Introduction Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence
« Fast Approach »
by Thierry DANTHEZ

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« Pascaline », 1642, Blaise Pascal
Abacus, XIIeme Clocks, XIIIeme
1 - History
 Since antiquity, artificial intelligence has been a man's old dream,
that of reproducing his gestures and simplifying his work through
machines.
 The word Robot comes from the Czech “Robota" meaning « Work /
Job / Chore"
 In antiquity the first computers were the abacus, then it was clocks
to measure time, then the first calculating machines made with a
chain of mechanical gears and which made it possible to carry out
calculations for trade and merchants
 Then with the emergence of electronics and computers, the old
dream of making machines do a difficult job would return

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2 – What is it ?
 Historically, it began in the 1950s with the work of Alan Turing, who wondered whether a
machine could "think".
 Artificial intelligence is a technology that allows interaction between the real world and the
computer world.
 The term "artificial intelligence" was coined by John McCarthy in 1956, at a conference on
“an evaluation algorithm playing a major role in programming“, notably used by the vast
majority of chess programs.
“John McCarthy was also the inventor of the Lisp language in 1958”
“Artificial intelligence is often abbreviated by the acronym A.I.”
 Nowadays computers are able to perform repetitive tasks, to do complex mathematical
calculations in a few seconds where humans would take years.
 Computers are able to analyze situations, data and according to logical programming they
are able to do a series of actions automatically with a simple feedback if the action went
well
 The computer has long since outperformed humans in mechanical activities such as
numerical calculations, memorization or repetitive tasks. But, we can't really talk about
intelligence.
one thousand, nine hundred fifty-six
one thousand, nine hundred fifty-eight
one thousand, nine hundred fifty

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3 – What’s the point ?
 The goal is to go beyond the simple logic of programming and for the computer to interact
with the real world and learn and understand it in order to adapt its program dynamically.
 There are already in the world general public interactions in artificial intelligence that you
probably know, asking a question to your phone through APPLE's SIRI application or
Microsoft's Cortana, they are already small artificial intelligences of language.
 However, the ultimate goal is to imitate or extend human intelligence with machines capable
of learning, decision-making and even reasoning.
 Two major players are positioned in this field: IBM's "Watson" and Google's "TensorFlow",
which use data to build a mathematical model and learn as they go along to achieve the
desired result. It is a bit of a self-programming in short.
 These technologies are a major challenge for tomorrow's society, especially in many
sectors such as health, banking, marketing, retail, databases, and many others.
 This allows companies to be more competitive and more efficient, to better target their
customers, to obtain a better diagnosis quickly and accurately for the medical sector, to
make more precise decisions based on more extensive criteria,..., where the human eye
would miss a detail, the machine will see it.

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4 – Applications
 Image and video processing
In the automotive sector, for example, this makes it possible to identify obstacles, a pedestrian and to trigger an action
(braking, avoidance)
 Language related applications
In the public sector, language recognition makes it possible to do home automation, turn on your heating, a lamp, music,
ask a question to your phone (Microsoft Cortana, Apple SIRI, OK Google, Amazon Alexa, etc.)
 Predictive analyses
In another sector such as Data mining, Machine Learning, Deep learning, Statistics, this makes it possible to use texts
and statistical data to forecast customer purchase intentions in relation to the weather of the day, for example, or to classify
articles in categories, or to google relevant answers.
 The Games
Since the origins of artificial intelligence in games such as chess (logic game) or go (intuitive) have been closely linked to
the evolution of AI and are the subject of annual competitions with world champions such as Gary Kasparov who was
beaten in chess in 1977 by a computer and who allows to measure the progress of this technology.
 The automation
In the industrial sector, robots are already well established and make it possible to simplify repetitive tasks such as in
the automotive sector, going into environments toxic to humans underwater or in radioactive environments for example,
there are also robots to pass the lawnmower or vacuum in your home.
 The robots
Robots are another sector that allow problem solving, language comprehension, vision, hearing, learning, adapting to
human behaviour and adapting the response or action to a person, other robots simply reproduce the movement of a bird's
wings
 Health, biotechnology
In the health sector, artificial intelligence makes it possible to better diagnose, detect anomalies on scanners or medical
xrays and reconcile them with a database and ensure better follow-up and diagnosis of the patient.

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5 - Conclusions
Clocks, XIIIe Apple I, 1976
Automat Musician, XIXè
Aïbo, 1999
ASSIMO, 2000
Actroid DER-01, 2005
Computers are now sufficiently powerful, so that artificial intelligence can
now emerge. Will we be able to make good use of them?
"I fear the day when technology will surpass humans“, Albert EINSTEIN.
Tablets, 2018Calculators, 1642Abacus, XIIe

Introduction Artificial Intelligence

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