with an elected president and legislature. The president is both head of state and government, elected to a 5-year term. The bicameral legislature consists of the People's Consultative Assembly made up of the House of Representatives and Regional Representatives Council. The judiciary is headed by the Supreme Court. Local government is divided into provinces, regencies, and cities.
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Indonesia (Political Setting)
- 1. Political Setting: Indonesia Reported by: Reynalyn Callao (Crim. 2-A, Group 3)
- 2. Political Setting: Indonesia • Indonesia is a constitutional republic with an elected president, an elected legislature, and an appointed judiciary. The government operates under a 1945 constitution, which was replaced in 1950 but then
- 3. Political Setting: Indonesia reinstated in 1959. The 1945 constitution is based on the doctrine of Pancasila (Sanskrit for “five principles”), defined in the constitution as “a belief in the one supreme god; just and
- 4. Political Setting: Indonesia civilized humanity; the unity of Indonesia; democracy guided by the inner wisdom of deliberations among representatives; social justice for all the Indonesian people.”
- 5. Political Setting: Indonesia A. Executive Under the 1945 constitution the president is both head of government and head of state. The president is elected to serve a five-year term and may be reelected once. The constitution grants the president wide powers,
- 6. Political Setting: Indonesia including the power to rule by decree in emergencies. However, the president may not freeze or dissolve the legislature. The president is responsible for appointing a cabinet to carry out the administrative duties of the
- 7. Political Setting: Indonesia government. Cabinet ministers are typically chosen from the military or the ministries.
- 8. Political Setting: Indonesia B. Legislature The national legislature is the People’s Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, or MPR). The MPR has two chambers: the House of
- 9. Political Setting: Indonesia Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, or DPR) and and the Regional Representatives Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, or DPD).
- 10. Political Setting: Indonesia The members of both chambers are directly elected to serve five- year terms. The DPR has 550 members. The number of members in the DPD may not exceed one-third the number in the DPR; as of 2004, the DPD had
- 11. Political Setting: Indonesia 128 members. Each province has an equal number of representatives in the DPD. The constitutional amendments that went into effect in 2004 created the DPD as a new chamber representing Indonesia’s
- 12. Political Setting: Indonesia provinces. Previously, the MPR was a unicameral body that included 200 members appointed by the president to represent regional and various other interests, including the country’s armed forces.
- 13. Political Setting: Indonesia The DPR and DPD each meet at least once a year. The DPR is the more powerful chamber. It approves all laws and has the right to submit draft bills for approval by the president.
- 14. Political Setting: Indonesia The authority of the DPD is limited to regional issues. It may propose to the DPR bills relating to the relationship between national and regional government.
- 15. Political Setting: Indonesia The two chambers convene together as the MPR at least once every five years to determine the broad guidelines of government policy. The MPR also inaugurates the president and vice president, who are
- 16. Political Setting: Indonesia responsible for carrying out that policy. (Prior to the 2004 elections, the MPR had also appointed the president and vice president.) The MPR has the power to impeach the president.
- 17. Political Setting: Indonesia C. Judiciary The judiciary is made up of many district courts, several courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung), which is the final court of appeal and sits in Jakarta. The Supreme Court was
- 18. Political Setting: Indonesia restructured in 1968 to conform with the 1945 constitution. It is made up of 51 members, nominated by the DPR and appointed by the president. Appeals are heard by high courts located in 14 major cities.
- 19. Political Setting: Indonesia Below the appellate courts are the district courts that try civil and criminal cases. Criminal cases are tried under a unified code, but civil cases are tried under an uncodified, customary law known as adat.
- 20. Political Setting: Indonesia Under adat law, crimes against individuals are seen as crimes against the whole community. Westerners and Asians of foreign origin or ancestry are tried under a system based on continental European civil codes.
- 21. Political Setting: Indonesia D. Local Government For purposes of local government, Indonesia is divided into 32 provinces. Most provinces are headed by governors who are appointed by the president with the advice of
- 22. Political Setting: Indonesia the minister for home affairs and the provincial parliaments. However, the province of Aceh directly elects its governor and deputy governor under the provisions of a peace agreement reached in 2005 between Aceh .
- 23. Political Setting: Indonesia secessionists and the Indonesian government. Provinces are further divided into regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kotamadya), each having a mayor and locally elected legislature.
- 24. Political Setting: Indonesia Source: Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
- 30. Republic of the Philippines CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY Dumarao Satellite College, Dumarao, Capiz Theme: “Understanding Better the Political, Economic & Socio-Cultural Setting of Southeast Asian Nations for Peace, Prosperity & People” March 09, 2015 (8:00-11:30 am) Campus Library