Download as PDF, PPTX
Uploaded byStefan Wasserbauer
Information Visualisation - Lecture 4
The document discusses interaction techniques for information visualization. It describes three interlocking feedback loops: the data manipulation loop, exploration and navigation loop, and problem-solving loop. It discusses theories for how users interact with and navigate data, including Hick-Hyman's Law, Fitt's Law, and Siegel and White's model of developing a cognitive spatial map. It also covers focus, context, and scale in information visualization.
More Related Content
Similar to Information Visualisation - Lecture 4
Information Visualisation - Lecture 4
- 1.
- 2. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 2 "The first and main goal of any graphic and visualization is to be a tool for your eyes and brain to perceive what lies beyond their natural reach". Alberto Cairo in "the functional art" Remember?
- 3. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 3 „Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand.“
- 4. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 4 See detail, zoom out to get on overview, find some related information, zoom in again to find details of original object of interest.
- 5. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 5 3 Interlocking Feedback Loops Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye- hand coordination.
- 6. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 6 3 Interlocking Feedback Loops Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye- hand coordination. Exploration and navigation loop Analyst finds her way in visual data space (cognitive spatial model)
- 7. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 7 3 Interlocking Feedback Loops Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye- hand coordination. Exploration and navigation loop Analyst finds her way in visual data space (cognitive spatial model) Problem-solving loop Analyst forms hypotheses
- 8. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 8 3 Interlocking Feedback Loops Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye- hand coordination. Exploration and navigation loop Analyst finds her way in visual data space (cognitive spatial model) Problem-solving loop Analyst forms hypotheses
- 9. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 9 Data Manipulation Loop
- 10. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 10 Data Manipulation Loop Choice Reaction Time Hick-Hyman’s Law Jay Hyman T = a + b.log2(n) n = Amount of choices T = Reaction time a,b = Empirically determined constants
- 11. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 11 Data Manipulation Loop Choice Reaction Time Factors: • Distinctness of signal • Amount of visual noise • Stimulus-response compatibility • Degree of accuracy • ~160ms / bit of information e.g.: 8 choices log(8) / log(2) = 3 3 * 160 = 480ms Hick-Hyman’s Law applied
- 12. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 12 Data Manipulation Loop Two-Dimensional Positioning and Selection from Information Visualization, Perception for Design, Colin Ware T = a + b.log2(D/W + 1.0) D = Distance W = Width T = Selection time a,b = Empirically determined constants Fitt’s Law Paul Fitts
- 13. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 13 Data Manipulation Loop Two-Dimensional Positioning and Selection from Information Visualization, Perception for Design, Colin Ware
- 14. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 14 Exploration and Navigation Loop
- 15. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 15 Exploration and Navigation Loop Navigation Control Loop from Information Visualization, Perception for Design, Colin Ware
- 16. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 16 Exploration and Navigation Loop Wayfinding, Cognitive Maps, and Real Maps Seigel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975). The development of spatial representations of large-scale environments. 1. Key landmarks are learned 2. Procedural Knowledge from one location to other 3. Cognitive spatial map is formed 3 stages by Seigel and White
- 17. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 17 Exploration and Navigation Loop Key landmarks are learned Seigel and White 1975 Initially no spatial understanding of the relationships between them. Declarative knowledge Think of recognising a e.g. crossing, radio tower, church,… in a town.
- 18. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 18 Exploration and Navigation Loop Procedural Knowledge about Routes between Landmarks Seigel and White 1975 Development of knowledge how to get from one point to another. Landmarks serve as decision points. Think of recognising a e.g. crossing, radio tower, church,… in a town.
- 19. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 19 Exploration and Navigation Loop Cognitive spatial map is formed Seigel and White 1975 Representation of space (2D) and has quantitative information about distances. Cognitive spatial map allows estimations of distances.
- 20. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 20 Cognitive spatial map is formedOverview Map
- 21. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 21 Cognitive spatial map is formedOverview Map
- 22. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 22 Cognitive spatial map is formedOverview Map The camper
- 23. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 23 Focus, Context and Scale
- 24. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 24 Exploration and Navigation Loop Focus, Context and Scale • Spatial Scale Common for mapping applications. E.g. Spatial behaviour of users in a certain city, country, continent.
- 25. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 25 Exploration and Navigation Loop Focus, Context and Scale • Spatial Scale Common for mapping applications. E.g. Spatial behaviour of users in a certain city, country, continent. • Structural Scale E.g. software has structural components on different level of detail. Code -> Method -> Class -> … -> System
- 26. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 26 Exploration and Navigation Loop Focus, Context and Scale • Spatial Scale Common for mapping applications. E.g. Spatial behaviour of users in a certain city, country, continent. • Structural Scale E.g. software has structural components on different level of detail. Code -> Method -> Class -> … -> System • Temporal Scale Timing of events in different scales. E.g. Network traffic pattern of overall infrastructure, pattern during a day, pattern of single transaction (microseconds)
- 27. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 27 Exploration and Navigation Loop Focus, Context and Scale Focus-context problem has been spatially solved by human visual system (moderate changes in scale). The brain continuously integrates information from successive fixations of the fovea with less-detailed information from periphery.
- 28. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 28 Exploration and Navigation Loop http://www.visualcinnamon.com/occupations
- 29. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 29 Exploration and Navigation Loop http://bost.ocks.org/mike/fisheye/
- 30. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 30 Exploration and Navigation Loop http://mbtaviz.github.io
- 31. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 31 Exploration and Navigation Loop http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/1667367
- 32. ILV Informationsvisualisierungen #viz_lnz@wassx 32 Resources Interview with designer of Ironman HUD