IWBs in the Secondary:  Where is the Interaction? Jason de Nys ESF 21st Century Learning @ Hong Kong Conference 2-3 May 2008
Define Interaction Why is Interaction good? How are IWBs used? Can they be a Catalyst for the Development of Interactive pedagogy? Why I  ♥  my IWB! The hype Avoiding barriers to effective IWB use Summary Presentation Agenda:
An  exchange  between a student and a computer program. It begins with a screen touch, a mouse click, a key press or other input by a student. It ends when the discernable  reaction  of the program is complete.  The  relation  among objects that do something to one another.  Evidence  of interaction is an  observable  effect that is interpreted as arising from the interaction of certain objects.  The  influence  of objects, materials, or events on one another.  A  conversation  or  exchange  between people.  Reciprocal  action; action or  influence  of persons or things  on each other (Oxford English Dictionary).  The  effect  of one variable on another variable. Define: Interaction  [in-ter-ak-sh uh -n ]
exchange
reaction
relation
observable  evidence
influence
conversation
reciprocal
effect
Why is interaction good?
Supervised interaction between students reduces the incidence of bullying
Interaction offers the teacher a window onto student thinking
Interaction enhances peer learning
“ The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts”   Interaction allows collaboration
Effective interaction  requires thought
Without interaction everyone is on their own
In terms of real interaction...
...how is this...
...so very different from this?
...or this?
 
Technology can be an enabler of interaction ...
... and it can be a barrier
How do  you  use  your  IWB?
IWB use
“ The inventor of this system  deserves to be ranked among the best contributors to learning  and science, if not the greatest  benefactors of mankind.”
Josiah F Bumstead, 1841. Speaking about the invention of the chalkboard “ The inventor of this system  deserves to be ranked among the best contributors to learning  and science, if not the greatest  benefactors of mankind.”
Could you use a chalkboard to do some of the things that you do on the IWB?
IWB use Is an IWB essential for the task? If not, what other equipment could be used? Rate from 1-5 the interactivity (1 = best)
Can IWBs Act as a Catalyst for the Development of Interactive Pedagogy? When ‘disruptive’ is a good thing.
“ Our analysis suggests that teachers in the case studies conceived of interactivity in different ways and that this impacts on the type of pedagogy that we observed in the classrooms.” From a British study:
“ Where there was interactivity in the classroom it was primarily technical … interactivity was both discussed and measured in terms of technological skills, how often students came up to the board and how often they interacted with particular features (Drag and drop/ cover and reveal).
“ In these classrooms, interactivity has come to stand for interacting with the board itself, not manipulating the concepts the teacher is teaching.”
“ The focus on interactivity as a technical process leads to some relatively mundane activities being seen as ‘good’ with interaction with the board appearing to stand for ‘learning’.” Moss, G.  et al 2007, p41
“ ... the interactive whiteboard was heralded by most teachers as providing interactivity for students ... From an Australian study:
“  The only form of interactivity we saw was the tactile benefit for young learners ...” Schuck, S.  and Kearney, M 2007
Yet, in the studies the perception of many teachers was that the IWB’s made lessons more interactive
Can IWBs Act as a Catalyst for the Development of Interactive Pedagogy? Perhaps… but will it be a new pedagogy?  Most teachers continue teaching according to their existing philosophy.
Why I  ♥  my IWB!
It can be a window on to the world
“ They appear to encourage teachers to be more interested in computer technologies and provide a bridge into the digital world, for both teachers and students.”   Schuck, S. and Kearney, M., 2006
demonstrating applications
pace
preparation “ head teachers … suggested that the impact of the whiteboards was most positive in the increased preparation that teachers were putting into their lessons.” (Burden and Sietniekas cited in Schuck and Kearney 2007)
resources
sharing
recording lessons
continuity
voting
everything at your fingertips
multimodal
‘ Interactives’ or ‘Learning objects’ But be aware...
Some ‘interactives’ can be like a chimpanzee banging on a typewriter
Text + Diagram + Hyperlink = Interactive?
Choices + Feedback + Challenges = Interactive!
IWBs can become interactive when we use... Problem solving Well crafted software Graphical organisers Expert Jigsaw Reflection Critical thinking Etc. Etc. Think-pair-share Targeted discussion Etc. ... Existing interactive pedagogies
The Hype
“… one year after the introduction of interactive whiteboards, pupils’ performance improved more in national literacy, mathematics and science tests compared to pupils in other schools .” From a European study:
But ...
“… this small though statistically important gain was not sustained into the second year of implementation.” Balanskat, A.  et al 2006, p27
Initial enthusiasm for all things IWB ... the ‘novelty factor’ ... soon wears off.
“ A critical review of the literature on IWBs by Higgins  et al.  (2005) also concluded that there does not appear to be any evidence linking increased pupil attainment with use of IWBs” Schuck, S. and Kearney, M., 2007
Where would you place yourself?   Modified from Gartner Inc. Hype Cycle ENTHUSIASM IWBs arrive
Avoiding barriers to effective IWB use
Consult
Target Early Adopters
Training and support
It needs to work  every time
Position Position Position
 
Mistaking IWBs for a pedagogy rather than a tool
In Summary:
It’s not the Tool that makes the learning experience…
... it’s the Pedagogy!
Balanskat, A., Blamire, R. and Kefala, S. (2006) The ICT Impact Report. A Review of studies  of ICT impact on schools in Europe.  European  Schoolnet . Retrieved April 21,  2008 from  http://insight.eun.org/shared/data/pdf/impact_study.pdf Moss, G., Jewitt, C., Levacic, R., Armstrong, V., Cardini, A and Castle, C. (2007) The  Interactive Whiteboards, Pedagogy and Pupil Performance Evaluation: An  evaluation of the Schools Whiteboard Expansion (SWE) Project: London  Challenge.  School of Educational Foundations and Policy Studies, Institute of Education, University of London .  Retrieved April 21, 2008 from  http://www.dfes.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/RR816.pdf Schuck, S. and Kearney, M. (2006) Exploring Pedagogy with Interactive Whiteboards: A  case study of six schools 2005-2006.  Designs for Learning Research Group,  University of Technology, Sydney.  Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.ed-dev.uts.edu.au/teachered/research/iwbproject/home.html Schuck, S. and Kearney, M. (2007) Disruptive or Compliant? The Impact of Two Educational  Technologies on Pedagogy.  Centre for Learning and Change, University of  Technology, Sydney.  Retrieved April 21, 2008 from  http://www.editlib.org/index.cfm/files/paper_25741.pdf?fuseaction= Reader.Downl 	 oadFullText&paper_id =25741 References
Images ♥   [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/vogue_qtr/2378412604/ 2005_048_03  [Image] (2005) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/chuckp/252924532/   2008_03_20-138  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/sergiorecabarren/2352398562/ Angel stole my Heart  [Image] (2005) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/60813467/   An old design 02   [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/ohhector/456611804/   BBQ Tofu Prep  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/2427371693/ Bolitas  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/alainbachellier/134682635/ Book Sculpture - SQC  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/auntie/102849108/ ~Continually Framed~  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/viamoi/2281653159/
Daddy you have not asked my permission!  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/mastrobiggo/2421862064/ Day 351: One more day to teach  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from   http://www.flickr.com/photos/judybaxter/2047851941/   Day dreamer...  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/beija-flor/532333043/sizes/l/  The Empire Skypes Back  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/hel2005/461332822/ Fabulous lettering  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 29, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/carowallis1/424397178/ Further on down the line  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/387482226/   Freedom Fighters  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/beija-flor/194900377/   Fuzzhead to fuzzhead  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 29, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/tcmhitchhiker/699629035/in/set- Gartner Hype Cycle  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 15, 2008 from  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/94/Gartner_Hype_Cycle.svg/400px-Gartner_Hype_Cycle.svg.png   Going up graph  [Image] (n.d) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://theleadercenter.com/images/going%20up%20graph.JPG Hype DMS LosAngeles Graffiti Art  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/24293932@N00/2344543676/
Inside  [Image] (2005) Retrieved April 29, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/a_mason/4006709/ Interactive interactive art show - Mike’s app  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/danzen/105653374/   Introduction to Monstering  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 26, 2006 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/76074333@N00/318034222/ http:// www.futuristmovies.com / Kiss  [Image] (2005) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/fofurasfelinas/26348730/in/set-257394/ Minty Dave  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/nealf/2380501309/ Old Skool  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/patrick_q/98179665/ Orange Bend  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/pbo31/234375542/ Phare de l’horreur  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/alainbachellier/134682635/ Players of games  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/cdell/511175506/ Pluto  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/solveigzophoniasdottir/316348283/
Promethean Activote after the Growth Hormone Treatment  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrjorgen/359846164/ Promethean sitting   [Image] (n.d.) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://www1.conceptav.com.au/Upload/Images/PrometheanSITTING860445.JPG Reciprocal - 128  [Image] (n.d) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http://graphtools.org/i/interval/reciprocal-128.png Screen Print [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from http://www.learner.org/interactives/dna/genetics.html Salvador Dali NYWTS  [Image] (1965) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Salvador_Dali_NYWTS.jpg Superdog [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/skycaptaintwo/89447510/ Technical difficulty  [Image] (2007) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/benny_lin/634013739/   Thermite skillet  [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 26, 2008 from  http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Thermite_skillet.jpg   The runner   [Image] (2006) Retrieved April 27, 2008 from  http://www.flickr.com/photos/hamed/258971456/ Things are shaping…  [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 29, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/b3ni/2434976328/ ‘ Tis the season [Image] (2008) Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/nzdave/317217079/

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IWBs in the Secondary: Where is the Interaction?

  • 1. IWBs in the Secondary: Where is the Interaction? Jason de Nys ESF 21st Century Learning @ Hong Kong Conference 2-3 May 2008
  • 2. Define Interaction Why is Interaction good? How are IWBs used? Can they be a Catalyst for the Development of Interactive pedagogy? Why I ♥ my IWB! The hype Avoiding barriers to effective IWB use Summary Presentation Agenda:
  • 3. An exchange between a student and a computer program. It begins with a screen touch, a mouse click, a key press or other input by a student. It ends when the discernable reaction of the program is complete. The relation among objects that do something to one another. Evidence of interaction is an observable effect that is interpreted as arising from the interaction of certain objects. The influence of objects, materials, or events on one another. A conversation or exchange between people. Reciprocal action; action or influence of persons or things on each other (Oxford English Dictionary). The effect of one variable on another variable. Define: Interaction [in-ter-ak-sh uh -n ]
  • 13. Supervised interaction between students reduces the incidence of bullying
  • 14. Interaction offers the teacher a window onto student thinking
  • 16. “ The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts” Interaction allows collaboration
  • 17. Effective interaction requires thought
  • 18. Without interaction everyone is on their own
  • 19. In terms of real interaction...
  • 21. ...so very different from this?
  • 23.  
  • 24. Technology can be an enabler of interaction ...
  • 25. ... and it can be a barrier
  • 26. How do you use your IWB?
  • 28. “ The inventor of this system deserves to be ranked among the best contributors to learning and science, if not the greatest benefactors of mankind.”
  • 29. Josiah F Bumstead, 1841. Speaking about the invention of the chalkboard “ The inventor of this system deserves to be ranked among the best contributors to learning and science, if not the greatest benefactors of mankind.”
  • 30. Could you use a chalkboard to do some of the things that you do on the IWB?
  • 31. IWB use Is an IWB essential for the task? If not, what other equipment could be used? Rate from 1-5 the interactivity (1 = best)
  • 32. Can IWBs Act as a Catalyst for the Development of Interactive Pedagogy? When ‘disruptive’ is a good thing.
  • 33. “ Our analysis suggests that teachers in the case studies conceived of interactivity in different ways and that this impacts on the type of pedagogy that we observed in the classrooms.” From a British study:
  • 34. “ Where there was interactivity in the classroom it was primarily technical … interactivity was both discussed and measured in terms of technological skills, how often students came up to the board and how often they interacted with particular features (Drag and drop/ cover and reveal).
  • 35. “ In these classrooms, interactivity has come to stand for interacting with the board itself, not manipulating the concepts the teacher is teaching.”
  • 36. “ The focus on interactivity as a technical process leads to some relatively mundane activities being seen as ‘good’ with interaction with the board appearing to stand for ‘learning’.” Moss, G. et al 2007, p41
  • 37. “ ... the interactive whiteboard was heralded by most teachers as providing interactivity for students ... From an Australian study:
  • 38. “ The only form of interactivity we saw was the tactile benefit for young learners ...” Schuck, S. and Kearney, M 2007
  • 39. Yet, in the studies the perception of many teachers was that the IWB’s made lessons more interactive
  • 40. Can IWBs Act as a Catalyst for the Development of Interactive Pedagogy? Perhaps… but will it be a new pedagogy? Most teachers continue teaching according to their existing philosophy.
  • 41. Why I ♥ my IWB!
  • 42. It can be a window on to the world
  • 43. “ They appear to encourage teachers to be more interested in computer technologies and provide a bridge into the digital world, for both teachers and students.” Schuck, S. and Kearney, M., 2006
  • 45. pace
  • 46. preparation “ head teachers … suggested that the impact of the whiteboards was most positive in the increased preparation that teachers were putting into their lessons.” (Burden and Sietniekas cited in Schuck and Kearney 2007)
  • 52. everything at your fingertips
  • 54. ‘ Interactives’ or ‘Learning objects’ But be aware...
  • 55. Some ‘interactives’ can be like a chimpanzee banging on a typewriter
  • 56. Text + Diagram + Hyperlink = Interactive?
  • 57. Choices + Feedback + Challenges = Interactive!
  • 58. IWBs can become interactive when we use... Problem solving Well crafted software Graphical organisers Expert Jigsaw Reflection Critical thinking Etc. Etc. Think-pair-share Targeted discussion Etc. ... Existing interactive pedagogies
  • 60. “… one year after the introduction of interactive whiteboards, pupils’ performance improved more in national literacy, mathematics and science tests compared to pupils in other schools .” From a European study:
  • 62. “… this small though statistically important gain was not sustained into the second year of implementation.” Balanskat, A. et al 2006, p27
  • 63. Initial enthusiasm for all things IWB ... the ‘novelty factor’ ... soon wears off.
  • 64. “ A critical review of the literature on IWBs by Higgins et al. (2005) also concluded that there does not appear to be any evidence linking increased pupil attainment with use of IWBs” Schuck, S. and Kearney, M., 2007
  • 65. Where would you place yourself? Modified from Gartner Inc. Hype Cycle ENTHUSIASM IWBs arrive
  • 66. Avoiding barriers to effective IWB use
  • 70. It needs to work every time
  • 72.  
  • 73. Mistaking IWBs for a pedagogy rather than a tool
  • 75. It’s not the Tool that makes the learning experience…
  • 76. ... it’s the Pedagogy!
  • 77. Balanskat, A., Blamire, R. and Kefala, S. (2006) The ICT Impact Report. A Review of studies of ICT impact on schools in Europe. European Schoolnet . Retrieved April 21, 2008 from http://insight.eun.org/shared/data/pdf/impact_study.pdf Moss, G., Jewitt, C., Levacic, R., Armstrong, V., Cardini, A and Castle, C. (2007) The Interactive Whiteboards, Pedagogy and Pupil Performance Evaluation: An evaluation of the Schools Whiteboard Expansion (SWE) Project: London Challenge. School of Educational Foundations and Policy Studies, Institute of Education, University of London . Retrieved April 21, 2008 from http://www.dfes.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/RR816.pdf Schuck, S. and Kearney, M. (2006) Exploring Pedagogy with Interactive Whiteboards: A case study of six schools 2005-2006. Designs for Learning Research Group, University of Technology, Sydney. Retrieved April 26, 2008 from http://www.ed-dev.uts.edu.au/teachered/research/iwbproject/home.html Schuck, S. and Kearney, M. (2007) Disruptive or Compliant? The Impact of Two Educational Technologies on Pedagogy. Centre for Learning and Change, University of Technology, Sydney. Retrieved April 21, 2008 from http://www.editlib.org/index.cfm/files/paper_25741.pdf?fuseaction= Reader.Downl oadFullText&paper_id =25741 References
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