Intro to Abhidhamma
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The Abhidhamma philosophy describes two types of truth - conventional and ultimate. Ultimate truth consists of consciousness, mental factors, matter, and Nibbana. Consciousness arises moment to moment in different types based on its nature. Wholesome, unwholesome and resultant consciousnesses can be classified according to the plane of existence. The Abhidhamma analyzes consciousness and mental processes in great detail through the lens of kamma and rebirth.
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Intro to Abhidhamma
- 1. Abhidhamma ABHI = higher, sublime, special distinguished Dhamma = teaching or ultimate realities
- 2. According to the Abhidhamma philosophy there are two types of Truth: • Conventional truth (sammuti sacca) • Ultimate Truth (paramattha sacca)
- 6. Conventional TruthConventional Truth Atom Nucleus Protons Neutrons Electrons Sub-atomic particles
- 7. Ultimate Truth - Råpa Kalàpa 1.Earth element 2.Water 3.Fire 4.Wind 5.Colour 6.Smell 7.Taste 8.Nutritive Essence
- 8. In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) isIn Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is fourfold:fourfold: 1. Consciousness (citta) 2. Mental Factors (cetasika) conditioned dhamma 3. Matter (rpa) 4. Nibbāna unconditioned dhamma
- 9. CONSCIOUSNESS (citta) • It is just awareness of an object. • Functions as a forerunner of mental factors • It manifests as a continuity of processes. • Consciousness arises only in combination with mental factors • It arises at tremendous speed, each consciousness going through the same 3 stages: arising (birth), static (decay) and dissolution (death) • At any one moment, only one consciousness arise. • In conventional truth, one lives from conception
- 11. Consciousness can be classified with respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways: 1. Unwholesome (akusala) 2. Wholesome (kusala) 3. Resultant (vipàka) 4. Functional (kiriya)
- 12. Six Types of Roots • Three wholesome rootsThree wholesome roots – Non greed – Non hatred – Non delusion • Three unwholesome rootsThree unwholesome roots – Greed – Hatred – Delusion
- 13. Consciousness can be classified with respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways: 1. Unwholesome (akusala) 2. Wholesome (kusala) 3. Resultant (vipàka) 4. Functional (kiriya)
- 14. 12 unwholesome consciousness 8 rooted in greed8 rooted in greed 1. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with wrong view, unprompted 2. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with wrong view, prompted 3. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from wrong view, unprompted 4. One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from wrong view, prompted 5. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, unprompted 6. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, prompted 7. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, unprompted 8. One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, prompted
- 15. 12 unwholesome consciousness 2 rooted in hatred2 rooted in hatred 1. One consciousness accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, unprompted 2. One consciousness accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, prompted
- 16. 12 unwholesome consciousness 2 rooted in delusion • One consciousness accompanied by equanimity, associated with doubt • One consciousness accompanied by equanimity, associated with restlessness.
- 17. Consciousness can be classified with respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways: 1. Unwholesome (akusala) 2. Wholesome (kusala) 3. Resultant (vipàka) 4. Functional (kiriya)
- 18. 8 sense-sphere wholesome consciousness 1. One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, unprompted 2. One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, prompted 3. One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, unprompted 4. One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, prompted 5. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, unprompted 6. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, prompted 7. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, unprompted 8. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, prompted
- 19. Cognitive Process Consciousness operates in 2 ways: 1. Cognitive process 1. Five door cognitive process 2. Mind door cognitive process 2. Process Freed 1. Rebirth consciousness 2. Bhavanga 3. Death consciousness
- 20. What is Bhavanga? • Bhava = existence • Anga = factor Bhavanga = “factor of existence”
- 23. Five door cognitive process (eye door) P V A F E Rc I D J J J J J J Rg RgJ B………
- 24. FIVE-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS Visible Object – 14 moments of consciousness act as cognitive process EFA RgV RgP Rc I D J J J J J J J B Eye-door cognitive process Wholesome and unwholesome kamma are performed at the Javana stage The visible object and Eye-sensitivity perish Together with Rg consciousness Process- freed Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, F=5-Door adverting consciousness, E=eye consciousness, Rc=Receiving consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, D=determining consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga.
- 25. MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS A RgV RgP M J J J J J J J B Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, M=Mind-Door consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga.
- 26. FIRST MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS A RgV RgP M J J J J J J J B Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, M=Mind-Door consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga. PAST…
- 27. SECOND MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS A RgV RgP M J J J J J J J B Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, M=Mind-Door consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga. “LOTUS”
- 28. THIRD MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS A RgV RgP M J J J J J J J B Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, M=Mind-Door consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga.
- 29. Next MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS A RgV RgP M J J J J J J J B Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, M=Mind-Door consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga. Like and Dislike !!
- 30. MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS A RgV RgP M J J J J J J J B Mind-door cognitive process Wholesome and unwholesome kamma are performed and strengthened at the Javana stage Process- freed Key: P=past bhavanga, V=vibrating bhavanga, A=arrest bhavanga, M=Mind-Door consciousness, I=investigating consciousness, J=javana, B=bhavanga.
- 31. Kamma Unwholesome kamma performed in sense sphereUnwholesome kamma performed in sense sphere javanajavana – Body • Killing • Taking what is not given • Sexual misconduct – Speech • Telling lies • Slandering • Harsh speech • Frivolous talk – Mind • Covetousness • Ill-will • Wrong view
- 32. MIND-DOOR COGNITIVE PROCESS A RgV RgP M J J J J J J J B Mind-door cognitive processProcess- freed Second through 6th javana generate indefinitely effective kamma, which can produce its effect at any time along samsara until one reaches Parinibbana 7th javana generates subsequently effective kamma, which can produce its results in the immediate future life. First javana generates immediately effective kamma, which can only produce its effect in this very life.
- 33. Right Effort in Cultivating Good Mind States 1. To prevent the arising of evil 2. To discard evil 3. To arouse unarisen wholesome states 4. To develop and bring to perfection the wholesome states
- 34. How to generate habitual wholesomeness by wise attention Impermanence Person ObjectObject
- 35. How to generate habitual wholesomeness by wise attention Kammassakata Situation
- 36. Consciousness can also divided into four groups by way of plane : • Sense-sphere • Fine-Material-sphere consciousness • Immaterial-sphere consciousness • Supramundane consciousness
- 37. 7 Planes of 4th Jhana 3 Planes of 3rd Jhana 3 Planes of 2nd Jhana 3 Planes of 1st Jhana 6 Deva realms 1 Human realm 1 Asura realm 1 Peta realm 1 Animal realm 1 Hell beings realm NPNNP Nothingness Infinite Consciousness Infinite Space 31 planes31 planes ofof existenceexistence
- 38. . . . . 6 Deva realms 1 Human realm 1 Asura realm 1 Peta realm 1 Animal realm 1 Hell beings realm 31 planes31 planes ofof existenceexistence 11 Sense sphere planes
- 44. 7 Planes of 4th Jhana 3 Planes of 3rd Jhana 3 Planes of 2nd Jhana 3 Planes of 1st Jhana . . . . . . 31 planes31 planes ofof existenceexistence 16 Fine material sphere planes
- 45. 5 wholesome fine-material sphere consciousness 1. 1st jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 2. 2nd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 3. 3rd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 4. 4th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness. 5. 5th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with 7 Planes of 4th Jhana 3 Planes of 3rd Jhana 3 Planes of 2nd Jhana 3 Planes of 1st Jhana 6 Deva realms 1 Human realm 1 Asura realm 1 Peta realm 1 Animal realm 1 Hell beings realm
- 46. FIRST ATTAINMENT OF JHĀNA MAV Pr Ac Cn Ch Jh B B Object: Pañibhàga B Key: Pr=preparation; Ac=access; Cn=conformity; Ch=change-of-lineage; Jh=Jhāna
- 47. 5 Jhāna Factors • Initial application of mind (Vitakka) - the directing and placing of the mind onto the object of the pañibhāga nimitta. • Sustained application of mind (Vicāra) - the sustained keeping of the mind on the pañibhāga nimitta. • Joy (Pīti) - interest, or liking for the pañibhāga nimitta. • Happiness (Sukha) - Pleasant feeling or happiness associated with experiencing the pañibhāga nimitta. • One-pointedness (Ekaggatā) - One-pointedness of mind or fixing the mind firmly on the pañibhāga nimitta.
- 48. 5 Masteries of Jhāna • Mastery in adverting: being able to advert to the jhāna factors after emerging from jhāna. • Mastery in attaining: being able to enter jhāna whenever one wishes. • Mastery in resolving: being able to stay in jhāna for as long as one has determined to stay. • Mastery in emerging: being able to leave the jhāna at the time one determines to emerge. • Mastery in reviewing: being able to review the jhāna factors from which one has just emerged.
- 49. 5 fine-material sphere resultant consciousness 1. 1st jhāna = resultant consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 2. 2nd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 3. 3rd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 4. 4th jhāna = resultant wholesome consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness. 5. 5th jhāna = resultant consciousness together with 7 Planes of 4th Jhana 3 Planes of 3rd Jhana 3 Planes of 2nd Jhana 3 Planes of 1st Jhana 6 Deva realms 1 Human realm 1 Asura realm 1 Peta realm 1 Animal realm 1 Hell beings realm
- 50. 5 fine-material sphere functional consciousness 1. 1st jhāna = functional consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 2. 2nd jhāna = functional consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 3. 3rd jhāna = functional consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 4. 4th jhāna = functional consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness. 5. 5th jhāna = functional consciousness together with
- 52. 4 Immaterial-sphere wholesome consciousness 1. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space 2. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness 3. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness 4. Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception . . . . . . . . . .
- 53. 4 Immaterial sphere resultant consciousness 1. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space 2. Resulatnt consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness 3. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness 4. Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception . . . . . . . . . .
- 54. 4 Immaterial sphere functional consciousness 1. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space 2. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness 3. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness 4. Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception
- 55. Supramundane consciousness • The noble consciousness that has gone beyond the 5 aggregates of clinging (i.e. beyond 31 planes of existence) • Four wholesome paths – Stream entry – Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant • Four resultant fruitions – Stream entry – Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant
- 56. Supramundane consciousness • The noble consciousness that has gone beyond the 5 aggregates of clinging (i.e. beyond 31 planes of existence) • Four wholesome paths – Stream entry – Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant • Four resultant fruitions – Stream entry – Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant
- 57. Supramundane consciousness • The noble consciousness that has gone beyond the 5 aggregates of clinging (i.e. beyond 31 planes of existence) • Four wholesome paths – Stream entry – Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant • Four resultant fruitions – Stream entry – Once returning – Non –returning – Arahant NIBBĀNANIBBĀNA
- 58. In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) isIn Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is fourfold:fourfold: 1. Consciousness (citta) 2. Mental Factors (cetasika) conditioned dhamma 3. Matter (rpa) 4. Nibbāna unconditioned dhamma
- 60. NIBBĀNA (i) It is supramundane, that is, beyond the world of mind-and-matter or the five aggregates of clinging. (ii) Nibbāna is the extinction of all greed, hatred, and delusion. (iii) It is unconditioned dhamma (not conditioned by any cause) (iv) Not subject to any becoming, change of state, and dissolution. (v) It is permanent, happiness and non-self. (vi) It is the object of Paths and Fruitions Knowledge.
- 61. Sotāpana FIRST ATTAINMENT OF PATH AND FRUITION MAV Pr Ac Cn Ch Pa Fr Fr B…… Object: either impermanent, suffering, or non- self nature of formations Object: NIBBâNA
- 62. 1) preparation (parikamma), which prepares the mental continuum for the attainment of Path consciousness 1) access (upacāra), which arises in proximity to the attainment of Path consciousness 1) conformity (anuloma), which harmonizes the preceding moments with the subsequent attainment of the Path. After this, one’s consciousness no longer enters into or settles down on any field of formations 1) change-of-lineage (gotrabhu) arises, which takes as its object the signless, the non-occurrence, the cessation (Nibbāna) which passes out of the lineage of worldlings (puthujjana) and enters into the lineage of the Noble Ones (Ariya).
- 63. FIRST ATTAINMENT OF PATH AND FRUITION MAV Pr Ac Cn Ch Pa Fr Fr B…… PENETRATE INTO THE 4 NOBLE TRUTHS 1. Understand the Truth of Suffering 2. Abandon the Origin of the Truth of Suffering 3. Realizing the Cessation of Suffereing 4. Developing the Noble Eightfold Path WHOLESOME CONSCIOUSNESS Function – to eradicate defilements, such as the 3 fetters: 1. Personality view 2. Clinging to rites and rituals in the belief that they can lead to Nibbāna 3. Doubt about the Triple Gem RESULTANT CONSCIOUSNESS Function – to experience the liberation after eradiction of defilements:
- 64. The 5 Aggregates of Clinging = The Truth of Suffering 1. Aggregate of Materiality 2. Aggregate of Feeling 3. Aggregate of Perception 4. Aggregate of Formation 5. Aggregate of Consciousness First Noble Truth should be fully known
- 65. Stream-entry path consciousnessStream-entry path consciousness permanently uproots three fetters:permanently uproots three fetters: 1. Personality View. He no longer considers the five aggregates as I, mine, or myself. 2. Attachment to Rites and Rituals. Such as the practice of imitating the behaviour of cows and dogs, various forms of torturing the body such as sleeping on thorns etc., thinking that the practice will purify the defilements and lead to escape from the rounds of rebirth. 3. Doubt. Doubt towards the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha (Triple Gem).
- 66. The benefits of attaining First Path and Fruition Knowledge (Sotāpana) 1. Closes the doors to the Four Woeful States. 2. Shortens the suffering in the begin-less rounds of rebirth. 3. Assurance of seven rebirths before final enlightenment. 4. Possession of the Seven Noble Treasures. 1. Confidence 2. Morality 3. Shame of wrongdoing 4. Fear of wrongdoing 5. Learning 6. Generosity 7. Insight Knowledge or wisdom
- 67. Sotāpana ATTAINMENT OF FRUITION MAV Pr Ac Cn Pu Fr Fr Fr B…… Object: either impermanent, suffering, or non- self nature of formations Object: NIBBâNA …… Pu = purification