Industrial microbiology
- 1. Reported By: Farwa Butt Muhammad Alfahad
- 2. Industrial Microbiology : Industrial microbiology is a branch of applied microbiology in which microorganisms are used in industrial processes. Example: In the production of high-value products such as drugs, chemicals, fuels and electricity.
- 3. Industrial Microbiology Genetic Engineering Enzyme Technology Agriculture + Medicines Bio mining + petroleum
- 4. Microbes: Microbes are the mini chemical factory Possess a broad variety of enzymes High metabolic activity. So, it can grow and multiply rapidly Possess a large surface area for the quick absorption of nutrients Grow on inexpensive substrate
- 5. Microbes: By product of reaction will be the substrate of other. Should not be pathogenic for human and animals. Produces spores or can be easily inoculated. Produces desired product quickly.
- 6. Applications of Industrial Microbiology GENETIC ENGINEERING Products of bacteria Products of mold Products of virus Bio mining Microbiology and Petroleum
- 7. Industrial uses of bacteria: Lactic acid Production Vinegar Production GENETIC ENGINEERING
- 8. Production of Lactic acid: First discovered by Scheele(1789)from sour milk. Fermentation: racemic mixture is formed due to enzyme racemase. Due to it becomes optically inactive. Utilizes the EMP pathway to produce pyruvic acid which then reduced to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase.
- 9. Production of Lactic acid LACTASE C12 H22O6 +H2O 2 C6H12O6 LACTOSE GLUCOSE+ GLACTOSE System of enzymes 2C6H12O6 2CH3-CHOHCOOH GLUCOSE+ GLACTOSE LACTIC ACID
- 10. Uses of Lactic acid: Derivative of lactic used to cure diseases Anemia (iron lactate) Calcium deficiency (calcium lactate)
- 11. PRODUCTION OF VINEGAR: French word vinaigre means sour wine Major two types of chemical changes: 1. Alcoholic fermentation of carbohydrates 2. Oxidation of alcohol into acetic acid SUBSTRATE: It can be a Fruit Juice, starchy vegetables, wheat, barley ,corn ,or it can be sugar cane and honey.
- 13. Uses of Vinegar USES: To preserve food To make salad As a facial toner. To trap fruit flies To boil better eggs To wash fruits and vegetables To whiten teeth.
- 14. Uses Vinegar: MEDICINAL USE OF VINEGAR Anti infective: 1.Used for ulcer and sore throat 2.composed of honey and vinegar used for cough. ANTI TUMOUR: 1.Japanese rice vinegar used for inhibition of proliferation of human cancer cell. • Controls blood sugar level and diabetes.
- 15. GENETIC ENGINEERING: DEFINITION: The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. Genetic Engineering Involves: Removing a gene from one organism Inserting target gene into DNA of another organism.
- 16. PROCESS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: FIVE STEPS INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS 1. Isolation 2. Cutting 3. Insertion 4. Transformation/Transfection 5. Expression(cloning)
- 18. APPLICATIONS: MICRO-ORGANISM: Bacteria makes insulin. The human insulin gene has been inserted into bacterium (E. coli). This allows bacterium to produce insulin for use by diabetics.
- 19. POSSIBLE HAZARDS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: Risk of human health e.g. higher chances of cancer Risk for animals health e.g. higher chances of infection Risk of creating new microbes that are difficult to kill by antibiotics Ethical issues Religious reasons Animal welfare
- 20. Industrial Uses of Yeast: Yeast is used in the production of Alcoholic fermentation Baker’s yeast Food yeast
- 22. Industrial uses of mold: Penicillin Production. Streptomycin production. Enzyme production.
- 23. Penicillin Production: Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of penicillium & is produced when growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. 5-7 days for batch fermentation. Three phases: 1st Phase: Mycelial growth 2nd Phase: consumption of lactose, mycelial mass increases, pH constant. Secreting pencillin to the medium. 3rd Phase: Antibiotic concentration decreases.
- 26. Streptomycin Production: • Used against TB • Produced from streptomycin griseus. • Inoculation to initiate the fermentation in production tank. • Medium: Soyabean meal(N-source),glucose(C-source) • Carried out at 28 ℃.
- 28. Three phases: 1st phase :Rapid growth of microbe,it’s proteolytic activity produces NH3 to medium from soyabean meal causes increase in PH. 2nd phase :Little additional production of mycelium. Streptomycin accumulates glucose and NH3 is consumed thus PH is constant. 3rd phase : Carbohydrates become depleted, production ceases
- 29. Microbiology and Mining: Bio mining is the process of using of microbes to extract metals from rock ores or mine. Valuable metals are commonly bound up in solid minerals.
- 30. Advantages: Bio mining uses little energy. produces few microbial by- products such as organic acids and gases. It's cheap and simple.
- 31. Petroleum microbiology Petroleum formation: Sedimentary material of marine contain dead microbial cells, biochemical change in sedimentary material by microbes.
- 32. Petroleum microbiology Petroleum Exploration: Soil contains vapors of hydrocarbon (ethane, methane). present due to the release of hydrocarbon to petroleum deposit.
- 33. Petroleum microbiology: Petroleum Recovery: Bacteria injected into oil. Produce acid to dissolve rock formation releasing oil.
- 34. THANKS TO ALL OF YOU