![What is Web Engineering (WE)
• Web Engineering – is the application of systematic, disciplined, and
quantifiable approaches to the design, production, deployment,
operation, maintenance and evolution of Web-based software
products. [Gaedke,2000]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lec12-241116095013-144d7053/85/IntrO-To-Management-Chapter-1-and-2-slid-2-320.jpg)
![Categories of Web Applications
• A Web Application is a software system based on technologies and
standards of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that provides
Web specific resources such as content and services through a user
interface, the Web browser. [Kappel et al., 2004]
• Definition explicitly includes:
• Technologies
• User Interaction
• These are not Webapps:
• Technologies alone, e.g. web services
• Website without s/w components, e.g. static web pages](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lec12-241116095013-144d7053/85/IntrO-To-Management-Chapter-1-and-2-slid-8-320.jpg)
IntrO To Management Chapter 1 and 2 slid
- 1. Lecture Outline • Introduction to Web Engineering • Categories of Web Applications • Web Engineering is Multidisciplinary • Evolution of Web Engineering • Difference between Web Development and other Development • Web Development Practices • Web Development Processes
- 2. What is Web Engineering (WE) • Web Engineering – is the application of systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approaches to the design, production, deployment, operation, maintenance and evolution of Web-based software products. [Gaedke,2000]
- 3. Web Engineering (WE) • A holistic and pro-active approach to Web systems development • Offers systematic approaches and disciplined processes for development • Deals with the management of complexity and diversity of Web development • Brings to Web-based system development Control • Risk minimization • Enhanced maintainability and quality
- 4. Basic Paradigm • Hypertext + Internet • Internet • a global system of interconnected computer networks • use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) • facilitate data transmission and exchange • Hypertext – textual documents together with the ability to interconnect documents by links between them as part of the document contents • HTML: HyperText Markup Language • the predominant markup language for web pages • provide a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text • E.g. headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes, etc. • HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol • a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers • use for retrieving inter linked resources (hypertext documents) ‐ • led to the establishment of the World Wide Web in 1990
- 5. History of Web • 1969: ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) • First small network: Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) • IP (Internet Protocol) • 1972: Telnet protocol • 1973: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) • 1973: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) • 1989: T. Berners‐Lee et al.: • Word Wide Web (WWW) • 1994: W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) • 1996: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
- 6. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • International consortium where member of the organizations, a full‐ time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards • http://www.w3.org • W3C's mission: • to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long term growth for the Web ‐
- 8. Categories of Web Applications • A Web Application is a software system based on technologies and standards of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that provides Web specific resources such as content and services through a user interface, the Web browser. [Kappel et al., 2004] • Definition explicitly includes: • Technologies • User Interaction • These are not Webapps: • Technologies alone, e.g. web services • Website without s/w components, e.g. static web pages
- 9. Categories of Web Applications • Scope and complexity of Web applications vary widely • Offer vastly varied functionality and have different characteristics and requirements
- 10. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Document‐Centric (Informational) • Precursor to Webapps, stored in server as ready made ‐ • Informational • read only content is provided with simple navigation and links ‐ • Examples: • static HTML pages, “home pages” ‐ • web radio • simple presentations of companies/products
- 11. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Interactive • content of a website is dynamically generated as response to a user request • form based input is the primary mechanism for communication between ‐ • client and server • Usage of HTML forms and Common Gateway Interface (CGI) techniques ‐ • radio button, string input, choice lists • Examples: • dynamic HTML pages • public transport schedules • search engines
- 12. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Transaction‐oriented (Transactional) • complex interactions • read and write actions • usage of transaction management of database systems • efficient and consistent data management • structured data and queries • Examples: • online banking • e shopping ‐ • reservation systems
- 13. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Workflow‐based (Workflow‐Oriented) • support business processes (“workflows”) within and between enterprises or private users access • an application provides a complex service to the user, e.g. assists the user in determining the mortgage payment • use of Web services to guarantee interoperability • Examples: • Business to Business (B2B) Integration Frameworks ‐ ‐ • E Government ‐ • patient workflows in health care systems
- 14. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Collaborative (Collaborative Work Environment) • support cooperation in case of unstructured flow of activities and high degree of communication • Unstructured operations, “groupware“ • Support shared information and workspaces • Log entries and edits • Mediate meetings or make decision • Examples: • Wiki, http://c2.com/cgi/wiki • Google Map
- 15. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Social Web (Online Communities and Marketplaces) • People provide their identity to small community of others with similar interest • Examples: • Social networking • Video sharing ‐ • Blogs
- 16. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Portal‐oriented • the application channels the user to other Web content or services outside the domain of the portal application • “single point of access“ • Specialized portals, examples: • Community portals • dedicated user groups • customer loyalty through user interaction, customer profiles • Enterprise portals • Allow employee and business partners focused access to different sources on info • and services • Via intranet, extranet • Marketplace portals • B2B, B2C, SCM
- 17. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Ubiquitous • personalized services at every time at every location • multi platform delivery (PC, PDA, mobile phone) ‐ • context dependent information ‐ • Examples: • Display of today‘s menu on end user devices while entering a restaurant ‐ • Must consider limitations of mobile devices • Bandwidth, screen size, memory, context
- 18. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.) • Semantic web • Increasing convergence of TIMES leads to domination of ubiquitous applications • Telecommunication, Information Technology, multimedia, Education, Entertainment, Security • Present information on the web • adequate for human understanding and • adequate for automatic manipulation • Facilitate “Knowledge management“ on the web
- 19. Categories of Web Applications (Cont.)
- 20. Class Activity • Classify these web sites into above discussed categories. YOUTUBE ? Google ? Twitter ? Rozee.pk ? Dropbox ? HBL Phone Banking? JIRA ? Apple Smart Watch? LinkedIn?
- 21. Class Activity SOLUTION YOUTUBE - Collaborative Google - Interactive Twitter - Social Rozee.pk - Portal Dropbox - Collaborative HBL Phone Banking - Transaction oriented JIRA - Workflow Apple Smart Watch - Ubiquitous LinkedIn? - Uses Semantic web Technology
- 22. Web Engineering is Multidisciplinary • systems analysis and design • software engineering • hypermedia/hypertext engineering • requirements engineering • human computer interaction ‐ • user interface • information engineering • information indexing and retrieval • Testing • modelling and simulation • project management • graphic design and presentation
- 23. WE discipline (Cont.) • Web Engineering is not a clone of software engineering • While Web Engineering uses software engineering principles, it encompasses new approaches, methodologies, tools, techniques, and guidelines to meet the unique requirements of Web-based systems
- 24. Evolution of Web Engineering • Progressively emerging as a new discipline addressing the unique needs and challenges of Web-based systems development • Since 1998, • Workshops • Conferences • Journals • Books
- 25. Difference between Web Development and other Development • Web Development is Different • Web application development has certain characteristics that make it different from traditional software, information system, or computer application development • Web applications have the following characteristics: • Web applications constantly evolve • Web applications are inherently different from software • Web applications are meant to be used by a vast, variable user community • Web-based systems are content-driven (database-driven) • Web-based systems demand a good “look and feel,” • Web applications have a compressed development schedule, and time • pressure is heavy • Ramifications of failure or dissatisfaction of users of Web-based applications can be much worse than conventional IT systems
- 26. Web Development is Different (cont.) • Web applications have the following characteristics (Cont.) • Web applications are developed by a small team of (often young) people with diverse backgrounds, skills, and knowledge compared to a team of software developers • There are rapid technological changes • Web development uses cutting-edge, diverse technologies and standards, and integrates numerous varied components • The delivery medium for Web applications is quite different from that of traditional software • Security and privacy needs of Web-based systems are more demanding than that of traditional software • The Web exemplifies a greater bond between art and science than generally encountered in software development
- 27. Web Development Practices • Lacks rigor, systematic approach • The completed system is not what the user wants • System not developed on time, cost overruns • Lacks scalability and maintainability, hence a limited useful life • Does not meet performance requirements • Resources are wasted • Complexity of Web-based systems is often deceptive and is not often recognized by many stakeholders • Several attributes of quality of Web-based systems are not given the due consideration • Web applications also fail to address cultural or regional considerations, and privacy, moral and legal obligations and requirements • Web systems also lack proper testing, evaluation, and documentation