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Similar to Into the Edge of the Solar System Humanity’s changing vision of the cosmos Presenter: Haileyesus Wondwossen .pdf
Into the Edge of the Solar System Humanity’s changing vision of the cosmos Presenter: Haileyesus Wondwossen .pdf
- 1. Copyright © Ethiopianspace science society
- 2. Outline ✓Mass of Planet. ✓meanradius of a Planet. ✓How far the planet from the sun? ✓How to find planet gravity? ✓What is Escape speed from planet? ✓Day andYears Period of a planet. ✓What do you mean dwarf planet? ✓Properties of a planet. Copyright © Ethiopian space science society
- 3. GRAVITY AND ESCAPESPEED G=𝑮𝑀 𝑟2 𝑮=6.65x10-11Nm2/kg2 V= 2𝑮𝑀 𝑟
- 5. NEBULAR THEORY ✓ SolarSystem is disk-shaped: ✓ It formed from a flat solar nebula. ✓ Planets revolve in the same direction: ✓ They formed from rotating nebula. ✓ Terrestrial planets are rock and metal and formed in hot inner region. ✓ Jovian planets include ice, H, He and formed in cool outer region. ❖ Kant's central idea was that the solar system began as a cloud of dispersed particles. He assumed that the mutual gravitational attractions of the particles caused them to start moving and colliding, at which point chemical forces kept them bonded together. As some of these aggregates became larger than others, they grew still more rapidly, ultimately forming the planets. Because Kant was highly versed in neither physics nor mathematics, he did not recognize the intrinsic limitations of his approach. His model does not account for planets moving around the Sun in the same direction and in the same plane, as they are observed to do, nor does it explain the revolution of planetary satellites. Planet Essemal Proto Planet Planet
- 11. MERCURY 8th planet smallest ✓Mass=3.18x1023kg ✓Mean Radius= 2.43x106m ✓Years Period= 88day ✓Day period= 58.64hr ✓Gravity = 3.6m/s2 ✓Temperature=-1730C - 4260C ✓Night temperatureWarm pole and hot pole are quadrant of mercury receive much more sun light during day time and have much higher day temperature Atmosphere the total amount of atmospheric gas is extremely small ❖Sodium ❖Helium ❖Potassium ❖Hydrogen ❖Other undetected gas ✓Distance from the sun =5.79x1010m ✓Escape speed= 4.3km/s ✓Has no natural satellite
- 12. VENUS 6th biggest planet ✓The brightest star in our necked eye ✓ Mass= 4.88x1024kg ✓ Mean Radius= 6.06x106m ✓ Years Period= 225day ✓ Day period= 243day ✓ Gravity = 8.86m/s2 ✓ A thick layer planet next to earth ✓ Temperature= -430C - 4670C ✓ Atmosphere, Co2-96.5%, N2 3.5% Cloud composition--H2SO4 ✓ Infrared radiation is unable to escape from surface ✓2.5% of sun light stick in this land the image is similar to earth ✓Distance from the sun = 1.08x1011m ✓Escape speed= 10.3km/s ✓Has no natural satellite Volcanos Aphrodite terra ✓This place a lava flows appear bright in radar image Aurelia crater ✓Is 30km in diameter and surrounded by a thick layer At a time 500 volcanos and 20km high will record inVenus is about 300km wide
- 13. 5th biggest planet ✓Mass=5.98x1024 kg ✓Mean Radius= 6.37x106m ✓Years Period = 365.25day ✓Day period= 24hr ✓Gravity = 9.83m/s2 ✓Temperature= S.T.P ✓Pressure=1.013x105pa ✓Density air=1.29kg/m3 ✓Distance from the sun= 1.496x1011m 1 AU ✓Escape speed= 11.3km/s EARTH
- 15. MOON ✓Mass= 7.36x1022 kg ✓MeanRadius= 1.74x106 m ✓Gravity = 1.6 m/s2 ✓Temperature= -1530C - 1070C ✓Distance from the Earth= 3.82x107m ✓Escape speed= 2.3 km/s ✓Average density 3.4 g/cm3 ✓Orbital period 27.32 days
- 17. MARS 7th biggest planet ✓Mass= 6.42x1023kg ✓ Mean Radius= 3.37x106m ✓ Years Period= 647day ✓ Day period= 25hr ✓ Gravity= 3.73m/s2 ✓ Temperature=-900C - 630C ✓ Has two natural satellites=Phobos and Deimos ✓ Distance from the sun= 2.28x1011m ✓ Escape speed= 5.0km/s ✓ Distance from earth=78-378 million km ✓ Magnetic field/ solar & ultraviolet radiation/ Mauritanian ✓Atmospheric pressure of mars about 600n/m2 this is less than 1% of earth ✓Co2 95%, nitrogen ,argon……… there is Small amount of water vapor ✓Atmosphere condition on mars can change with surprising speed 20’c /minute ✓Solstice- law amount of atmospheric pressure ✓Equinox- relatively high amount of atmospheric pressure at any time at minimum 1% of the land is covered by cloud ✓The total amount of water capes is harder to determine but there is probably enough there only to cover mars to depth of 10-100m- 2500 ✓Mars may have more than 1000 times as much water as we can directly detect
- 18. ASTEROID BELT ✓Asteroid beltoccupies the orbit between 2.3-3.3 AU from the sun ✓It is thought to be remnants from the solar system formation that failed to coalesce because of the gravitational interference of Jupiter ✓It contain a million of asteroid in over one kilometer in diameter o Kuiper belt
- 23. JUPITER 1st biggest planet 10times smaller than the sun 3.1o from true north ✓ Mass= 1.90x1027kg ✓ Mean Radius= 6.99x107 m ✓ Years Period= 12year ✓ Day period= 10hr ✓ Gravity= 24.9m/s2 ✓ Has 67 Natural satellites the main is Ganymede ,Io,callisto,europa ✓ Distance from the sun= 7.78x1011m ✓ Escape speed= 60km/s ✓Great red spot-is three times the size of the earth and at another time smaller than the earth Atmosphere ✓Hydrogen molecule and helium atom make up almost 99.9% of and its ratio is He1;4H Cloud ❖20km-high water ice ❖60km-high NH4SH ice ❖140km-high ammonia ice Inner parts ❖1 rocky metallic core ❖2 metallic hydrogen-under such extreme temperature and pressure ❖3 liquid molecular hydrogen
- 24. SATURN 2nd biggest planet ✓One ring 200m tick ✓ 26.7’ from true north ✓ Mass= 5.68x1026kg ✓ Mean Radius= 5.85x107m ✓ Years Period= 29.6year ✓ Day period= 10.6hr ✓ Gravity= 11m/s2 ✓ Has 62 Natural satellites the main is Titan, Tethys, Enceladus,Mimas ✓ Distance from the sun= 5.79x1010m ✓ Escape speed= 36km/s ✓ Atmosphere is likely the same to Jupiter in, cloud, inner parts ✓ Saturn atmosphere is cooler than Jupiter Much amount of natural things is the same to jupiter
- 26. URANUS 3rd biggest planet ✓97.9’ from the true north axis ✓ Mass= 8.68x1025kg ✓ Mean Radius= 2.33x107m ✓ Years Period= 84year ✓ Day period= 17.2hr ✓ Gravity= 10.6m/s2 ✓ Has 27 Natural satellites the main is Titania ,Oberon,Umbriel,ariel,miranda ✓ Distance from the sun= 2.87x1012m ✓ Escape speed= 22km/s ✓ Atmosphere composed of methane gas the cloud almost none ✓ Absorb red sun light ✓ Reflect the blue sun light and have ring like Saturn but it is thick
- 27. NEPTUNE ✓ 4th biggestplanet ✓ Mass= 1.03x1026kg ✓ Mean Radius= 2.21x107m ✓ Years Period= 165year ✓ Day period= 16.1hr ✓ Gravity = 12.6m/s2 ✓ Day temperature= -210 0C ✓ source for the heat is unknown ✓ Has 14 Natural satellites the main is Triton ✓ Distance from the sun= 4.50x1012m ✓ Escape speed= 24km/s ✓ Cloud composition C3 ✓ Distance from earth=4.3-4.5 Billion km ✓ The wind is so fast it brakes the sound barrier.
- 28. ISU RESOLUTION TOBE CONSIDERED AS A PLANET 1. The object must be in orbit around the sun. 2. The object must be massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity. more specifically, its own gravity should pull it into a shape of Hydrostatic Equilibrium. 3. The object must have cleared the neighborhood around its orbits. Dwarf planet
- 29. SUN ✓Mass= 1.991x1030kg ✓Mean Radius=6.96x108m ✓Gravity = 274m/s2 ✓Inner temperature= 16x106 0 C ✓Outer temperature= 1x106 0 C ✓Surface temperature= 6000 0 C ✓Escape speed= 618km/s ✓Most of star contain H-72% He-27.8% other-0.2% ✓Highly star bourns H He C O Ne Mg Si Fe ✓Age of sun-4.5 billion years ✓Types-G2 star ✓Color- yellow/orange ✓Core- Hydrogen
- 30. The solar system •8 planets, several dwarf planets, thousands of asteroids, and trillions of comets and meteoroids • Mostly distributed in a flat disk • Pluto orbits ~39 AU from Sun • The Sun blows a constant wind of charged gas into interstellar space, called the SolarWind • The boundary between the Solar Wind and interstellar space (the Heliosphere) is around 100 AU from the Sun (200 AU diameter)
- 31. SPACE DEBRIS ✓Asteroids ➢about 1,000km (600 miles) or less in diameter, that orbit the Sun primarily between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in a nearly flat ring called the asteroid belt. It is because of their small size and large numbers relative to the major planets that asteroids are also called minor planets.
- 32. Comet ❑Are ball ofdirty ice.They travel around The sun in huge, Oval orbits this means that they spend most of their time far away from the sun. some comets have such wide orbits that they may travel far above or below the solar system for thousands of years. ❑When a comet is near to the sun its nucleus become warmer.as the comet begins to melt a tail is formed.
- 34. Meteorites & meteoroids ❑Arevery small pieces of space debris.They may be grain of dust from comets, chunks of rock or even bits of shattered asteroids.
- 38. Copyright © EthiopianSpace Science Society Copyright © Ethiocosmos