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![Mars
Looking for microbes
• Take a sample, add water and
watch the waste.
[waste came out]
• Take a sample, heat it, add
water and watch the waste.
[NO waste came out]
Looking for organics
• Without diving in the details,
the experiment involve heating
the sample.
13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/search-of-life-in-the-solar-system-240723151541-11330dfe/75/Inspiring-every-child-with-our-wonderful-cosmos-13-2048.jpg)
![Paradigm Shift
• The old model for habitability
is to be in just the right
distance from the star to have
the liquid water on the
surface. [1 AU]
• New Model: Tidal activity that
enables liquid water beneath
the ice.
17](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/search-of-life-in-the-solar-system-240723151541-11330dfe/75/Inspiring-every-child-with-our-wonderful-cosmos-17-2048.jpg)
Inspiring every child with our wonderful cosmos
- 1. The Search ofLife In The Solar System BY: Yasir M. O. ABBAS 1 October 2017
- 2. Exploring New WorldsIn Space 2
- 3. Evidences • Is therean evidence for life out of the Earth??? • No • Science of Probability • Is there evidence that there isn’t life out of the Earth??? • No • Science of Possibilities 3
- 4. What do wesearch for? • What happened to create life in the Earth? • Do these CONDITIONS are there some where in the solar system? • Don’t forget this question but Let’s answer it later! 4
- 5. What Is LIFE??? • We KNOW nothing !!! • CHANGE THE QUESTION: What Does Life Do? • Takes energy • Grows • Reproduces • Complexity • ???????? 5
- 6. STOP Defining indetails • We don’t want to define life, we take general characteristics. • We want to find it .. will know when we do! • We tend to think that what we have applies to the universe.. But that is not TURE always. 6
- 7. Photosynthesis • Terrestrial lifeis based on the Sun. • How do humans take energy from the Sun???? 7
- 8.
- 9. Water • Life needsLIQUID medium. • chemical reactions. • Transportation tool • Photosynthesis >> An easy process to store energy. • Why water is special? • Abundance in the solar system. • Found in liquid phase commonly. • Universal solvent >> polar molecule. • Water ice is less density than liquid water. 9
- 10. Alternatives Energy Sources • Chemosynthesis. •Methanogens (Archaea). • Methane is the signature. Liquid • Ammonia NH3 10
- 11. History of Lifeon Earth • 4.5B Years old • Almost half of the Earth’s age the chemosynthesis was dominant. • Then a switch flipped to photosynthesis. 11
- 12. Mars • 1976 theViking lander. • Several Experiments • Look for organics! • Look for microbes! • Not applicable due to decomposers. 12
- 13. Mars Looking for microbes •Take a sample, add water and watch the waste. [waste came out] • Take a sample, heat it, add water and watch the waste. [NO waste came out] Looking for organics • Without diving in the details, the experiment involve heating the sample. 13
- 14. Mars • Evidences forhabitable warm and wet environment. • • More than 20 missions to Mars, 9 are active. • There is water ice on Mars. The search is for liquid water. There’re sings for that! 14
- 15. Mars • A meteoritefrom mars has been found that never heated. • The idea of exchanging lives raised. • We just waiting to see their DNAs ! 15
- 16. Methane in Mars •Many scientific groups studying Mars announced to find methane in abundance. • Wasn’t convincing! • Not verified! • Till Curiosity said there is barely METHANE with some spikes! (No explanation yet) 16
- 17. Paradigm Shift • Theold model for habitability is to be in just the right distance from the star to have the liquid water on the surface. [1 AU] • New Model: Tidal activity that enables liquid water beneath the ice. 17
- 18. Europa • Oceans ofsalty liquid water under ice. • The suitable Tidal Energy Dynamic. • Rocky sea floor. • Exploration & Flybys • Voyager spacecraft. • Galileo spacecraft. • Future mission (ESA & NASA) 18
- 19. Europa • About thesize of our moon. • 230% water compared to Earth. • Metallic core. • Rocky mantle. • Water crust. 19
- 20. Enceladus • Small rockyicy, just 500 Km • No great tidal energy • A lot of organics plus water. • Slightly more dense region beneath the ice. • All criteria but (time?) ! • Exploration and flybys: • Cassini Spacecraft 20
- 21. Titan • Saturn’s moon. •Large • A lot of Methane causes the haze. • Clouds. • Rain !!! :D • Exploration & Flybys • Voyager spacecraft. • Cassini spacecraft. 21
- 22. Titan • There iswater but as rocks • Scientists are searching for methane based life. • Very cold weather slows chemical reactions of taking energy. • A lander from Cassini discovered decaying in (H2) near the surface. • Mystery unrevealed !!! 22
- 23. A Mission tofind life • Galileo Spacecraft • High Resolution Images • Atmosphere compositions. • Reflected waves. • The results of atmosphere analyses shows abundant of: • Water vapor • Oxygen (Too Much) • Methane 23
- 24. A Mission tofind life • Measurements of reflection of certain wavelength • Images show no man made features at Res 1km, by 100m could see some. 24
- 25. A Mission tofind life • Intelligent life? • Only one measurement showed that (Radio Rx) • Steady frequency • Modulated • From below of the atmosphere. 25
- 26.
- 27. 27 Short Video (~5mins)
- 28. References • Based on“The Science of the Solar System” by CalTech in Coursera. • Wikipedia website. • NASA website. • ESA website. 28
- 29.