Introduction to Arduino session and basically it depends how you us and where you use.pptx
- 2. Introduction • Arduino is an open-source electronics platform designed for easy prototyping and development of interactive projects. • Its main component is a programmable microcontroller, typically an Atmega series chip, some of the most commonly used Atmega chips in Arduino boards include the Atmega328P, Atmega2560, and Atmega32U4. providing computing capabilities. • Arduino boards feature digital and analog input/output pins for connecting various sensors, actuators, and other peripherals. • Additionally, they include power connections and a USB interface for programming and communication with computers. • Arduino's capabilities range from simple tasks like blinking LEDs to complex projects involving robotics, home automation, and IoT applications. • Its user-friendly IDE and vast community support make it accessible for beginners while offering flexibility for advanced users to innovate and create.
- 3. Some prerequisites • Voltage • Current • Resistance • How components like resistors, • LEDs, and sensors work.
- 4. Analog signals 1.Continuous Variation: Analog signals exhibit continuous changes in voltage or current levels over time. 2.Infinite Values: Analog signals can represent an infinite number of values within a specified range. 3.Smooth Representation: Analog signals are typically represented graphically as smooth waveforms. 4.Real-world Phenomena: Analog signals often represent real-world phenomena such as sound, temperature, or light intensity. 5.Sensitivity to Noise: Analog signals are susceptible to noise and interference, which can distort the signal. 6.Common Applications: Analog signals find applications in audio processing, sensor readings, communication systems, and various industrial and scientific domains requiring precise data representation.
- 6. Digital Signals 1.Discrete Values: Digital signals consist of discrete voltage levels representing binary digits (0s and 1s). 2.Fixed Values: Each digital signal represents a specific value, either a logical low (0) or logical high (1). 3.On-Off Representation: Digital signals convey information through on- off states, where each state corresponds to a binary digit. 4.Noise Immunity: Digital signals are less susceptible to noise and interference compared to analog signals, as they rely on distinct voltage levels to convey information. 5.Binary Representation: Digital signals are fundamental to digital electronics, enabling computation, storage, and transmission of data in computers, microcontrollers, and communication systems.
- 8. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) •Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique used in Arduino to simulate analog output using digital pins. •It works by rapidly switching the output pin between high and low states at varying duty cycles. •Duty cycle refers to the percentage of time the signal is high (on) within each cycle. •By adjusting the duty cycle, PWM can effectively control the average voltage supplied to a component. •PWM is commonly used to control the brightness of LEDs, the speed of motors, and the intensity of servos. •Arduino boards with PWM capabilities can generate PWM signals on certain digital pins, such as Arduino Uno's pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and
- 11. Understanding Hardware 1.Microcontroller: The processing unit of Arduino, typically operates at 5V with a current consumption of 20-200mA, depending on the model. 2.Digital Pins: These binary input/output pins operate at 5V, sourcing/sinking a maximum of 20mA individually. 3.Analog Pins: Operating at 5V, Arduino Uno's 6 analog pins read voltages within a 0-5V range with a resolution of 10 bits. 4.Power Pins: Including VIN (7-12V input), 5V (regulated), and 3.3V (regulated), these provide power to the board and peripherals. 5.USB Port: Provides 5V DC power and serial communication to the Arduino from a computer.
- 13. Types of Arduino Boards • Arduino UNO
- 14. • Arduino NANO
- 15. • Arduino PRO MINI And • Arduino MEGA • Arduino DUE • Arduino Leonardo • Arduino MKR series
- 16. •Installing Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) on your computer. •Connecting Arduino board to the computer. Setting Up Arduino Environment
- 17. Basic Programming Concepts 1.Setup() Function: Runs once when the Arduino is powered on or reset, used for initializing variables, pins, and libraries. (For ex. initializing pins – pinMode(pin, mode);) 2.Loop() Function: Continuously executes after the setup(), where the main program logic resides. 3.Variables: Used to store data, including integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), and characters (char). 4.Data Types: Include integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and arrays (collections of variables of the same type). 5.Conditional Statements: Such as if, else if, and else, used for decision-making based on conditions. 6.Loops: Including for, while, and do-while, for repetitive execution of code blocks.
- 18. Some functions and features unique to the Arduino IDE • setup() and loop() Functions: Every Arduino sketch must include these two functions. setup() executes once at startup or reset, while loop() runs continuously thereafter, mimicking an embedded system's behavior. • Digital I/O Functions: Arduino provides simplified functions like digitalRead() and digitalWrite() for interacting with digital pins, abstracting hardware intricacies. • Analog I/O Functions: Arduino offers analogRead() for reading analog inputs and analogWrite() for PWM output, simplifying analog signal handling.
- 19. • Serial Communication: Arduino simplifies serial communication with Serial.begin(), Serial.available(), and Serial.read(), facilitating interaction with external devices. • Specialized Libraries: The Arduino IDE comes with pre-written libraries for various tasks, such as controlling servos or interfacing with sensors, abstracting complex operations. • Board-specific Functions: Functions like tone() and noTone() are available for generating tones on boards with built-in speakers, enhancing sound capabilities. • Integrated Development Environment (IDE): The Arduino IDE integrates compilation, uploading, and serial monitoring, streamlining the development process for Arduino projects.
- 20. For the Handson Session