Introduction to analog communication system

Communication System Lab
Prepared by
Dr. Amr Rashed

Electrical Communication Systems
4

5
Electrical Communication Systems

6
 Communication system
is a combination of circuits and devices put together
to accomplish a reliable transmission of information
from one point to another.
 Communication systems are designed to transmit
information.
What is a communication system?.
Communication
System
Source Destination

7
Communication is the exchange of
information either wired or wirelessly
between two points that are far away
from each other.
What is a
communication system?.

22
Types of modulation (based on message signal)

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Types of modulation (based on carrier
signal)

Communication systems Design concerns
Selection of the information–bearing waveform
;
Bandwidth and power of the waveform
;
Effect of system noise on the received information
;
Cost of the system
.

What is the purpose of a communication system?
How to build a communication system?
nalhareqi-2016 38

Communication
System
Source Destination
Transmitte
r
Receiver
Source
Destination
Channe
l
nalhareqi-2016 39

 A typical communication system can be modeled as
nalhareqi-2016 40
Communications System Model
Input
Transduce
r
Transmitte
r
Channel Receiver
Output
Transduce
r
Distortion
And
Noise
Source
Input
messag
e
Input
signal
Transmitted
signal
Received
signal
Output
signal
Output
messag
e
Destinatio
n
Sender/
Transmitter
Receiver

 Produces an input message( voice, picture, computer data etc ).
 There are many different types of sources and there are different
forms for messages.
 In general, input messages
 Discrete: Finite set of outcomes. “Digital ”
 Continuous: Infinite set of outcomes. “Analog”
nalhareqi-2016 42
Source

Digital and Analog Sources and Systems
Basic Definitions:
• Analog Information Source:
An analog information source produces messages which are
defined on a continuum. (E.g. :Microphone)
• Digital Information Source:
A digital information source produces a finite set of possible
messages. (E.g. :Typewriter)
t
x(t)
t
x(t)
Analog Digital

Digital and Analog Sources and Systems
 A digital communication system transfers information from a
digital source to the intended receiver (also called the sink).
 An analog communication system transfers information from an
analog source to the sink.
 A digital waveform is defined as a function of time that can have
a discrete set of amplitude values.
 An Analog waveform is a function that has a continuous range of
values.

 If the input message is nonelectrical ( e.g. voice), it
must be converted by an input transducer to an
electrical signal
 A transducer: is a device that converts one form of
energy into another.
 In the communication system, it convert the output of
a source into an electrical signal that is suitable for
processing; e.g., a microphone and a camera.
nalhareqi-2016 46
Input Transducer

 The transmitter converts the electrical signal into a form that is
suitable for transmission through the transmission medium or
channel by a process called modulation.
 Data form depends on the channel.
nalhareqi-2016 47
Transmitter

 Channel: medium used to transfer signal from transmitter to
receiver
 Channel can be wired or wireless.
 While the signal is travelling through the channel(the medium) it
is always attenuated (and the level of attenuation increases with
distance).
 Also, the signal shape may be changed during the transmission
i.e. become ‘distorted’.
nalhareqi-2016 48
Channel

 The signal is not only distorted by a channel, but it is also contaminated
along the path by undesirable signals lumped under the broad term noise
 Noise are random and unpredictable signals from causes external ( such
interference from signals transmitted on nearby channels) and internal
( such noise resulted from thermal motion of electrons in conductors).
nalhareqi-2016 49
Noise

 The function of the receiver is to recover the message
signal contained in the signal received from the channel
(received signal).
 The received signal is a corrupted version of the
transmitted signal.
 So, the receiver reconstruct a recognizable form of the
original message signal.
 It reprocess the received signal by undoing the signal
modifications ( demodulation) made at the transmitter
and the channel.
nalhareqi-2016 50
Receiver

 The receiver output is fed to the output transducer, which convert
the electrical signals that are received into a form that is suitable
for the final destination; e.g., speaker, monitor, etc.
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Output Transducer

Digital Communication
 Advantages
• Relatively inexpensive digital circuits may be used;
• Privacy is preserved by using data encryption;
• Data from voice, video, and data sources may be merged and
transmitted over a common digital transmission system;
• In long-distance systems, noise dose not accumulate from repeater
to repeater. Data regeneration is possible
• Errors in detected data may be small, even when there is a large
amount of noise on the received signal;
• Errors may often be corrected by the use of coding.
 Disadvantages
• Generally, more bandwidth is required than that for analog systems;
• Synchronization is required.

Ref
• https://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/blog/modu
lation-definition-need-for-modulation-types-of-modulation/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHvV_Tv8HDQ
• https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineer
ing/Signal_Processing_and_Modeling/Signals_and_Syste
ms_(Baraniuk_et_al.)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Signals/1.0
1%3A_Signal_Classifications_and_Properties

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