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Intro to ling Lec I.pptx (Process of Communication)
- 1. INTRODUCTION Course Title: Introductionto English Linguistics II Course Code: ENG-2041
- 2. Objective ■ By theend of this lecture student will be able to understand the basic aspects of linguistics and language.
- 3. Overview The lecture includethe followings topics: ■ Linguistics and Language ■ Communication ■ Learning vs Acquistion
- 4. What is Language? ■A language is a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which beings express themselves. The more complex a language is, the more varied its display of functions and characteristics. The typical functions of language include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release.
- 5. What is Linguistics? ■Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and its focus is the systematic investigation of the properties of particular languages as well as the characteristics of language in general. ■ It encompasses not only the study of sound, grammar and meaning, but also the history of language families, how languages are acquired by children and adults, and how language use is processed in the mind and how it is connected to race and gender. ■ With close connections to the humanities, social sciences and the natural sciences, linguistics complements a diverse range of other disciplines such as anthropology, philosophy, psychology, sociology, biology, computer science, health sciences, education and literature.
- 6. Communication as ameaningful process ■ Communication is a way of interchanging messages or information between two or more people, focusing on the message. Language is a tool of communication. ■ Language is a concept that is unarguably essential to man. This is because of the fact that man's existence depends solely on his ability to manipulate language to suit his purposes and communicative needs. ■ Language is basically a tool for communication. In communication, language performs social functions as it is used to fashion out social interaction that enables humans to exchange information and coexist.
- 7. The natural source ■Language’ is believed to have evolved from natural sounds. The bow-wow, the pooh- pooh and the yo-hey-ho theories all support the fact that language came from the imitation of natural sounds that people hear around them. ■ The bow-wow theory states that language evolved as people tried to re-echo sounds that occurred naturally. This theory sees language as being onomatopoeic. Words like buzz, boom, hiss, and meow are all imitations of natural sounds. The theory however failed to account for words and expressions which are not linked to any natural sounds. Language is also believed to have been developed from instinctive natural cries of emotions and other interjections. ■ This is the tenet of the pooh-pooh theory. This theory holds that as people tried to express emotions of pain, anger and joy, language evolved. Words like oh!, ah, ouch, wow, hey and many others all express emotive feelings. ■ Another theory that draws from the belief that language has its origin in natural sounds is Yo-he-ho which holds that language began as rhythmic sounds and chants of people involved in heavy work.
- 8. Learning vs acquisition ■Two concepts – acquisition and learning – play key roles in the study of language. Although there are people who use the two terms interchangeably, in reality they embody two different processes in the development of communicative competence. ■ Language acquisition is an intuitive and subconscious process, similar to that of children when they develop their mother tongue. ■ Language acquisition is a subconscious process that happens naturally. For instance, A child will begin to speak by being exposed to the language and by interacting with its environment, without the need for grammar lessons. ■ While language learning is a conscious process that involves studying rules and structures.
- 9. Cont.…… ■ While languagelearning is a conscious process that involves studying rules and structures. ■ When grammatical rules are explained to us in a language class, this is a formal context. In the classroom, the acquisition of communication skills occurs through explicit instruction and methodical study, and that conscious effort is what we call learning. ■ The acquisition and learning of a language are not mutually exclusive. In fact, they interact in our daily lives in significant ways. During childhood, acquisition is the predominant process. Children absorb their mother tongue (or mother tongues) and linguistic and cultural norms and conventions when interacting with their environment. ■ As we get older, formal learning becomes more prominent (at school, due to our cognitive abilities, etc.). The passage of time and the gradual increased importance of formal learning do not mean that we stop acquiring language.
- 10. Cont.…… ■ Language acquisitionand language learning influence our communicative competence in different ways. Acquisition allows us to use language intuitively, with less attention to grammatical rules. That is why native speakers use their mother tongue with no apparent effort. ■ On the other hand, learning offers a deep understanding of the language’s structure, making it possible to comprehend and use more complex forms. While we are learning languages, we pay close attention to what we think or say
- 11. References ■ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377977259_LANGUAGE_AND_C OMMUNICATION ■ https://theconversation.com/languages-are-both-acquired-and-learned-so-c onscious-and-unconscious-effort-is-needed-when-picking-up-a-new-one-2108 16 ■https://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol03/12/12.pdf ■ https://www.ilstranslations.com/blog/language-vs-communication-theyre-no t-the-same-thing/#:~:text=Language%20is%20a%20system%20of,a%20proc ess%20of%20transferring%20messages . ■ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374617447_INTRODUCTION_TO_ LINGUISTICS