Introduction (1/6)
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This document outlines a tutorial on motivating users to contribute semantic content through incentives and game mechanics. It discusses analyzing incentive structures and designing semantic applications to harness human intelligence. The tutorial covers human contributions to semantics, methods for incentivized application analysis and design, guidelines for technology that utilizes incentives, and examples of semantic annotation games. The goal is realizing the Semantic Web by encouraging widespread end-user generation of semantic content.
Introduction (1/6)
- 1. Ten ways to make your semantic app addictive Elena Simperl, University of Innsbruck, AT ISWC 2010 www.insemtives.eu 1
- 2. Executive summary • Many aspects of semantic content authoring naturally rely on human contribution. • Motivating users to contribute is essential for semantic technologies to reach critical mass and ensure sustainable growth. • This tutorial is about – Methods and techniques to study incentives and motivators applicable to semantic content authoring scenarios. – How to implement the results of such studies through technology design, usability engineering, and game mechanics. www.insemtives.eu 2
- 3. Our approach • Typology of semantic content authoring tasks and the ways they could motivate users to contribute. • Methodology for analyzing and designing incentivized semantic applications. • Pilots, showcases and technology. www.insemtives.eu 3
- 4. www.insemtives.eu 4 Incentives and motivation • Incentives are ‘rewards’ assigned by an external ‘judge’ to a performer for undertaking a specific task. • Common belief (among economists): incentives can be translated into a sum of money for all practical purposes. • Incentives can be related to both extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. – Extrinsic motivation if task is considered • Boring, dangerous, useless, socially undesirable, dislikable by the performer. – Intrinsic motivation if • The performer likes what he/she is doing • The act is satisfying in itself (for various reasons).
- 8. Harnessing human intelligence Facebook reports 4,000,000,000 minutes (> 7500 person years) are spent on the site every day www.insemtives.eu 8 Recaptcha users solve 60 million CAPTCHAs a day, which accounts for around 160,000 human hours (19 person years) More than 18 000 titles preserved in 10 years
- 10. Which tasks can be crowdsourced? • Modularity/Divisibility: can the task be divided into smaller chunks (see casual games, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, open source software) • Skills and expertise: does the task address a broad audience (see CAPTCHAs, casual games) • Combinability – Additive: pulling a rope (group performs better than individuals, but each individual pulls less hard) – Conjunctive: running in a pack (performance is that of the weakest member, group size reduces group performance) – Disjunctive: answering a quiz (group size increases group performance in term of the time needed to answer) www.insemtives.eu 10
- 14. Challenges • Task selection, work breakdown and distribution of labor • Domain selection and creation of knowledge corpus • Deriving formal representations from user inputs • Technology design • Intrinsic motivations www.insemtives.eu 14
- 15. Factors affecting participation • Prize is higher • Participants are more intrinsically motivated , have more free time, are non-experts in the field , and are not participating due to career concerns, social motivations, or to beat others. www.insemtives.eu 15 (Lakhani et al, 2007)
- 16. Outline of the tutorial Time Presentation 09:00 – 09:30 Human contributions in semantic content authoring 09:30 – 10:30 Methods and techniques to analyze and design incentivized semantic applications 10:30 – 11:00 Coffee break 11:00 – 12:30 Guidelines for incentivized technology design 12:30 - 13:30 Lunch break 13:30 – 14:30 Casual games for semantic content creation 14:30 – 15:00 Hands-on (Part I) 15:00 – 15:30 Coffee break 15:30 – 17:00 Hands-on (Part II) 17:00 – 17:30 Wrap-up and closing www.insemtives.eu 16
- 17. 1/29/2015 www.insemtives.eu 17 Realizing the Semantic Web by encouraging millions of end-users to create semantic content.