Information Technology in Hospitals

YANAMALA VIJAY RAJ
BT14M004
MTECH IN CLINICAL ENG
IIT MADRAS& CMC VELLORE & SCTIMST TRIVENDRUM

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HEALTHCARE
•NO LIMITED FOR INFORMATION TRANSFER
• PROMOTE BETTER HEALTH BEHAVIOUR
• IMPORVE DECISION MAKING
• PROMOTE INFORMATION EXCHANGE AMONGST PEERS
• PROMOTE SELF CARE
• PROVIDE PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT
• ENHANCED EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH INSTITUTIONS
COST * QUALITY * ACCESSIBILITY * DELIVERY

IT APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH CARE
•ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS
•HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
•INTRANETS
•PUBLIC NETWORKS
•HEALTH DECISION SUPPORT
•EXPERT SYSTEMS
•TELEMEDICINE
•COMMUNITY HEALTH
•INFORMATION SYSTEM

ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR)
The IOM 2003 Patient Safety Report describes an EMR as
1. A longitudinal collection of electronic health information for and
about persons,
2. Immediate electronic access to person- and population-level
information by authorized users,
3 Provision of knowledge and decision-support systems that enhance the
quality, safety, and efficiency of patient care,
4. Support for efficient processes for health care delivery.

Capabilities of EMR
 To capture data at the point of care
 To integrate data from multiple internal and external sources
 To Support care giver in making decisions

Objectives for Implementing EMR
 Improve Quality Care
 Avoid Adverse Drug Events
 Improve Quality Measures
 Enhance Resident Safety
 Improve Operational Efficiencies and Reallocate Staff
 Increase Reimbursements

HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(HIT)
 Health Information Technology uses
computers and computer programs to store,
protect, retrieve, and transfer clinical,
administrative, and financial information
electronically.
 Health Information Technology (HIT) has the
potential to improve the health of individuals
and the performance of providers, yielding
improved quality, cost savings of patients in
their own health care. There are seven types
of HIT

Electronic Health Record (EHR)
EHR (Electronic Health Record) is term applied to electronic patient care
systems
Primary uses
 Patient care delivery
 Patient care management
 Patient care support processes
 Financial and other administrative
processes
 Patient self-management
Secondary uses
 Education
 Regulation
 Research
 Public Health and Homeland Security
 Policy Support

CORE FUNCTIONALITIES FOR AN ELECTRONIC
HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM
 Health information and data
 Patient support
 Results management
 Administrative processes
 Order entry/management
 Reporting & population health
 Decision support management
 Electronic communication and connectivity

TELE-MEDICINE
Telemedicine is an umbrella term used for the diagnosis and medical
advice at a distance.
 It uses telecommunication to enable the doctors to interact with their
patients.
 It is more applicable in remote places or in places where hospitals are far
away; for example, Australians use this technology more because health
centers are far off.
 It has benefits of providing timely medical attention in such cases. The
driving factors for telemedicine are the advent of seamless networking
capabilities, high bandwidth availability and decreased costs of medical and
non-medical devices and technologies

 In order to integrate the functions of various sections of the
 hospital – Laboratories,
Medical Records Department (MRD),
Pharmacy, Dietary, in-patient (IP)
 and out-patient (OP) areas,
a fully integrated Hospital Information System (HIS) is required.

HIS also covers the
 Outpatient and Inpatient billing,
 Company & Insurance billing reimbursement procedures,
 Pharmacy Department,
 Operation Theatre,
 Dietary and Laundry.

 The HIS has resulted in a tremendous increase in efficiency at all levels
of the health care delivery process within CMC –
 allowing prompt service,
 reducing costs,
 minimizing the margin for human error
 and providing a tool for Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)
strategies by CMC.

NEED FOR HIS
 However, as the services of the hospital expanded and the number of
patients soared, so also did the need for storage and sharing of data.
 Results entered in the labs would previously take at least a day to reach the
doctors desk based on which treatment would be modified.
 The lack of integration caused significant delays in patient billing, increased
waiting time, and incurred additional costs in terms of finance and
resources.
 Retrieving patient and financial information was difficult, thereby limiting
decision-making processes.
 Manual processes were subject to entry errors. Information was available at
limited areas and sometimes could not be provided in real-time.
 Gathering information for statistics and research was a complex operation.
Generating financial statements was a phenomenal task.

 The development of the HIS brought about a sea change in the
organizational capabilities of the institution, besides boosting efficiency
at every level.
 Speed of service has increased significantly
 Patient billing delays have decreased dramatically
 Secure, real-time, relevant information is now available anywhere on
the institutional campuses
 MIS for Administration and Auditors
 Online investigation results available as soon as they are ready, thus
aiding clinical decision making. Trend of lab investigations over a time

 Information regarding drug interactions is available in real-time, as a
prescription is being written
 Patient billing delays have decreased dramatically
 Patient reports are generated quickly without needing re-entry of data.
 Research information is easily retrievable; alerts can be generated
for study participants and patients enrolled in clinical trials
 Change in workflow can be easily managed since an in-house team has
developed the solution

HOSPITAL INTRANET
 An intranet is a network based onTCP/IP protocols (an internet) belonging to
an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's
members, employees, or others with authorization.

BENEFITS OF HOSPITAL INTRANET
 Facilitate Organizational Growth and Knowledge Sharing
 Reduce Hospital Costs
 Boost Caregiver Satisfaction and Morale
 Better Coordinated Care Teams
 Get Measured Results

HEALTH DECISION SYSTEM
 A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information
technology system that is designed to provide physicians and other
health professionals with clinical decision support (CDS), that is,
assistance with clinical decision-making tasks.

WHY CDS?
CDS has a number of important benefits, including:
 Increased quality of care and enhanced health outcomes
 Avoidance of errors and adverse events
 Improved efficiency, cost-benefit, and provider and patient
satisfaction

PACS
 A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a medical
imaging technology which provides economical storage and convenient
access to images from multiple modalities (source machine types).
 Electronic images and reports are transmitted digitally via PACS, this
eliminates the need to manually file, retrieve, or transport film jackets.
 The universal format for PACS image storage and transfer is DICOM
(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine).

WHY PACS?
 PACS resolves many of the problems that were associated with
film.
 Film could only be available in one place at a time and would
frequently result in delayed patient care if it was not immediately
available to the referring physician.
 With PACS, patient studies can be viewed from any computer at
any of our facilities or from a referring physician’s office.
 PACS also allows the radiologists to read studies performed at any
of our facilities, from any of our facilities, making them much more
efficient and greatly reducing the turn around time for report
dictation.

WHO SHOULD HAVE ACCESS TO PACS?
 Any hospital employee who has a legitimate need to view patient
images to provide patient care will be given access to PACS.

Information Technology in Hospitals

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Information Technology in Hospitals