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Information Visualisation - Lecture 1
The document discusses foundations of information visualization. It begins by explaining the goal of visualization is to transfer information from one point to another, such as from data to understanding. Different types of visualization like exploratory and explanatory are introduced. Exploratory visualization is used to analyze and understand data, while explanatory aims to communicate findings to others. The concept of information architecture and organizing data to support usability is also covered. Finally, the document discusses how functions constrain forms in visualization design and the relationship between the two is bidirectional.
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Information Visualisation - Lecture 1
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- 2. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 2 Why Visualize? "The first and main goal of any graphic and visualization is to be a tool for your eyes and brain to perceive what lies beyond their natural reach". Alberto Cairo in "the functional art"
- 3. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 3 Knowledge transfer www.nickmilton.com
- 4. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 4 Knowledge transfer http://imgur.com/gallery/S83PHzp
- 5. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 5 Analysis and exploration http://xkcd.com/552/
- 6. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 6 Analysis and exploration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_and_dependence
- 7. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 7 Planning and decision making © The New Yorker Collection. 2002. Leo Cullum from cartoonbank.com.
- 8. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 8 Planning and decision making http://wol.iza.org/articles/redesigning-pension-systems/long
- 9. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 9 Why Visualize? • Visualisation leverages the incredible capabilities and bandwidth of the visual system to move a huge amount of information into the brain very quickly. Designing Data Visualizations, Noah Iliinsky & Julie Steele, O'Reilly 2011
- 10. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 10 Why Visualize? • Visualisation leverages the incredible capabilities and bandwidth of the visual system to move a huge amount of information into the brain very quickly. • Visualisation takes advantage of our brains built-in "software" to identify patterns and communicate relationships and meaning. Designing Data Visualizations, Noah Iliinsky & Julie Steele, O'Reilly 2011
- 11. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 11 Why Visualize? • Visualisation leverages the incredible capabilities and bandwidth of the visual system to move a huge amount of information into the brain very quickly. • Visualisation takes advantage of our brains built-in "software" to identify patterns and communicate relationships and meaning. • Visualisation can inspire new questions and further exploration. Designing Data Visualizations, Noah Iliinsky & Julie Steele, O'Reilly 2011
- 12. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 12 Why Visualize? • Visualisation leverages the incredible capabilities and bandwidth of the visual system to move a huge amount of information into the brain very quickly. • Visualisation takes advantage of our brains built-in "software" to identify patterns and communicate relationships and meaning. • Visualisation can inspire new questions and further exploration. • Visualisation helps identify sub-problems. Designing Data Visualizations, Noah Iliinsky & Julie Steele, O'Reilly 2011
- 13. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 13 Why Visualize? • Visualisation leverages the incredible capabilities and bandwidth of the visual system to move a huge amount of information into the brain very quickly. • Visualisation takes advantage of our brains built-in "software" to identify patterns and communicate relationships and meaning. • Visualisation can inspire new questions and further exploration. • Visualisation helps identify sub-problems. • Visualisation is really good for identifying trends and outliers, discovering or searching for interesting or specific data points in a larger field. Designing Data Visualizations, Noah Iliinsky & Julie Steele, O'Reilly 2011
- 14. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 14 Why Visualize? Move information from point A to B.
- 15. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 15 Exploratory vs Explanatory Exploratory Point A is the dataset and point B is the designer's own mind.
- 16. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 16 Exploratory "You have a whole bunch of data and you're not sure what's in it." "This type of visualisation is typically part of the data analysis phase, and is used to find the story the data has to tell you." Designing Data Visualizations, Noah Iliinsky & Julie Steele, O'Reilly 2011
- 17. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 17 Exploratory http://www.messenger-education.org/workshops/MLA_topography_print_labels.jpg Water Ice Data from Mercury
- 18. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 18 Exploratory vs Explanatory Explanatory Point A is the designer's mind and point B is the mind of the reader.
- 19. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 19 Explanatory "You know what the data has to say, and you are trying to tell that story to somebody else." "This type of visualisation is typically part of the presentation phase." Designing Data Visualizations, Noah Iliinsky & Julie Steele, O'Reilly 2011
- 20. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 20 Explanatory http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/news_room/presscon12_multi.html Water Ice Data from Mercury
- 21. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 21 Explanatory http://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/
- 22. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 22 From Information to Wisdom
- 23. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 23 From Information to Wisdom 1970's Richard Saul Wurman, Prof. of architecture in North Carolina, predicted oncoming information explosion needs professionals in organising data:
- 24. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 24 From Information to Wisdom 1970's Richard Saul Wurman, Prof. of architecture in North Carolina, predicted oncoming information explosion needs professionals in organising data: "Information Architects"
- 25. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 25 From Information to Wisdom Information Architect's main goal: "Fight information anxiety" Superhero by Mordok78 www.deviantart.com
- 26. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 26 From Information to Wisdom Information Architect's main goal: "Fight information anxiety" „The black hole between data and knowledge“ aka Superhero by Mordok78 www.deviantart.com
- 27. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 27 From Information to Wisdom Superhero by Mordok78 www.deviantart.com • Structural design of shared information environments
- 28. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 28 From Information to Wisdom Superhero by Mordok78 www.deviantart.com • Structural design of shared information environments • Combination of organisation, labelling, search, and navigation systems within websites and intranets
- 29. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 29 From Information to Wisdom Superhero by Mordok78 www.deviantart.com • Structural design of shared information environments • Combination of organisation, labelling, search, and navigation systems within websites and intranets • The art and science of shaping information products and experiences to support usability and find-ability
- 30. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 30 From Information to Wisdom Superhero by Mordok78 www.deviantart.com • Structural design of shared information environments • Combination of organisation, labelling, search, and navigation systems within websites and intranets • The art and science of shaping information products and experiences to support usability and find-ability • An emerging discipline and community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape
- 31. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 31 From Information to Wisdom DIKW Hierarchies Unstructured Information Data Outer world Gathering and filtering First level of encoding
- 32. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 32 From Information to Wisdom DIKW Hierarchies Unstructured Information Data Structured Information Outer world Second level of encoding Gathering and filtering First level of encoding Communicators
- 33. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 33 From Information to Wisdom DIKW Hierarchies Unstructured Information Data Structured Information Knowledge Outer world Second level of encoding Gathering and filtering First level of encoding Audiences decode what is presented using memories and experiences Communicators
- 34. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 34 From Information to Wisdom DIKW Hierarchies Unstructured Information Data Structured Information Knowledge Wisdom Outer world Second level of encoding Gathering and filtering First level of encoding In-depth understanding and memorization Audiences decode what is presented using memories and experiences Audience Communicators
- 35. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 35 From Information to Wisdom Further Literature „Polar Bear Book“ Peter Morville & Lois Rosenfeld
- 36. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 36 Summary • Visualisation is a tool to transfer information • Different use cases (Exploratory vs. Explanatory) • Consider „information consumers“ (knowledge) • Give information the right shape -> Information Architect
- 37. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 37 Brainwork
- 38. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 38 from „the functional art“, Alberto Cairo
- 39. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 39 from „the functional art“, Alberto Cairo
- 40. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 40 from „the functional art“, Alberto Cairo 0 100 200 300 400 Brazil Colombia Venezuela Peru Argentina Chile Ecuador Bolivia Discussion vs
- 41. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 41 from „the functional art“, Alberto Cairo Absolute values
- 42. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 42 from „the functional art“, Alberto Cairo Relative values
- 43. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 43 ArmedForces(Thousandsofpeople) 0 100 200 300 400 Population (Millions of people) 0 50 100 150 200 21,6 7,1 2,6 1,2 2,14,6 0,9 0,2 million dollars per year Brazil Colombia Bolivia Ecuador Chile Venezuela Argentina Peru check $ per year
- 44. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 44 Form follows function
- 45. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 45 Form follows function Louis Sullivan American Architect "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered", 1896
- 46. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 46 Form follows function "All things in nature have a shape ... an outwards semblance, that tells us what they are ... Unfailing in nature these shapes express the inner life, the native quality of the animal, tree, bird, fish that they present to us. It is the pervading law of all things organic and inorganic ... that the life is recognisable in its expression, that form ever follows function. This is the law." Louis Sullivan, "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered," March, 1896 http://academics.triton.edu/faculty/fheitzman/tallofficebuilding.html
- 47. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 47 Form follows function • "The form of a thing is a clue to its nature" (->Affordances: Spoon vs. iPod)
- 48. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 48 Form follows function • "The form of a thing is a clue to its nature" (->Affordances: Spoon vs. iPod) • Influence on 20th century architecture (Bauhaus)
- 49. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 49 Form follows function • "The form of a thing is a clue to its nature" (->Affordances: Spoon vs. iPod) • Influence on 20th century architecture (Bauhaus) • Today's interpretation: human centred design http://www.bethkanter.org/wp-content/uploads/130.png Used under „Fair use“ doctrine
- 50. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 50 Form follows function unidirectional relationship?
- 51. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 51 Functions constrain forms
- 52. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 52 Functions constrain forms Relationship between forms and function is bidirectional
- 53. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 53 Brainwork
- 54. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 54 Functions constrain forms
- 55. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 55 Functions constrain forms
- 56. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 56 Functions constrain forms
- 57. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 57 Functions constrain forms
- 58. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 58 Functions constrain forms
- 59. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 59 Functions constrain forms
- 60. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 60 Functions constrain forms Morgan Stanley RBS Deutsche Bank Crédit Agricole Société Générale Barclays BNP Paribas Unicredit UBS Credit Suisse Goldman Sachs Santander Citigroup JP Morgan HBSC 0 100 200 300 400 January 2007 January 2009
- 61. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 61 Functions constrain forms Morgan Stanley RBS Deutsche Bank Crédit Agricole Société Générale Barclays BNP Paribas Unicredit UBS Credit Suisse Goldman Sachs Santander Citigroup JP Morgan HBSC 0 100 200 300 400 Value Change Loss (2007 - 2009) 2009 2007 Morgan Stanley RBS Deutsche Bank Crédit Agricole Société Générale Barclays BNP Paribas Unicredit UBS Credit Suisse Goldman Sachs Santander Citigroup JP Morgan HBSC 0 100 200 300 400
- 62. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 62 Functions constrain forms
- 63. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 63 Functions constrain forms Are bubbles always bad?
- 64. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 64 Functions constrain forms http://www.xocas.com/blog/en/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/map_shift_margin_big.png Xaquín G.V.
- 65. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 65 Tufte vs. Holmes Artist unknown Used under the fair use doctrine
- 66. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 66 Edward Tufte Nigel Holmes vs. „The engineer“ „The designer“
- 67. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 67 Edward Tufte Edward Rolf Tufte „The engineer“ „is an American statistician and professor emeritus of political science, statistics, and computer science at Yale University. He is noted for his writings on information design and as a pioneer in the field of data visualization.“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Tufte
- 68. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 68 Edward Tufte Minimalism and Efficiency „A visual design project is good if it communicates a lot with little.“ Edward R. Tufte
- 69. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 69 Edward Tufte Minimalism and Efficiency • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data - a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design.
- 70. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 70 Edward Tufte Minimalism and Efficiency • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data - a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. • Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency.
- 71. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 71 Edward Tufte Minimalism and Efficiency • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data - a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. • Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. • Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space.
- 72. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 72 Edward Tufte
- 73. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 73 Edward Tufte
- 74. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 74 Edward Tufte Data-ink ratio Data-ink ratio = Ink that encodes data Total amount of ink used to print the graphic Replace „ink“ with „pixels“ for our usage…
- 75. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 75 Edward Tufte Data-ink ratio Data-ink ratio = 150px 1000px = 0.15 The closer the data-ink ratio is to 1.0, the better the graphic is, according to Tufte. Data pixel „Chartjunk“
- 76. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 76 Nigel Holmes „The designer“ Nigel Holmes „Is a British/American graphic designer, author, and theorist, who focuses on information graphics and information design…In 1977, worked in the map and chart department of Time magazine, where Holmes later became graphics director.“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Holmes
- 77. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 77 Nigel Holmes
- 78. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 78 Nigel Holmes
- 79. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 79 Nigel Holmes 17.500 35.000 52.500 70.000 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
- 80. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 80 Discussion
- 81. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 81 Hands-on #1 Search an information graphic for each category: 1. Exploratory 2. Explanatory in the internet or newspaper. Write a brief review (one paragraph) concerning topics learned in this lesson. Propose and explain improvements. ~3 people present their results as a basis for discussion next time.
- 82. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 82 Related People: Peter Morville @morville nigel holmes @nigelblue Edward Tufte @EdwardTufte Alberto Cairo @albertocairo