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Inflation ppt
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- 2. GROUP MEMBERS • SumitPachauri • Karishma Singh • Sumit Saxena Mangalayatan University (I.B.M Department)
- 3. SYNOPSIS Introduction Definition Types ofInflation Causes of Inflation Effects of Inflation How is Inflation Measured Consequences of Inflation Measures Of Inflation
- 4. INTRODUCTION Inflation isdefined as a sustained increase in the price level or a fall in the value of money. When the level of currency of a country exceeds the level of production, inflation occurs. Value of money depreciates with the occurrence of inflation.
- 5. DEFINITION According toC.CROWTHER, “Inflation is State in which the Value of Money is Falling and the Prices are rising.” In Economics, the Word inflation Refers to General rise in Prices Measured against a Standard Level of Purchasing Power.
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- 7. • Open Inflation-: The rate where Costs rise due to Economic trends of Spending Products and Services. • Suppressed Inflation -: Existing inflation disguised by government Price controls or other interferences in the economy such as subsidies. Such suppression, nevertheless, can only be temporary because no governmental measure can completely contain accelerating inflation in the long run. It is Also Called Repressed Inflation.
- 8. • Galloping Inflation-: Very Rapid Inflation which is almost impossible to reduce. • Creeping Inflation -: Circumstance where the inflation of a nation increases gradually, but continually, over time. This tends to be a typically pattern for many nations. Although the increase is relatively small in the short-term, as it continues over time the effect will become greater and greater.
- 9. • Hyper Inflation-: Hyperinflation is caused mainly by excessive deficit spending (financed by printing more money) by a government, some economists believe that social breakdown leads to hyperinflation (not vice versa), and that its roots lie in political rather than economic causes.
- 10. CAUSES OF INFLATION FACTORSON DEMAND SIDE: o Increase in money supply o Increase in disposable income o Deficit financing o Foreign exchange reserves
- 11. Contd…… FACTORSON SUPPLY SIDE o Rise in administered prices o Erratic agriculture growth o Agricultural price policy o Inadequate industrial growth
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- 13. EFFECT OF INFLATION •They add inefficiencies in the market, and make it difficult for companies to budget or plan long-term. • Uncertainty about the future purchasing power of money discourages investment and saving.
- 14. • There canalso be negative impacts to trade from an increased instability in currency exchange prices caused by unpredictable inflation. • Higher income tax rates. • Inflation rate in the economy is higher than rates in other countries; this will increase imports and reduce exports, leading to a deficit in the balance of trade.
- 15. HOW IS INFLATION MEASURED? The 2 ways of Measuring Inflation are -: Consumer Price Index
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- 17. CONSEQUENCES OF INFLATION Adverse effecton production Adverse effect on distribution of income Obstacle to development Changes in relative prices Adverse effect on the B.O.P
- 18. MEASURES OF INFLATION 1.Monetary policy • Credit Control • Demonetization of Currency • Issue of New Currency 2. Fiscal policy • Reduction in Unnecessary Expenditure • Increase in Taxes • Increase in Savings • Surplus Budgets • Public Debt 3. Other Measures • To Increase Production • Rational Wage Policy • Price Control