Integrated disease management

Integrated disease management

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  COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, RAIPUR PGS-502 SESSION2018-19 Presented To; Presented By; Mr.R.P.KUJUR SHEKH ALISHA M.Sc.(prev.) (Ag.) ENTOMOLOGY TOPIC:INTEGRATEDDISEASE MANAGEMENT
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  WHAT IS IDM? Integrateddisease management is the practice of using a range of measures to prevent and manage diseases in crops. Hazard analysis is used to identify the potential for infection so that preventative or curative measures can be put in place to minimise the risk of disease infection and spread.
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  EXAMPLES OF IPM •BIOLOGICAL CONTROL • PHYSICAL CONTROL • MECHANICAL CONTROL • CULTURAL CONTROL • CHEMICAL CONTROL • QUARANTINE MEASURES
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  COMPONENTS OF IDM Exclusion— Eradication — Protection – Resistance — Therapy – Avoidance –
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  EXCLUSION • KEEP PATHOGENS(THINGS THAT CAUSE DISEASE), VECTORS (THINGS THAT SPREAD DISEASE) AND INFECTED PLANTS OUT OF DISEASE-FREE AREAS. • FOR EXAMPLE:REDUCE THE INTRODUCTION OF INOCULUM FROM EXTERNAL SOURCES DURING THE COURSE OF THE EPIDEMIC OR DELAY THE INTRODUCTION OF INOCULUM FROM EXTERNAL SOURCES BY MEANS OF PLANT QUARANTINE • Destroy a disease organism after it has become established. • You can do this by destruction of infected plants, disinfection of storage bins, containers and equipment, and/or soil disinfection by fumigation, pasteurization, solarization or drenching. Eradication
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  PROTECTION Use a physicalbarrier such as a row cover. You can also use chemical applications available to prevent a disease from becoming established. Resistance • The planting of resistant varieties. Plant breeding is an important component which can be used to obtain more resistant varieties.
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  THERAPY • THE USEOF CHEMICALS THAT ARE SYSTEMIC IN THE PLANT. Avoidance • Use good cultural practices such as planting date selection, seedbed preparation and water management to avoid disease. Poorly drained soils, shade and other factors can increase the susceptibility of plants to disease. • Provide adequate irrigation, fertilization and space for each plant. Handle plants carefully to prevent injury, as the injury may later be the access point for a disease.
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  University of Florida- IFAS Integrated Plant Disease Management Cultural Controls • Crop rotation • Alternate host eradication – for pathogens and vectors • Sanitation of tools, equipment, potting containers, shoes, etc. • Improved plant environment, especially water management, air circulation • Nutrient management • Soil treatment, such as solarization, tillage • Mulches or other barriers 12
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  University of Florida- IFAS Integrated Plant Disease Management Chemical Controls Fungicides Bactericides Nematicides Insecticides Fumigants • Seed treatments • Soil treatments • Root drenches • Disinfecting tools • Foliar sprays • Trunk injections • Trunk sprays • Post-harvest use For fungicides and bactericides, the “cides” is not accurate. Most suppress rather than kill. There are no chemicals to use against plant viruses. 13
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  University of Florida- IFAS Year Fungicide Primary Use 1637 Brine (Salt) Cereal seed treatment 1755 Arsenic Cereal seed treatment 1760 Copper sulfate Cereal seed treatment 1824 Sulfur (dust) Powdery mildew and other pathogens 1833 Lime sulfur Broad spectrum foliar pathogens 1885 Bordeaux mixture Broad spectrum foliar pathogens 1891 Mercury chloride Turf fungicide 1900 CuOCl2 Especially Phytophthora infestans 1914 Phenylmercury chloride Cereal seed treatment 1932 Cu2O Seed and broad spectrum foliar diseases 1934 Dithiocarbamates patented Broad spectrum protectants 1940 Chloranil, Dichlone Broad spectrum seed treatment Integrated Plant Disease Management Chemical Controls (IN)Organic Fungicides: https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/bp/bp-69- w.pdf 15 From: http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Fungicides.aspx Organic Materials Review Institute: http://www.omri.org/
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  University of Florida- IFAS Integrated Plant Disease Management Chemical Controls FRA C Code Chemical Class Mode of action / inhibition Resistance risk 1 Benzimidazoles Beta-tubulin assembly in mitosis (cytoskeleton and motor proteins) high 2 Dicarboximides MAP/Histidine-kinase in osmotic signal transduction medium- high 3 Azoles, Pyrimidines C-14 demethylation in sterol biosynthesis in membranes medium 4 Phenylamides RNA polymerase I (nucleic acid synthesis) high 5 Morpholines ^8 and ^7 isomerase and ^14 reductase in sterol biosynthesis low-medium 7 Carboxamides Succinic acid oxidation (respiration) medium 9 Anilinopyrimidine Methionine biosynthesis (amino acid and protein synthesis) medium 11 Strobilurins Mitochondrial synthesis in cytochrome bc1 (respiration) high 16 Various chemistry Melanin biosynthesis (two sites) in cell wall medium 40 Carboxylic acid amides Cellulose synthase (cell wall formation in Oomycetes) low-medium M1 Inorganics Multisite contact low M3 Dithiocarbamates Multisite contact low M5 Phthalimides Multisite contact low Mode of action of some major fungicides classes, their FRAC code and resistance risk Fungicide Resistance Action Committee: http://www.frac.info; http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi131 16
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  University of Florida- IFAS Integrated Plant Disease Management Microbiological Controls  Fungi: Trichoderma, Candida, Muscodor, Pythium, Ulocladium, Verticillium  Bacteria: Bacillus group, Streptomyces, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Pasteuria, Agrobacterium, Paecilomyces, Burkholdaria https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/advanced/topics/Pages/BiologicalControl.a spx 18