Information Technology New Generations 13th International Conference on Information Technology 1st Edition Shahram Latifi (Eds.)

Information Technology New Generations 13th International Conference on Information Technology 1st Edition Shahram Latifi (Eds.)

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  Advances in IntelligentSystems and Computing 448 Shahram Latifi Editor Information Technology: New Generations 13th International Conference on InformationTechnology
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  Advances in IntelligentSystems and Computing Volume 448 Series editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected]
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  About this Series Theseries “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern intelligent systems and computing. The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are primarily textbooks and proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results. Advisory Board Chairman Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India e-mail: [email protected] Members Rafael Bello, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba e-mail: [email protected] Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain e-mail: [email protected] Hani Hagras, University of Essex, Colchester, UK e-mail: [email protected] László T. Kóczy, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary e-mail: [email protected] Vladik Kreinovich, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA e-mail: [email protected] Chin-Teng Lin, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan e-mail: [email protected] Jie Lu, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia e-mail: [email protected] Patricia Melin, Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] Nadia Nedjah, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Jun Wang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong e-mail: [email protected] More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156
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  Shahram Latifi Editor Information Technology: New Generations 13thInternational Conference on Information Technology 123
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  Editor Shahram Latifi PHASE Las Vegas,NV USA ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic) Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ISBN 978-3-319-32466-1 ISBN 978-3-319-32467-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32467-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935571 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
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  Preface Welcome to the13th International Conference on Information Technology- New Generations- ITNG 2016. It is a pleasure to report that we have another successful year for the ITNG 2016. Gaining popularity and recognition in the IT community around the globe, the conference was able to attract many papers from authors worldwide. The papers were reviewed for their technical soundness, originality, clarity and relevance to the conference. The conference enjoyed expert opinion of 89 author and non-author scientists who participated in the review process. Each paper was reviewed by at least two independent reviewers. A total of 96 articles were accepted as regular papers and 14 were accepted as short papers (posters). The overall acceptance rate was 35 %. The articles in this proceeding address the most recent advances in such areas as Wireless Communications and Networking, Software Engineering, Information Security, Data Mining, Informatics, Wavelets, High Performance Computing Architectures, Internet, and Computer Vision. As customary, the conference features two keynote speakers on Monday and Tuesday. The presentations for Monday and Tuesday are organized in 2 meeting rooms simultaneously, covering a total of 16 technical sessions. Poster presenta- tions are scheduled for the morning and afternoon of these days. The award cere- mony, conference reception and dinner are scheduled for Tuesday evening. Two parallel sessions have been organized for Wednesday. Many people contributed to the success of this year’s conference by organizing symposia or technical tracks for the ITNG. Dr. Yenumula Reddy deserves much credit for spearheading the review process and running a symposium on Wireless Communications and Networking. My sincere thanks go to other symposium and major track organizers and associate editors namely- Drs. Kohei Arai, Alessio Bucaioni, Glauco Carneiro, Narayan Debnath, Luiz Alberto Vieira Dias, Ray Hashemi, Teruya Minamoto, Kashif Saleem, Basit Shahzad, Christoph Thuemmler, and Fangyan Shen. v
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  Others who wereresponsible for solicitation, review and handling the papers submitted to their respective sessions include Drs Azita Bahrami, Doina Bein, Wolfgang Bein, Federico Ciccozzi, Saad Mubeen, Armin Schneider and Mei Yang. The help and support of the Springer in preparing the ITNG proceedings is specially appreciated. Many thanks are due to Michael Luby, the Senior Editor and Nicole Lowary, the Assistant Editor of the Springer supervisor of Publications for the timely handling of our publication order. Finally, the great efforts of the con- ference secretary, Ms. Mary Roberts who dealt with the day to day conference affairs, including timely handling volumes of emails, are acknowledged. The conference venue remains the same as last year- the Flamingo Hotel as the conference. The hotel, conveniently located in the heart of Las Vegas Strip, pro- vides an easy access to other major resorts and recreational centers. I hope and trust that you have an academically and socially fulfilling stay in Las Vegas. April 2016 Shahram Latifi The ITNG General Chair vi Preface
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  ITNG 2016 Organization Editorand General Chair Shahram Latifi University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA Associate Editors Kohei Arai Saga University, Japan Glauco Carneiro University of Salvador, Brazil Narayan Debnath Winona State University, USA Luiz Alberto Vieira Dias Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Brazil Ray Hashemi Armstrong State University, USA Yenumula Reddy Grambling State University, USA Track Organizers Kohei Arai Saga University, Japan Alessio Bucaioni Mälardalen University, Sweden Glauco Carneiro University of Salvador, Brazil Narayan Debnath Winona State University, USA Luiz Alberto Vieira Dias ITA, Brazil Ray Hashemi Armstrong State University, USA Teruya Minamoto Saga University, Japan Kashif Saleem King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Basit Shahzad King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Yenumula Reddy Grambling State University, USA Christoph Thuemmler Edinburgh Napier University, UK Fangyan Shen New York City College of Technology, USA Session Chairs Azita Bahrami IT Consultation, USA Doina Bein California State University, USA Wolfgang Bein University of Nevada, USA Federico Ciccozzi Mälardalen University, Sweden Saad Mubeen Mälardalen University, Saudi Arabia Armin Schneider Technical University Munich, Germany Mei Yang University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA vii
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  Publicity Chair Basit ShahzadKing Saud University, Saudi Arabia Conference Secretary Mary Roberts PHASE Inc., USA Reviewers Abbas, Haider Ahmed, Adel Ahmed, Iqbal Al-Muhtadi, Jalal Arai, Kohei Araujo, Marco Antonio Ashino, Ryuichi Autili, Marco Awan, Fahim Baguda, Yakubu Barina, David Behnam, Moris Braga, Regina Brito e Abreu, Fernando Caetano, Paulo Camargo, Valter Campos, Fernanda Carlson, Jan Carneiro, Glauco Carreiro, Bruno Challah, Yacine Chaudhry, Imran Christos, Kalloniatis Cicchetti, Antonio Clincy, Victor Colaco Jr., Methanias Costa, Heitor Crespo, Yania Dai, Qing David, Jose Maria Delamaro, Marcio Eduardo Derhab, Abdelouahid Dias, Luiz Eldefrawy, H. Eramo, Romina Fabbri, Sandra Fernandes, Joao M. Figueiredo, Eduardo Frederic, Jean Fujinoki, Kensuke Garcia, Rogerio Garcia-Valls, Marisol Gawanmeh, Amjad Hashemi, Ray Huang, Yingsong Ji, Yanqing Kimura, Takuma Kinoshita, Takehiko Liebel, Grischa Maia, Marcelo Malavolta, Ivano Marques, Johnny Meghanathan, Natarajan Mesit, Jaruwan Mialaret, Lineu Minamoto, Teruya Mirza, Abdulrahman Monteiro, Miguel Montini, Denis Morimoto, Akira Munson, Ethan V Novais, Renato viii ITNG 2016 Organization
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  Oliveira, Toacy Orgun, Mehmet Pathan,Al-Sakib Paulin, Alois Pontin, Renata Reddy, Yenumula Rehmani, Mubashir Rodrigues, Joel Rossi, Gustavo Saito, Norikazu Saleem, Kashif Saleem, Kashif Sampaio, Paulo Sarijari, Adib Satyanarayana, Ashwin Schneider, Armin Shahzad, Basit Shen, Fangyang Soares, Michel Solari, Martin Sreekumari, Prasanthi Suzana, Rita Takano, Shigeru Thuemmler, Christoph Tolle, Herman Tsuchiya, Takuya Watanabe, Yoshitaka ITNG 2016 Organization ix
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  Contents Networking and WirelessCommunications Understanding User’s Acceptance of Personal Cloud Computing: Using the Technology Acceptance Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Mohamed Eltayeb and Maurice Dawson Cognitive Spectrum Decision via Machine Learning in CRN. . . . . . . . . 13 A. M. Koushik, Fei Hu, Ji Qi and Sunil Kumar Elastic Edge-Overlay Methods Using OpenFlow for Cloud Networks . . . 25 Amer Aljaedi, C. Edward Chow and Jia Rao An Approach to Generate Automatic Variable Key to Assure Perfect Security in Cryptosystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Subhasish Banerjee, Manash P. Dutta and C. T. Bhunia Airborne Networks with Multi-beam Smart Antennas: Towards a QOS-Supported, Mobility-Predictive MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Xin Li, Fei Hu, Lei Hu and Sunil Kumar CR Based Video Communication Testbed with Robust Spectrum Sensing / Handoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Ji Qi, Fei Hu, Xin Li, A. M. Koushik, Lei Hu and Sunil Kumar A Control-Message Quenching Algorithm in Openflow-Based Wireless Mesh Networks with Dynamic Spectrum Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Xin Li, Xiaoyan Hong, Yu Lu, Fei Hu, Ke Bao and Sunil Kumar SINR Maximization in Relay-Assisted Multi-user Wireless Networks . . . 83 Umar Rashid, Faheem Gohar Awan and Muhammad Kamran A Hybrid MAC for Long-Distance Mesh Network with Multi-beam Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Xin Li, Fei Hu, Ji Qi and Sunil Kumar xi
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  Future Approach toFind Business Model Orientation for Technological Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Sepehr Ghazinoory, Fatemeh Saghafi, Maryam Mirzaei, Mohammadali Baradaran Ghahfarokhi and Parvin Baradaran Ghahfarokhi Social Media Coverage of Public Health Issues in China: A Content Analysis of Weibo News Posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Jiayin Pei, Guang Yu and Peng Shan Advertisement Through the Most Popular Twitter Users Based on Followers in Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Abeer A. AlSanad and Abdulrahman A. Mirza Sentiment Analysis for Arabic Reviews in Social Networks Using Machine Learning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Mustafa Hammad and Mouhammd Al-awadi Security and Privacy in Next Generation Networks An Interactive Model for Creating Awareness and Consequences of Cyber-crime in People with Limited Technology Skills . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Sheeraz Akram, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Haneef and Muhammad Ishtiaq Power Analysis Attack and Its Countermeasure for a Lightweight Block Cipher Simon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Masaya Yoshikawa and Yusuke Nozaki Perpetuating Biometrics for Authentication: Introducing the Durable True-Neighbor Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Fawaz E. Alsaadi and Terrance E. Boult Certificate-Based IP Multimedia Subsystem Authentication and Key Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Wei-Kuo Chiang and Ping-Chun Lin Software Optimizations of NTRUEncrypt for Modern Processor Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Shay Gueron and Fabian Schlieker Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Methods in the NextGen Air Traffic Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Sachiko Sueki and Yoohwan Kim Pushing the Limits of Cyber Threat Intelligence: Extending STIX to Support Complex Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Martin Ussath, David Jaeger, Feng Cheng and Christoph Meinel xii Contents
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  Analyzing Packet ForwardingSchemes for Selfish Behavior in MANETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Asad Raza, Jamal Nazzal Al-Karaki and Haider Abbas Speed Records for Multi-Prime RSA Using AVX2 Architectures . . . . . . 237 Shay Gueron and Vlad Krasnov Privacy Preservation of Source Location Using Phantom Nodes . . . . . . 247 Shruti Gupta, Prabhat Kumar, J.P. Singh and M.P. Singh Implementing a Bitcoin Exchange with Enhanced Security . . . . . . . . . . 257 Ebru Celikel Cankaya and Luke Daniel Carr Information Systems and Internet Technology REST-Based Semantic Annotation of Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Cleber Lira and Paulo Caetano Synthetical QoE-Driven Anomalous Cell Pattern Detection with a Hybrid Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Dandan Miao, Weijian Sun, Xiaowei Qin and Weidong Wang A Mobile Group Tour Tracking and Gathering System . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Chyi-Ren Dow, Yu-Yun Chang, Chiao-Wen Chen and Po-Yu Lai Model Based Evaluation of Cybersecurity Implementations. . . . . . . . . . 303 Aristides Dasso, Ana Funes, Germán Montejano, Daniel Riesco, Roberto Uzal and Narayan Debnath Accelerating the Critical Line Algorithm for Portfolio Optimization Using GPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Raja H. Singh, Lee Barford and Frederick Harris Jr. Maximum Clique Solver Using Bitsets on GPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Matthew VanCompernolle, Lee Barford and Frederick Harris Jr. CUDA Implementation of Computer Go Game Tree Search . . . . . . . . . 339 Christine Johnson, Lee Barford, Sergiu M. Dascalu and Frederick C. Harris Jr. Negotiation and Collaboration Protocol Based on EbXML Intended to Optimize Port Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Vinícius Eduardo Ferreira dos Santos Silva, Nunzio Marco Torrisi and Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Using the Difference Between the Maximum and Minimum Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Pyung-Han Kim, Kwang-Yeol Jung, In-Soo Lee and Kee-Young Yoo Contents xiii
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  The Design, DataFlow Architecture, and Methodologies for a Newly Researched Comprehensive Hybrid Model for the Detection of DDoS Attacks on Cloud Computing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Anteneh Girma, Kobi Abayomi and Moses Garuba Educational Gaming: Improved Integration Using Standard Gaming Genres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Ben Brown and Sergiu Dascalu Designing a Web-Based Graphical Interface for Virtual Machine Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Harinivesh Donepudi, Bindu Bhavineni and Michael Galloway Towards Providing Resource Management in a Local IaaS Cloud Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Travis Brummett and Michael Galloway Integration of Assistive Technologies into 3D Simulations: An Exploratory Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Angela T. Chan, Alexander Gamino, Frederick C. Harris Jr. and Sergiu Dascalu Data Profiling Technology of Data Governance Regarding Big Data: Review and Rethinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Wei Dai, Isaac Wardlaw, Yu Cui, Kashif Mehdi, Yanyan Li and Jun Long Understanding the Service Model of Mobile Social Network in Live 4G Network: A Case Study of WeChat Moments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Weijian Sun, Dandan Miao, Xiaowei Qin and Guo Wei Applying Scrum in an Interdisciplinary Project for Fraud Detection in Credit Card Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Mayara Valeria Morais dos Santos, Paulo Diego Barbosa da Silva, Andre Gomes Lamas Otero, Ramiro Tadeu Wisnieski, Gildarcio Sousa Goncalves, Rene Esteves Maria, Luiz Alberto Vieira Dias and Adilson Marques da Cunha The Visual Representation of Numerical Solution for a Non-stationary Deformation in a Solid Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Zhanar Akhmetova, Seilkhan Boranbayev and Serik Zhuzbayev Software Engineering Developing Usability Heuristics for Grid Computing Applications: Lessons Learned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 Daniela Quiñones, Cristian Rusu, Silvana Roncagliolo, Virginica Rusu and César A. Collazos xiv Contents
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  Refining Timing Requirementsin Extended Models of Legacy Vehicular Embedded Systems Using Early End-to-end Timing Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Saad Mubeen, Thomas Nolte, John Lundbäck, Mattias Gålnander and Kurt-Lennart Lundbäck Integrated Metrics Handling in Open Source Software Quality Management Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Julio Escribano-Barreno, Javier García-Muñoz and Marisol García-Valls Supporting the Development of User-Driven Service Composition Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Alex Roberto Guido, Antonio Francisco do Prado, Wanderley Lopes de Souza and Eduardo Gonçalves da Silva Mining Source Code Clones in a Corporate Environment . . . . . . . . . . . 531 Jose J. Torres, Methanias C. Junior and Francisco R. Santos Fuzzy Resource-Constrained Time Workflow Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 Joslaine Cristina Jeske de Freitas and Stéphane Julia Performance Indicators Analysis in Software Processes Using Semi-supervised Learning with Information Visualization . . . . . . 555 Leandro Bodo, Hilda Carvalho de Oliveira, Fabricio Aparecido Breve and Danilo Medeiros Eler Techniques for the Identification of Crosscutting Concerns: A Systematic Literature Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Ingrid Marçal, Rogério Eduardo Garcia, Danilo Medeiros Eler, Celso Olivete Junior and Ronaldo C.M. Correia ValiPar Service: Structural Testing of Concurrent Programs as a Web Service Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 Rafael R. Prado, Paulo S.L. Souza, Simone R.S. Souza, George G.M. Dourado and Raphael N. Batista A Model-Driven Solution for Automatic Software Deployment in the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 Franklin Magalhães Ribeiro Jr., Tarcísio da Rocha, Joanna C.S. Santos and Edward David Moreno Software Process Improvement in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Systematic Literature Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 Gledston Carneiro da Silva and Glauco de Figueiredo Carneiro Investigating Reputation in Collaborative Software Maintenance: A Study Based on Systematic Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 Cláudio Augusto S. Lélis, Marco Antônio P. Araújo, José Maria N. David and Glauco de F. Carneiro Contents xv
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  A 2-Layer Component-BasedArchitecture for Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 Gabriel Campeanu and Mehrdad Saadatmand High-Performance Computing Architectures Block-Based Approach to 2-D Wavelet Transform on GPUs . . . . . . . . . 643 Michal Kula, David Barina and Pavel Zemcik Deriving CGM Based-Parallel Algorithms for the Optimal Binary Search-Tree Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 Vianney Kengne Tchendji, Jean Frédéric Myoupo and Gilles Dequen Experimental Evaluations of MapReduce in Biomedical Text Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 Yanqing Ji, Yun Tian, Fangyang Shen and John Tran Algorithmic Approaches for a Dependable Smart Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 Wolfgang Bein, Bharat B. Madan, Doina Bein and Dara Nyknahad Performance Evaluation of Data Migration Methods Between the Host and the Device in CUDA-Based Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 Rafael Silva Santos, Danilo Medeiros Eler and Rogério Eduardo Garcia Design of a Deadlock-Free XY-YX Router for Network-on-Chip . . . . . . 701 Sang Muk Lee, Eun Nu Ri Ko, Young Seob Jeong and Seung Eun Lee An FPGA Based Compression Accelerator for Forex Trading System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 Ji Hoon Jang, Seong Mo Lee, Oh Seong Gwon and Seung Eun Lee Agile Software Testing and Development An Academic Case Study Using Scrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 Luciana Rinaldi Fogaça, Luiz Alberto Vieira Dias and Adilson Marques da Cunha Distributed Systems Performance for Big Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 Marcelo Paiva Ramos, Paulo Marcelo Tasinaffo, Eugenio Sper de Almeida, Luis Marcelo Achite, Adilson Marques da Cunha and Luiz Alberto Vieira Dias Towards Earlier Fault Detection by Value-Driven Prioritization of Test Cases Using Fuzzy TOPSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 Sahar Tahvili, Wasif Afzal, Mehrdad Saadatmand, Markus Bohlin, Daniel Sundmark and Stig Larsson xvi Contents
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  Model-Driven Engineering forCyber-Physical Systems Experimenting with a Load-Aware Communication Middleware for CPS Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 Luis Cappa-Banda and Marisol García-Valls Adaptive Message Restructuring Using Model-Driven Engineering . . . . 773 Hang Yin, Federico Giaimo, Hugo Andrade, Christian Berger and Ivica Crnkovic Towards Modular Language Design Using Language Fragments: The Hybrid Systems Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 Sadaf Mustafiz, Bruno Barroca, Claudio Gomes and Hans Vangheluwe Data Mining Data Clustering Using Improved Fire Fly Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 Mehdi Sadeghzadeh Intelligent Mobile App for You-Tube Video Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Mark Smith An Application of GEP Algorithm for Prime Time Detection in Online Social Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 Hsiao-Wei Hu, Wen-Shiu Lin and I-Hsun Chen Transport Logistic Application: Train’s Adherence Evolution and Prediction Based on Decision Tree and Markov Models . . . . . . . . . 833 Steve Ataky T. Mpinda, Marilde T.P. Santos and Marcela X. Ribeiro A Method for Match Key Blocking in Probabilistic Matching: (Research-in-Progress). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 Pei Wang, Daniel Pullen, John R. Talburt and Cheng Chen Accuracy Assessment on Prediction Models for Fetal Weight Based on Maternal Fundal Height: Applications in Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 Dewi Anggraini, Mali Abdollahian and Kaye Marion Ensemble Noise Filtering for Streaming Data Using Poisson Bootstrap Model Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 Ashwin Satyanarayana and Rosemary Chinchilla Mining Persistent and Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Change in Global Climate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Jie Lian and Michael P. McGuire Open Source Data Quality Tools: Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 Venkata Sai Venkatesh Pulla, Cihan Varol and Murat Al Contents xvii
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  New Trends inWavelet and Numerical Analysis Some Outflow Boundary Conditions for the Navier-Stokes Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 Yoshiki Sugitani, Guanyu Zhou and Norikazu Saito Successive Projection with B-spline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 Yuki Ueda and Norikazu Saito Computer-Aided Diagnosis Method for Detecting Early Esophageal Cancer from Endoscopic Image by Using Dyadic Wavelet Transform and Fractal Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929 Ryuji Ohura, Hajime Omura, Yasuhisa Sakata and Teruya Minamoto Daubechies Wavelet-Based Method for Early Esophageal Cancer Detection from Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement Image . . . 939 Hiroki Matsunaga, Hajime Omura, Ryuji Ohura and Teruya Minamoto A Refined Method for Estimating the Global Hölder Exponent . . . . . . . 949 S. Nicolay and D. Kreit A New Wavelet-Based Mode Decomposition for Oscillating Signals and Comparison with the Empirical Mode Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . 959 Adrien Deliège and Samuel Nicolay Computer Vision, HCI and Image Processing/Analysis Short Boundary Detection Using Spatial-Temporal Features . . . . . . . . . 971 Muhammad Ali and Awais Adnan A Set of Usability Heuristics and Design Recommendations for u-Learning Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983 Fabiola Sanz, Raúl Galvez, Cristian Rusu, Silvana Roncagliolo, Virginica Rusu, César A. Collazos, Juan Pablo Cofré, Aníbal Campos and Daniela Quiñones Computer Input just by Sight and Its Applications in Particular for Disable Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 Kohei Arai User Impressions About Distinct Approaches to Layout Design of Personalized Content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 Anelise Schunk, Francine Bergmann, Ricardo Piccoli, Angelina Ziesemer, Isabel Manssour, João Oliveira and Milene Silveira Video Compression Using Variable Block Size Motion Compensation with Selective Subpixel Accuracy in Redundant Wavelet Transform . . . 1021 Ahmed Suliman and Robert Li xviii Contents
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  PPMark: An Architectureto Generate Privacy Labels Using TF-IDF Techniques and the Rabin Karp Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029 Diego Roberto Gonçalves de Pontes and Sergio Donizetti Zorzo RGB and Hue Color in Pornography Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041 Awais Adnan and Muhammad Nawaz Potpourri Sociology Study Using Email Data and Social Network Analysis . . . . . . 1053 Wajid Rafiq, Shoab Ahmed Khan and Muhammad Sohail Evaluation of Usability Heuristics for Transactional Web Sites: A Comparative Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063 Freddy Paz, Freddy A. Paz and José Antonio Pow-Sang Algorithm for Gaussian Integer Exponentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075 Aleksey Koval Dynamic Simulation of the Flight Behavior of a Rotary-Wing Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087 Sebastião Simões Cunha Jr., Marcelo Santiago de Sousa, Danilo Pereira Roque, Alexandre Carlos Brandão Ramos and Pedro Fernandes Jr. Origami Guru: An Augmented Reality Application to Assist Paper Folding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 Nuwee Wiwatwattana, Chayangkul Laphom, Sarocha Aggaitchaya and Sudarat Chattanon Augmented Reality Approach for Knowledge Visualization and Production (ARAKVP) in Educational and Academic Management System for Courses Based on Active Learning Methodologies (EAMS–CBALM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113 Helen de Freitas Santos, Wanderley Lopes de Souza, Antonio Francisco do Prado and Sissi Marilia dos Santos Forghieri Pereira Designing Schedulers for Hard Real-Time Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125 Vasudevan Janarthanan An Autonomous Stair Climbing Algorithm with EZ-Robots . . . . . . . . . 1135 Jason Moix, Sheikh Faal, M. K. Shamburger, Chris Carney, Alex Williams, Zixin Ye and Yu Sun Toward Indoor Autonomous Flight Using a Multi-rotor Vehicle . . . . . . 1145 Connor Brooks, Christopher Goulet and Michael Galloway Contents xix
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  Using Tweets forRainfall Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157 Luiz Eduardo Guarino de Vasconcelos, Eder C.M. dos Santos, Mário L.F. Neto, Nelson Jesuz Ferreira and Leandro Guarino de Vasconcelos Algorithms Performance Evaluation in Hybrid Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169 Rafael Manochio, David Buzatto, Paulo Muniz de Ávila and Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni An Efficient Method for the Open-Shop Scheduling Problem Using Simulated Annealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183 Haidar M. Harmanani and Steve Bou Ghosn Schematizing Heidegger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195 Sabah Al-Fedaghi Constrained Triangulation of 2D Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209 Laxmi P Gewali and Roshan Gyawali Software Project and Analysis of a Training Screen Based System for Healthcare Professionals Working in the NICU in Brazil. . . . . . . . . 1219 Daniel Rocha Gualberto, Renata Aparecida Ribeiro Custódio, Alessandro Rodrigo Pereira Dias, Gabriel Bueno da Silva, Clarissa Gonçalves Eboli and Alexandre Carlos Brandão Ramos Short Papers A Self-Configuration Web-API for the Internet of Things . . . . . . . . . . . 1233 Eric Bernardes C. Barros, Admilson de Ribamar L. Ribeiro, Edward David Moreno and Luiz Eduardo C. Neri Automated Behavioral Malware Analysis System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243 Saja Alqurashi and Omar Batarfi A Message Efficient Group Membership Protocol in Synchronous Distributed Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249 SungHoon Park, SuChang Yoo, YeongMok Kim, SangGwon Lee and DoWon Kim Ontology-Driven Metamodel Validation in Cyber-Physical Systems . . . . 1255 Kevin Lynch, Randall Ramsey, George Ball, Matt Schmit and Kyle Collins Developing Software in the Academic Environment: A Framework for Software Development at the University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259 William Phillips, Shruthi Subramani, Anusha Gorantla and Victoria Phillips Automatic Reverse Engineering of Classes’ Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . 1267 Maen Hammad, Rajaa Abu-Wandi and Haneen Aydeh xx Contents
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  Developing Predictable VehicularDistributed Embedded Systems on Multi-core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1273 Saad Mubeen, Thomas Nolte and Kurt-Lennart Lundbäck Formalizing the Process of Usability Heuristics Development . . . . . . . . 1279 Daniela Quiñones, Cristian Rusu, Silvana Roncagliolo, Virginica Rusu and César A. Collazos Analysis of a Training Platform for the Digital Battlefield, Based on Semiotics and Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283 Cristian Barría, Cristian Rusu, Claudio Cubillos, César Collazos and Miguel Palma Usability Heuristics and Design Recommendations for Driving Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287 Aníbal Campos, Cristian Rusu, Silvana Roncagliolo, Fabiola Sanz, Raúl Gálvez and Daniela Quiñones Model for Describing Bioprinting Projects in STL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291 Luiz Angelo Valota Francisco and Luis Carlos Trevelin The Fractal Nature of Mars Topography Analyzed via the Wavelet Leaders Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1295 Adrien Deliège, Thomas Kleyntssens and Samuel Nicolay Privacy Enhancement in E-Mail Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299 Prabhat Kumar, Jyoti Prakash Singh, Rajni Kant Raman and Rohit Raj Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303 Contents xxi
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  Part I Networking andWireless Communications
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  © Springer InternationalPublishing Switzerland 2016 3 S. Latifi (ed.), Information Technology New Generations, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 448, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32467-8_1 Understanding User’s Acceptance of Personal Cloud Computing: Using the Technology Acceptance Model Mohamed Eltayeb and Maurice Dawson Abstract Personal Cloud Computing (PCC) is a rapidly growing technology, addressing the market demand of individual users for access to available and reli- able resources. But like other new technologies, concerns and issues have surfaced with the adoption of PCC. Users deciding whether to adopt PCC may be con- cerned about the ease of use, usefulness, or security risks in the cloud. Negative attitudes toward using a technology have been found to negatively impact the success of that technology. The purpose of this study was to understand users’ acceptance of PCC. The population sample consisted of individual users within the United States between 18 and 80 years of age. The theoretical framework uti- lized in this study was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). A web survey was conducted to assess the measurement and understanding of patterns demonstrated by participants. Our results shows that in spite of the potential bene- fits of PCC, security and privacy risks are deterring many users from moving towards PCC.* Keywords Personal Cloud Computing · Cloud computing · Technology Acceptance Model 1 Introduction Recently, cloud computing has been injected with new life from companies such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, Amazon, and others who now offer cloud computing M. Eltayeb Colorado Technical University, 4435 N. Chestnut St., Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA e-mail: [email protected] M. Dawson() University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Drive, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA e-mail: [email protected] http://www.umsl.edu/
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  4 M. Eltayeband M. Dawson services for personal use. In this paper, we refer to PCC as the private and hybrid cloud computing for the individual user’s usage. PCC has emerged as a new para- digm model for individual users. It has transformed the user’s computer device from being device-centric to information-centric [1-7]. PCC enables individuals to share music, photos, videos, documents, and applications using any computer devices connected to the network. It provides portable access from anywhere in the world to information held centrally. Though PCC demonstrated great potential in terms of scalability and agility, and is therefore enjoying great popularity and attention, storing data and applica- tions in the cloud is becoming very risky [8]. Many cloud users have become con- cerned about security and protection of privacy [9], perhaps not surprisingly as the cloud functions to store and share private data [10]. The main challenge and dis- advantage users see in the adoption of cloud computing is that they lack full con- trol over the hardware [11]. There are, therefore, several issues related to privacy and security that must be addressed before PCC can be considered reliable. Very often, data stored in the cloud is seen as valuable to those with malicious intent [12]. Storing data and applications in the cloud is becoming very risky. It is very important for users to take personal precautions in order to secure personal, sensitive information—information they would have stored in their local computer device (laptop, desktop, phone, tablet, etc.), and now store in the cloud. It is criti- cal for users to understand the security measures that the cloud provider has in place [13]. Predicting technology usage and adoption has become a topic of mainstream study [14]. The rapidly growing importance of technologies has led researchers to study user technology acceptance intensively. Negative attitudes toward a tech- nology, its ease of use, and its usefulness may negatively impact the success of that technology. Indeed, several IT scholars considered the user’s acceptance of a technology to be the key success factor for the adoption of that technology [15]. The remaining of the paper is organized as follows: in the next section, we pre- sent the objectives of the study. Section 2 discusses and articulates our theoretical framework. Section 3 presents the research questions and hypothesis. The popula- tion sample information are discussed in section 4. A detailed discussion of the study’s data collection and validation are provided in section 5. Section 6 discusses the data analysis of the study. Section 5 presents methods used for data collections. Section 6 discusses the data analysis. Section 7 discusses our findings; and additional findings are dis- cussed in section 8. Our recommendation and discussion are presented in section 9. Finally, section 10 concludes the paper. 2 Theoretical Framework This research was deductive in nature. Therefore, a quantitative method was selected to understand user’s acceptance of PCC. In particular, a non-experimental quantitative approach was used. The theoretical framework utilized in this study
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  Understanding User’s Acceptanceof Personal Cloud Computing 5 was based on TAM—a widely recognized model in the field of IT, introduced by Davis in 1986 [16]. Davis [16, 17] recommended TAM as the best model for in- vestigating end user attitudes towards and acceptance or rejection of a technology. According to Gao [18], “TAM can serve the purpose of predicting user acceptance of a technology before the users get heavily involved in the technology and thus is a cost-effective tool in screening potential candidate systems or programs” (p. 3). This theoretical framework was used in this study to examine factors influencing PCC adoption. TAM proposes two independent variables—perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness (PU) of a technology—to predict the user’s attitude toward adopting a technology [18]. Davis [16, 17] defined PU as the degree to which a user believes that the adoption of a particular technology will improve the performance of his or her job. The perceived ease of use, on the other hand, is the degree to which a user believes that using a particular technology would be effortless [17]. Since the purpose of this study was to understand users’ thoughts, experiences, expectations, and security concerns with respect to the adoption of PCC, TAM was found to be the most suitable theoretical approach due to its validity and reliability in exploring and explaining users’ attitudes toward using technologies [16]. Cloud computing is a new approach to computing [19], and as new technologies are intro- duced and are adopted, concerns and challenges emerge [20]. Therefore, this study on PCC technology has a legitimate place in research on user technology acceptance. This research study extended TAM to include attitude towards using (ATU) as an additional independent variable. This study adapted a survey instrument tested by Davis [16], and validated by Venkatesh [21]. Overall, this study included three independent variables and one dependent variable. The independent variables are perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitude toward using PCC (ATU) and perceived usefulness of PCC (PU). One dependent variable—Intention to Use PCC (ITC)— was used broadly in this study. 3 Research Questions and Hypothesis 3.1 Research Question 1: How Does Perceived Ease of Use Influence the Acceptance of PCC? H1A: Perceived ease of use positively influences attitude toward the acceptance of PCC. H10: Perceived ease of use has no correlation to attitude toward the acceptance of PCC.
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  6 M. Eltayeband M. Dawson The independent variable PEOU determines the degree to which a user believes that using PCC would be effortless. PEOU is measured on a typical scale of seven ordered continuum of response categories: Strongly disagree, Disagree, Slightly disagree, Neutral, Slightly agree, Agree, Strongly agree. 3.2 Research Question 2: How Does Perceived Usefulness of PCC Influence the Acceptance of PCC? H2A: Perceived usefulness positively influences attitude toward the acceptance of PCC. H20: Perceived usefulness has no correlation to attitude toward the acceptance of PCC. The independent variable PU determines the degree to which a user believes that the adoption of PCC would improve the performance of his or her job. PU is measured on a typical scale of seven ordered continuum of response categories: Strongly disagree, Disagree, Slightly disagree, Neutral, Slightly agree, Agree, Strongly agree. Research Question 3: How does attitude toward using PCC influence acceptance of PCC? H3A: There will be a correlation between attitude toward using PCC and the user’s acceptance of PCC. H30: There will be no correlation between attitude toward using PCC and the user’s acceptance of PCC. The independent variable (ATU) determines the degree to which a user’s acceptance of PCC relates to that user’s attitude toward using PCC. ATU is meas- ured across a typical scale of seven ordered continuum of response categories: Strongly disagree, Disagree, Slightly disagree, Neutral, Slightly agree, Agree, Strongly agree. 4 Population Sample This study used a simple random sample from Survey Monkey engineering and IT professionals panels. The minimum representative sampling size (n) was estimated to be 384 participants for this study, based on a confidence interval of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. As many participants as possible were included to increase the accuracy of statistical sampling data.
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  Understanding User’s Acceptanceof Personal Cloud Computing 7 A total of 464 participants were randomly chosen to participate in the study. However, only 399 of the chosen participants fully completed the survey; 20 par- ticipants opted out and 45 were disqualified either with unanswered questions or with providing partial data. Only fully completed responses were admitted. There was a 95.69% completion rate of surveys. Thus, the number of completed responses exceeded the estimated, representative minimal sample size of 384. Several items in the survey—gender, age range, education, state, and census region—were included to further describe demographic characteristics of the sample. 5 Data Collection and Validation This study used a web survey to collect data from participants. The survey was hosted by SurveyMonkey.com, which is considered one of the leading providers of online survey solutions. The identity of participants was kept confidential and anonymous. Participant had the right to withdraw from participation at any time. Participants were required to complete a consent form as soon as they login to the SurveyMonkey.com. The consent form store collected information confidentially. Information collected by the survey included: gender, age range, state of residence, and level of education. The survey questions in this study were designed to express a clearly negative or positive opinion and avoided neutral opinions to solicit more definitive responses. The researcher transcribed the data collected through Survey Monkey into digital documents. Data was downloaded by the researcher after the comple- tion of data collection. Only fully completed surveys were employed in this study. Some participants were disqualified either with unanswered questions or with providing partial data. Incomplete responses and partial data were completely discarded. Additionally, Survey data was assessed for multicollinearity, homosce- dasticity, linearity, and normality [22]. 6 Data Analysis The multiple regression test was performed as follows: (1) predictors were se- lected using their semi-partial correlation with the outcome; (2) predictors were entered into the model based on a mathematical method using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 19.0; (3) the selection of predictors was performed in steps [23]. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square, and Multiple regressions were per- formed to explore the relationship between the continuous dependent variable (ITU) and independent variables (PEOU, PU, and ATU). Several descriptive sta- tistics techniques were used to depict the sample population characteristics. ANOVA was used to analyze both dependent and independent variables. In addi- tion, the multiple regression test was performed to assess the impact of each independent variable (PU, PEOU, and ATU) on the dependent variable (ITU).
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  8 M. Eltayeband M. Dawson 7 Findings TMultiple regressions were performed to explore the relationship between the continuous dependent variable (ITU) and independent variables (PEOU, PU, and ATU). This research study tested the relationship between perceived ease of use, usefulness, attitude toward using PCC, and the acceptance of PCC. The model’s adequacy was tested in terms of normality, linearity, and collinearity [24]. 7.1 First Regression Model The first regression was performed to determine the relationship between the in- dependent variable PEOU and the dependent variable ITU. Six predictors of the independent variable PEOU were tested to address the first research question. The relationship between the predictors and the outcome were measured using a step- wise method, so that the unique contribution of each predictor could be assessed to explain variance of the outcome [24]. The following research question and hypothesis were tested at this stage: How does perceived ease of use influence the acceptance of PCC? H10: Perceived ease of use has no correlation to the acceptance of PCC. The results of the regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between PEOU and the acceptance of PCC. It was found that approximately 23.5% of the variance in the acceptance of PCC can be accounted for by PEOU. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative was supported. This result is consistent with other studies showing that there is a positive cor- relation between PEOU and the user’s acceptance of a technology. Davis [16] argued that perceived ease of use positively influence attitude toward using a technology. Perceived ease of use plays an important role in determining and pre- dicting the user’s intention to use a technology [25]. Ramgovind [26] stated “The success of modern day technologies highly depends on its effectiveness of the world’s norms, its ease of use by end users and most importantly its degree of information security and control” (p. 1). 7.2 Second Regression Model The second regression was performed to determine the relationship between the independent variable PU and the dependent variable ITU. Five predictors of the independent variable PU were tested to address the first research question. A stepwise regression was performed to build the model. The unique contribution of each predictor was measured to explain the variance of the outcome [24]. The following research question and hypothesis were tested at this stage:
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  Understanding User’s Acceptanceof Personal Cloud Computing 9 How does perceived usefulness of PCC influence the acceptance of PCC? H20: Perceived usefulness has no correlation to attitude toward the acceptance of PCC. The results of the regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between PU and the acceptance of PCC. It was found that approximately 78.2% of the variance in the acceptance of PCC can be accounted for by PU. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative was supported. This result is consistent with other studies showing that there is a positive correlation between PU and the user’s acceptance of a technology. 7.3 Third Regressions Model The third regression was performed to determine the relationship between the independent variable ATU and the dependent variable ITU. Four predictors of the independent variable ATU were tested to address the first research question. The relationship between the predictors and the outcome were measured using stepwise regression. The unique contribution of each predictor was measured to explain the variance of the [24]. The unique contribution of each predictor is measured to explain the variance of the outcome. The following research question and hypothesis were tested at this stage: How does attitude toward using PCC influence user’s acceptance of PCC? H30: There will be no correlation between attitude toward using PCC and user’s acceptance of PCC. The independent variable ATU was used for determining the degree in which there is a correlation between attitude toward using PCC and users’ intention to use. The results of the regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between ATU and the acceptance of PCC. It was found that approximately 38.2% of the variance in the acceptance of PCC can be accounted for by ATU. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative was supported. 8 Additional Findings Statistically significant differences were found between age group means, as indi- cated by results of the one-way ANOVA (F (5, 2.801)=2.801, p=.017). The output result of the one-way ANOVA showed that the age group significantly contributed to the variation in the respondent’s acceptance of the PCC technology. Because the output result of the one-way ANOVA test demonstrated significant differences between the age groups, a Post Hoc test was conducted to further investigate which means were significantly different from each other. The Post Hoc test result
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  Exploring the Varietyof Random Documents with Different Content
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  All about hisgreat $10,000 championship battle with Yankee Sullivan; contest with Country McCluskey, etc. Four cuts. Price, 25c. CHAMPIONS OF ENGLAND, from the year 1700 to the present time, containing Authentic Records, Anecdotes, Personal Recollections, etc., etc., with 30 engravings, from original portraits by Ed. James. Price, 50 cents. Illustrated Life and Battles of YANKEE SULLIVAN, including his Convict Life and Prize Fights in Australia, fights with Hammer Lane, Vince Hammond, Tom Secor, Billy Bell, Bob Caunt, Tom Hyer and John Morrissey, down to his assassination in California. Price, 25 cents. The Life and Adventures of BEN HOGAN, who delights in being looked upon as the Wickedest Man in the World. Containing a full account of his thrilling and remarkable experience, together with a complete report of his triumphs in the Prize Ring, and his career in the Oil Regions, in the Far West, and on the sea. Illustrated profusely; 300 pages. Price, 50 cents. HEENAN AND SAYERS FIGHT, for £200 a side and the Championship of the World. Containing 250 portraits from life of the pugilistic celebrities and sporting men of the day.
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  Framing size, 22×28. Price,with key-plate included (unframed), $3 When sent by mail 50c. additional required for postage, etc. Photographs of Pugilists, Etc. Imperial size, taken from life. Price, 35 cents each. Joe Goss, Mike Donovan, Billy Edwards, Jim Murray, Patsy Sheppard, Edwin Bibby, Ed. Hanlan, Wm. Muldoon, Paddy Ryan, Dooney Harris, Arthur Chambers, Mike Coburn, Ed. McGlinchy, Prof. Bauer, John McMahon, Jimmy Kelly, George Rooke, Johnny Dwyer, Wm. C. McClennan, Dick Goodwin, Frank White, John Morrissey, Matt Grace. No other photographs of pugilists for sale. DAN DONNELLY’S Life and Battles, profusely illustrated 25 cents JOHN MORRISSEY’S Life and Battles, with portraits 25 cents JOHN C. HEENAN’S Life and Battles, with portraits 25 cents TOM HYER’S Life and Battles, with portraits 25 cents PUGILISTICA, or the History of British Boxing for 144 years. Published in monthly parts. This work, illustrated, was commenced in March, 1880, and is issued every month. Price, per part, 50c. GAME FOWLS.
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  Their Origin andHistory, with a Description of the Breeds, Strains and Crosses; The American and English Modes of Feeding, Training and Heeling; How to Breed and Cross, Improving Qualities and Preserving Feather, together with a Description and Treatment of all Diseases incident to Game Fowls. Illustrated with two beautiful chromos of a cut out Game Cock and Game Cock in full feather. Over 300 pages. By Dr. J. W. Cooler. Elegantly bound in cloth and gilt. Price, per copy, $5 00. THE AMATEUR NEGRO MINSTREL’S GUIDE. Containing full instructions for everything appertaining to the business, with specimen programmes, stump speeches, end-men’s gags, etc., etc. Illustrated with characters, scenes and portraits. Price, 25 cents. Address: ED. JAMES, Clipper Building, 88 and 90 Centre st., New York. ED. JAMES’ PRICE LIST. YACHTS, Etc. SIZE, 14×18. PRICE 25 CTS. EACH.
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  Sappho, Meteor, Dauntless, Henrietta, Vesta, Fleetwing, Cambria. Yacht Race forthe Queen’s Cup, 1870. Sappho and Livonia Yacht Race Cup of 1870. Little Ship Red, White and Blue. Ship Great Republic. Steamship Great Eastern. The R. E. Lee and Natchez Race. Race on the Mississippi. Ice Boat Race on the Hudson. Boat Race—Rowing. New York Ferry Boat. HORSE PICTURES. PRICE 20 CENTS EACH, OR 6 FOR $1. Lucille Golddust, Prospero, Frank, Rarus and Great Eastern, Henry, Lady Thorn, Dutchman, Lady Fallon,
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  Trotters on theSnow, Parole, saddle, Sweetzer, Ethan Allen, Dexter, Goldsmith Maid, Lucy, American Girl, Dexter vs. Butler, Gloster, Red Cloud, Smuggler, Camors, Fleety Golddust, Nettie, Mambrino Gift, Lula, Bodine, May Queen, Sensation, Gov. Sprague, Hambletonian, Flora Temple, Occident, Harry Bassett, Longfellow, Mollie McCarthy, Edwin Forrest, Lucille, Croxie, Sam Purdy, Blackwood, Jr., Hopeful, Lady Maud, Rarus, Bella, Smuggler vs. Fullerton, Great Eastern, Ten Broeck, Tom Ochiltree, Jay Gould, Hannis. PUGILISTIC CELEBRITIES. SIZE, 17×21, COLORED, PRICE $1 EACH. JOHN C. HEENAN, TOM SAYERS, NAT LANGHAM, JAMES MACE, TOM PADDOCK, WM. EDWARDS, ARTHUR CHAMBERS, JOHN J. DWYER.
• 39.
  The BULL TERRIER “MAJOR.” RAT-KILLINGSCENE. SIZE, 25×31, COLORED, Price $1.25. each. 👉 AMERICAN FISTIANA. Containing rounds, etc., of principal Prize Fights from 1816 to date. 160 pages. By mail, 50 cts. PIG PAPE AND DOG CRIB, As they appeared in their celebrated fight in New York in March, 1849, with portraits of handlers and celebrities. Size, 17×21. Price 50 cts. MISCELLANEOUS. SIZE, 14×18. PRICE 25 CTS. EACH. Burning of Chicago. East River Bridge, New York. Family Register. Royal Family of Prussia. Talked to Death. Dolly Varden. Burns and Highland Mary. Byron in the Highlands. Family Photographic Tree. Tomb and Shade of Napoleon.
• 40.
  Assassination of Lincoln. Viewof New York City. Daniel O’Connell. Robert Emmett. The Setter Dog. The Pointer Dog. Empress Eugenie. Royal Family of England. The Broken Slate (for bar rooms). The Heathen Chinee. BOAT RACING CHROMOS. Walter Brown and James Hamill’s Great Sculling Match, 25×33. Price, $3. A Modern College Scull, 17×21. Price, 50 cents. Amateur Muscle in the Shell, 17×21. Price, 50 cents.
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  PORTRAITS OF THEGREAT TROTTERS Size, 25×23. Price, $3. Goldsmith Maid, to sulky, 2.14. Lula, to sulky, 2.15. Smuggler, to sulky, 2.15¼. American Girl, to sulky, 2.16½. Occident, to sulky, 2.16¾. Hopeful, to sulky, driven by Mace, 2.17¼. Judge Fullerton, to sulky, 2.19. Red Cloud, to sulky, 2.18. Lucy, to sulky, 2.18¼. Lady Thorn, to wagon, 2.24; to sulky, 2.18¼. Music, to sulky, 2.21¼. Thos. Jefferson, to sulky, 2.23. George Wilkes, to sulky, 2.22. Joe Elliott, to sulky, 2.15½. Tom Moore, to sulky, 2.31. Dan Rice, better known as Rhode Isl’d, to wagon, 2.81½; s’ky, 2.23½. Trustee, to sulky, twenty miles in 59min. 35½sec. Rarus, to sulky. Rarus to sulky, and Great Eastern to saddle. Size, 22×28. Price, $1.50. Com. Vanderbilt, to wagon. Jack Rossiter, to sulky. RUNNING HORSES.
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  Harry Bassett, withjockey waiting for the signal; size 25×33. Price, $3. Petonia and Fashion running their great race May 13, 1845; size, 25×33. Price, $3. Flying Dutchman and Voltigeur, running race; size, 22×28. Price, $2. Road and Track Scenes. Size 26×36, each $4.00. A Stopping Place on the Road. Trotting Cracks at Home—A Model Stable. Trotting Cracks at the Forge. Going to the Trot—A Good Day and Good Track. Coming from the Trot—“Sports” on “Homestretch.” Fast Trotters on “Harlem Lane.” Speeding on the Avenue. A Brush for the Lead, New York “Flyers” on Snow. First Trot of the Season—To go as they please. Size 25×33, each $3.00. Scoring—Coming up for the Work. A Brush on the Homestretch. Won by a Neck. Trotting Cracks on the Snow. Famous Trotting Horses. Size 25×33, each $3.00.
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  The King ofthe Road, Dexter and Bonner. American Girl, and Lady Thorn. Goldsmith Maid, and American Girl. Billy Boyce—Pacer, To Saddle, 2:14¼. Dexter—To Sulky, 2:17¼. Monk. $ 5.50 King Lear Wig and Beard. 12.00 Clown Wigs By sending the size of Hat worn, a good fit can be obtained. Beards, Moustaches, Etc. Full Beard. $3.00 Extra long. 4.00 Side Whiskers and Moustache, on wire. Side Whiskers and Moustache, on gauze. 3.00 Moustaches, all colors, each. 50 Imperials. 50 Banjos. Stage Banjo, 14 Screws. $15.00 Solo Banjo, 15 Screws. 18.00 Rosewood Banjo, 16 Screws. 25.00 Solid Rosewood Banjo, 16 Screws. 35.00 Silver Plated, 16 Screws. 45.00
• 44.
  Sundries. Tambourines, Violins, from10.00 Accordeons, Concertinas, Mouth Harmonicons, 32 Holes. Best Ebony or Rosewood Bones, Triangles, each. 1.50 Burnt Cork, the Receipt for making it. 25 Magic Lanterns, from 2.00 Albums, for 50 Cartes. 2.00 Albums, with 50 Cartes of Celebrities. 4.00 Ivory Sleeve Buttons—Horse, Dog, Stag, Frog, Turtle, Owl, and Egyptian Heads, with glass eyes, per pair 75c. Faro and Keno Goods Etc. Ivory Faro Checks. FIRST QUALITY. 1½ in., plain, per hundred. $35.00 19 /16 “ “ “ “ 7.50 1⅝ “ “ “ “ 40.00 1½ “ fancy, “ “ 37.50 19 /16 “ “ “ “ 40.00 1⅝ “ “ “ “ 42.50 SECOND QUALITY. 17 /16 in., plain, per hundred 27.50
• 45.
  1½ “ ““ “ 30.00 19 /16 “ “ “ “ 32.50 1⅝ “ “ “ “ 35.00 1½ “ fancy, “ “ 32.50 19 /16 “ “ “ “ 35.00 1⅝ “ “ “ “ 37.50 Coppers, Splits and Markers included. Broken Sets of Checks filled up at short notice. Welling’s Patent Compressed Ivory Faro Checks. Plain 1½ inch, per hundred . . . $10.00 “ 1⅝ “ “ “ . . . 11.50 Lined 1½ “ “ “ . . . 11.50 “ 1⅝ “ “ “ . . . 13.00 Engraved 1½ in. “ “ . . . 13.00 “ 1⅝ “ “ “ 16.00 Plain 1½ in. pr. set of six hundred 50.00 “ 1⅝ “ “ “ “ 60.00 Lined 1½ “ “ “ “ 60.00 “ 1⅝ “ “ “ “ 70.00 Engraved 1½ in. “ “ “ 80.00 “ 1⅝ “ “ “ “ 90.00 Poker Chips. IVORY. 1 inch . . . per hundred, $10.00
• 46.
  1⅛; “ .. . “ 12.00 1¼ “ . . . “ 15.00 1⅜ “ . . . “ 16.00 Either red, blue or white. BONE. 1 in., . . . per hundred, 1⅛ “ plain . . . “ 3.00 cut to measure, 1⅛ “ “ “ 4.00 1¼ “ “ “ 6.00 1⅜ “ “ “ 8.00 1⅝ “ “ “ 10.00 Boston Counters, per set 4.00 Welling’s Patent Compressed Ivory Poker Chips. Poker Chips, pr. set of six hundred, $38.00 “ “ one “ 7.00 Parties sending for Poker Chips will please specify the number wanted of each color. Faro Boxes and Tools. Square Dealing Faro Box, fine make, German Silver, extra heavy $25.00
• 47.
  Card Punches, steel4.00 Card Punches, silver, with hinge 10.00 Trimming Shears, double edged Cutter 35.00 Trimming Shears, Knife small 20.00 Trimming Shears, Knife large 50.00 Stripper Plates, to use with Knife, per set 5.00 Card Press, without cover 6.00 Card Press, with slide cover, compartment for dealing Box, lock and key 10.00 The same, to hold a dozen packs, Double 14.00 Case Keepers, Cards, Wooden markers 12.00 Case Keepers, Cards, Composition markers 15.00 Square Props, per set, 4 in a set 3.00 Case Keepers, finest painted Ivory markers 25.00 Transcriber’s Note: Obvious printer errors corrected silently. Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.
• 48.
  *** END OFTHE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR RUNNING, WALKING, ROWING, WRESTLING, BOXING, JUMPING, AND ALL KINDS OF ATHLETIC FEATS *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE
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