Intelligent transport system himanshi
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The document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which use information and communication technologies to improve transportation outcomes such as safety, productivity, reliability and more. ITS technologies can include wireless communications, computational technologies, floating car data collection using cellular signals, and sensing technologies like inductive loops and video detection. The document outlines several ITS applications including emergency notification systems, automatic road enforcement, collision avoidance systems and more. Benefits of ITS include reduced accidents, time savings, lower emissions and costs.
Intelligent transport system himanshi
- 1. Intelligence Transport System Himanshi Singh
- 2. Contents Introduction Why ITS? Intelligent Transport Technologies ITS Application Ecall Automatic Road Enforcement Benefits of ITS Collosion Avoidance System Vedio illustrating ITS
- 3. Introduction The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to information and communication technology, applied to transport infrastructure and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes such as: ◦ Transport Safety ◦ Transport Productivity ◦ Travel Reliability ◦ Informed Travel Choices ◦ Social Equity ◦ Environmental Performance ◦ Network Operation Resilience
- 4. ITS, but why? Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion and a synergy of new information technology for simulation, real-time control, and communications networks. Many of the proposed ITS systems also involve surveillance of the roadways. Further, ITS can play a role in the rapid mass evacuation of people in urban centers after large casualty events such as a result of a natural disaster or threat.
- 5. Intelligent Transport Technologies Wireless Communications Computational Technologies Floating Car/Cellular Data Video Vehicle Detection Inductive Loop Detection & Sensing Technologies
- 6. Wireless Communications Radio modem communication on UHF and VHF frequencies are widely used for short and long range communication within ITS. Short-range communications (less than 450 meters) can be accomplished using IEEE 802.11 protocols. Longer range communications have been proposed using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), or 3G.
- 7. Illustration
- 8. Computational Technologies A typical vehicle in the early 2000s would have between 20 and 100 individual networked microcontroller/Programmable logic controller modules with non-real-time operating systems. The current trend is toward fewer, more costly microprocessor modules with hardware memory management and Real-Time Operating Systems. The new embedded system platforms allow for more sophisticated software applications to be implemented, including model-based process control, artificial intelligence, and ubiquitous computing.
- 10. Floating Car/Celullar data "Floating car" or "probe" data collection is a set of relatively low-cost methods for obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling along streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes. Broadly speaking, three methods have been used to obtain the raw data: Triangulation Method Vehicle Re-Identification GPS Based Methods
- 11. Cntd. Floating car data technology provides advantages over other methods of traffic measurement: Less expensive than sensors or cameras More coverage (potentially including all locations and streets) Faster to set up and less maintenance Works in all weather conditions, including heavy rain
- 13. Triangulation Method In the mid 2000s, attempts were made to use mobile phones as anonymous traffic probes. As a car moves, so does the signal of any mobile phones that are inside the vehicle. With more congestion, there are more cars, more phones, and thus, more probes. In metropolitan areas, the distance between antennas is shorter and in theory accuracy increases. An advantage of this method is that no infrastructure needs to be built along the road; only the mobile phone network is leveraged.
- 14. Vechile re-identification ◦ This method requires sets of detectors mounted along the road. In this technique, a unique serial number for a device in the vehicle is detected at one location and then detected again (re-identified) further down the road. Travel times and speed are calculated by comparing the time at which a specific device is detected by pairs of sensors. GPS Based Methods. ◦ An increasing number of vehicles are equipped with in-vehicle GPS (satellite navigation) systems that have two-way communication with a traffic data provider. Position readings from these vehicles are used to compute vehicle speeds.
- 15. Sensing Technologies Technological advances in telecommunications and information technology, coupled with state-of- the-art microchip, RFID , and inexpensive intelligent beacon sensing technologies, have enhanced the technical capabilities that will facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation systems globally. Sensing systems for ITS are vehicle- and infrastructure-based networked systems.
- 16. Illustration
- 17. Inductive Loop Detection Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to detect vehicles as they pass through the loop's magnetic field. While more sophisticated sensors estimate the speed, length, and weight of vehicles and the distance between them. Loops can be placed in a single lane or across multiple lanes, and they work with very slow or stopped vehicles as well as vehicles moving at high-speed.
- 19. Video Vehicle Detection Traffic flow measurement and automatic incident detection using video cameras is another form of vehicle detection. This type of system is known as a "non-intrusive" method of traffic detection. Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed into processors that analyze the changing characteristics of the video image as vehicles pass.
- 20. Most video detection systems require some initial configuration to "teach" the processor the baseline background image. This usually involves inputting known measurements such as the distance between lane lines or the height of the camera above the roadway.
- 21. Intelligent Transport Applications Emergency Vechile Notification System Automatic Road Enforcement Variable Speed Limits Collision Avoidance Systems Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence Emergency Management Service
- 22. eCall
- 23. Automatic Road Enforcement Speed cameras Red light cameras Bus lane cameras Level crossing cameras Double white line cameras High-occupancy vehicle lane cameras
- 24. Benefits of ITS Accident Cost Saving (44%) Time Saving(41%) Emission/Fuel Saving(6%) Opreating Cost Saving (5%) Agency Cost Saving (4%) Others (1%)
- 25. Collision Avoidance System A traffic collision avoidance system or traffic alert and collision avoidance system (both abbreviated as TCAS, and pronounced tee-kas) is an aircraft collision avoidance system designed to reduce the incidence of mid-air collisions between aircraft.
- 26. Video
- 27. Q & A?